Study guide for cells and cell reproduction test
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This study guide covers key topics about cells and cell reproduction for an upcoming test, including defining important cell vocabulary terms, comparing plant and animal cells, explaining transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, describing the cell cycle of mitosis and meiosis, sexual and asexual reproduction, DNA and genetics concepts. The guide outlines what students should know about cell organelles and their functions, the phases of interphase and mitosis, chromosome behavior, fertilization, and the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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Meiosis.ppt..
It will give idea about Meiosis with excellent picture so, anyone can easily understand what actually meiosis is.
Mitossis and meosis -cell cycle -
mitosis and meosis -
chromosomes
interphase
sphase
g1 phase
g2 phase
meosis ii
by sir Yasir Gujjar
submitted by Malaika azeem
for zoology students
share your valuable comments
REGARDS
....
...
...
....
.....
....
.....
.....
.....
.......
..'.....
........
........
......
Chromosomes and the cell cycle 3
Stem cells have the ability to divide and differentiate into other cell types. There are two main types of stem cells: omnipotent stem cells that can become any cell type and totipotent stem cells that can become all cell types of an embryo but not an entire organism. Cell division by budding is the process where a new cell is formed from the parent cell without the chromosomes replicating. The cells produced by meiosis during gamete formation are not genetically identical because meiosis results in genetically different haploid cells that combine to form a genetically unique zygote.
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2) All human body cells are diploid except gametes, which are haploid.
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Stem cell therapy is the most advance therapy which use stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
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Cells need to divide for three main reasons: growth and repair of tissues, reproduction, and replacement of dying cells. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis, which produces identical body cells, and meiosis, which creates gametes for sexual reproduction. The cell cycle consists of interphase, where the cell grows and its DNA is replicated, and the M phase where the cell divides through mitosis or meiosis. Strict controls regulate the cell cycle to ensure cells only divide as needed. Cancer occurs when cells lose their ability to regulate division.
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Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced for sexual reproduction. It involves two divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and crossover can occur, resulting in genetic recombination. The homologous chromosomes then separate, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II then divides the resulting cells again without crossover, producing four haploid daughter cells each with one representative from each chromosome pair. The main difference between the two divisions is that genetic recombination occurs during meiosis I but not during meiosis II.
Plegable biomol
The document discusses several studies related to the cell cycle and cell division. It first provides an overview of the cell cycle and its phases. It then summarizes studies that found a molecule called c-di-GMP acts as a signal that controls the cell cycle similar to a traffic light, allowing cell progression when levels increase. Another study found cells do not always add the same amount of mass before dividing as previously thought, but rather oscillate in size. Understanding these processes could help reveal new information about related pathologies like cancer.
Senescence and immortalization
Senescence is a major tumor suppressor mechanism that forms a barrier against tumorogenesis by limiting the number of times a cell can divide. Immortalization, which involves the activation of telomere maintenance mechanisms like telomerase or ALT, allows cells to bypass this barrier and divide indefinitely. This is an important step in carcinogenesis, though additional genetic changes are required for full malignant transformation. Senescence and immortalization play key roles in cancer development by respectively acting as a proliferation barrier and allowing for unlimited cell division.
Chromosomes and the cell cycle (lecture2)
Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell and is the process by which somatic (body) cells divide. Some single-celled organisms like amoeba reproduce through mitosis and cytokinesis, resulting in clones with low genetic variability. Bacterial cells do not reproduce through mitosis but through binary fission, also resulting in clones. Stem cells are cells capable of differentiating into various tissue types, with omnipotent stem cells able to become any tissue and totipotent stem cells able to become a range of tissues.
4.1 Cell Division and Mitosis
This document provides information about cell division and mitosis. It explains that cell division is important for replacing worn out or damaged cells. During interphase, the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. Mitosis then follows, where the nucleus divides into two identical nuclei. The key stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells. Cell division allows for growth and tissue repair through replacement of old cells.
Telomeres
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes that protect genetic material during cell division. As cells divide, telomeres slowly shorten due to the inability of DNA replication to fully copy chromosome ends. Eventually telomeres become so short that cells can no longer divide, leading to cellular aging. In most human cells, the enzyme telomerase is turned off, contributing to telomere shortening with each cell division. However, telomerase is active in approximately 90% of cancer cells, allowing them to divide indefinitely and overcome the natural limits of cellular replication. Telomere shortening may promote cancer by causing chromosome instability when telomeres become dysfunctional. Maintaining telomere length through telomerase
Meiosis.ppt..
It will give idea about Meiosis with excellent picture so, anyone can easily understand what actually meiosis is.
Mitossis and meosis -cell cycle -
mitosis and meosis -
chromosomes
interphase
sphase
g1 phase
g2 phase
meosis ii
by sir Yasir Gujjar
submitted by Malaika azeem
for zoology students
share your valuable comments
REGARDS
....
...
...
....
.....
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........
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Chromosomes and the cell cycle 3
Stem cells have the ability to divide and differentiate into other cell types. There are two main types of stem cells: omnipotent stem cells that can become any cell type and totipotent stem cells that can become all cell types of an embryo but not an entire organism. Cell division by budding is the process where a new cell is formed from the parent cell without the chromosomes replicating. The cells produced by meiosis during gamete formation are not genetically identical because meiosis results in genetically different haploid cells that combine to form a genetically unique zygote.
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Study guide for cells and cell reproduction test
- 1. STUDY GUIDE FOR CELLS AND CELL REPRODUCTION TEST<br />Know these words/terms and how they are significant (important) for the study of the cell:<br />Cell <br />What are the functions of the cell organelles?<br />Cell vocabulary terms<br />Edible cell terms<br />Difference and similarities between plant and animal cells<br />Diffusion<br />Passive transport<br />Osmosis<br />Hypotonic<br />Hypertonic<br />Isotonic<br />Why do cells divide?<br />Life cycle<br />Mitosis and events in mitosis<br />Interphase<br />3 stages of interphase<br />Prophase<br />Metaphase<br />Anaphase<br />Telophase<br />Cytokinesis<br />Asexual reproduction<br />Advantages and disadvantages<br />Budding<br />Regeneration <br />Parthenogenesis <br />Sexual reproduction<br />Advantages and disadvantages <br />Chromosomes<br />Egg cell<br />Sperm cell <br />Fertilization<br />Zygote <br />Meiosis and events in meiosis<br />Meiosis I <br />Meiosis II<br />DNA <br />Mutation <br />Photosynthesis<br />Cellular respiration<br />