Steam injection
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(1) Steam injection adalah salah satu metode eksploitasi minyak berat yang paling umum, yang bertujuan mengurangi viskositas minyak di reservoir melalui pemanasan. (2) Dua metode utama steam injection adalah Cyclic Steam Stimulation dan Steam Flooding. (3) Cyclic Steam Stimulation terdiri dari tahapan injeksi uap, penggenangan, dan produksi yang diulang berkali-kali.
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Institut Kemahiran Belia Negara Dusun Tua menyediakan teori tentang penyaman udara domestik dan industri. Dokumen ini menjelaskan asas penyamanan udara, eksperimen awal yang menggunakan alkohol, komponen utama sistem penyaman udara seperti kompresor dan penyejat, serta jenis dan masalah yang biasa dihadapi pada penyaman udara. Dokumen ini juga memberikan soalan latihan tentang penyaman udara.
Similar to Steam injection (20)
Teori asas penyaman udara by Muhrif IKBN DT Selangor. Malaysia
Teori asas penyaman udara by Muhrif IKBN DT Selangor. Malaysia
Steam injection
- 1. Heavy Oil Explotitation: Steam Injection Radhitya Perdhana
- 2. • Steam injection adalah salah satu metode yang paling umum dilakukan untuk eksploitasi heavy crude oil. • Metode ini termasuk dalam metode thermal recovery yang tujuannya adalah untuk mengurangi viskositas minyak di dalam reservoir. • Dua metode utama steam injection adalah Cyclic Steam Stimulation dan Steam Flooding
- 3. • Keuntungan utama steam injection adalah dapat diterapkan diterapkan di berbagai jenis reservoir. • Dua faktor pembatasnya adalah: kedalaman (kurang dari 5000ft) dan ketebalan reservoir (lebih dari 10ft) • Batas kedalaman berkaitan dengan tekanan kritis steam (+3202 psi) dan ketebalan berkaitan dengan heat loss kearah base dan cap-rock
- 5. Steam Generating • Steam adalah istilah teknis untuk uap air. • Ketika air dipanaskan pada tekanan konstan, ia akan mencapai suhu maksimum yang disebut saturation temperature • Jika terus dipanaskan dan tekanannya dijaga konstan, maka suhu tidak akan berubah hingga air berubah fase semuanya menjadi uap. • Kalor yang dibutuhkan untuk mengubah air menjadi uap disebut enthalpy of vaporization
- 6. Kualitas steam (fraksi air yang akan diubah menjadi uap) dapat dikontrol dengan mengatur entalpinya.
- 8. Steam Injection Method: Cyclic Steam Stimulation • The most widely used steam injection methods for heavy oil • Dikenal juga dengan nama “Huff and Puff”. • Terdiri dari 3 tahapan: injection, soaking, and production.
- 9. Cyclic Steam Stimulation: The Mechanism • Steam is injected into a well at a high rate and high pressure for short time (10 days to one month). • Following the well may be shut in for a few days “soaking period” for heat distribution. After that, the well is allowed to flow for about 6-12 months. • When production rate decrease to the minimum economic rate, the whole cycle is repeated. • In some operations in California, more than 20 cycles have been conducted. • The ultimate oil recovery by cyclic steaming could be in excess of 20% as reported by ESSO or could be much lower.
- 12. Steam Injection Method: Steam Flooding • “Steam flooding”, “steam drive”, or “steam displacement” is an important heavy oil recovery method. • It has been shown to be effective in low viscosity oil formation. • The main effects present in steam flooding are the oil viscosity reduction and its thermal expansion.
- 13. Steam Flooding: The Mechanism • Consider a five-spot pattern, consisting of a centre steam injector and four corner producer • As steam is injected into the centre well, an expanding “steam zone” is formed. • The hot condensate leaving the steam zone creates a hot waterflood effect ahead of the steam zone. • Finally, as the condensate cools down to the formation temperature, it gives rise to a cold waterflood. • The steam drive process consists of a steam zone, a hot waterflood zone and a cold waterflood in the remaining pattern volume.