Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard database language for creating, maintaining, and retrieving relational databases. Originating from IBM in the 1970s, SQL became a standard in the late 1980s and is known for its simplicity, enabling users to perform data manipulation and control. SQL consists of various components including Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL) for managing database operations.

1. Structured Query
Language

2. What is
Structured
Query
Language
Structured Query Language is a standard Database
language which is used to create, maintain and retrieve the
relational database.
What is Relational Database?
Relational database means the data is stored as well as
retrieved in the form of relations (tables).

3. History Of
SQL
 the original version of SQL called SEQUEL
(structured English query language) was designed by
an IBM research center in 1974 and 1975. SQL was first
introduced as a commercial database system in 1979 by
Oracle Corporation.
 SQL became a standard of the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in
1987

4. Why SQL?
 SQL is very simple and easy to learn
 Allows users to access data in the relational database
management systems.
 Allows users to describe the data.
 Allows users to define the data in a database and
manipulate that data.
 Allows to embed within other languages using SQL
modules, libraries & pre-compilers.
 Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.
 Allows users to set permissions on tables and views.

5. Several Parts
Of SQL
 DDL (Data Definition Language)
 DML (Data Manipulation Language)
 DCL (Data Control Language)
 TCL (Transaction Control Language)

6. DDL: Data
Definition
Language
 Data Definition Language is used to define the database
structure or schema. DDL is also used to specify
additional properties of the data.
 This includes changes to the structure of the table like
creation of table or database , altering table, deleting a
table , truncate table or rename a table etc.

7. DML: Data
Manipulatio
n Language
DML deals with data manipulation, and includes most
common SQL statements such SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE,
DELETE and it is used to store, modify, retrieve, delete and
update data in database

8. DCL: Data
Control
Language
Data control language are the commands to grant and take
back authority from any database user.

9. TCL:
Transaction
Control
Language
Transaction Control Language(TCL) commands are used to
manage transactions in the database. These are used to
manage the changes made to the data in a table by DML
statements. It also allows statements to be grouped
together into logical transactions.

10. Roles of SQL
 SQL retrieves data from the database.
 It can be used along with programming language to
access data from database. It is a database
programming language.
 It can be used to monitor and control data access by
various users. It is a database administration language.
 It can be used as an Internet data access language.