1. Stein, P., & Newfield, D. (2006). Multiliteracies and multimodality in English in education in Africa:
mapping the terrain. English Studies in Africa, 49(1), 1-21.
How do we define ‘literacy’? Autonomous vs. ideologically
Insisting on labeling ‘literacy’ as traditional ability to read and write is not
‘value free’ and pressures, limits, suppresses and conforms students to a
dominant ideology. Reductionist approach. disempowers
“The contrast… between an autonomous and ideological view of literacy
illustrates that the way literacy is defined will determine the way it is taught
and valued. However, students continue to feel as if they are not connecting
to literacy practices in school because teaching continues to position
academic literacy practices as “conventional” (p26).
Cultural differences