Financial security has always been, is and will be the most painful topic for those who do not have their own funds. This applies to absolutely all sectors of the economy, all industries, all countries. When it comes to large-scale projects, including bridge construction, for Ukrainian realities it becomes a real test. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic challenges, the problem of financial security is particularly acute, especially when it comes to poor regions that are unable to selffinance themselves and survive only on state financial support. Therefore, this section considers the problem of distribution of state financial support on the basis of the integrated approach. The answer to the research question is given: «What components should be included in the methodology for determining state financial support.» The comprehensive method for determining the share of public funds, which takes into account the investment attractiveness of the region and its risk, is proposed. Since the problem of financing the construction and reconstruction of bridges is relevant for a number of countries, this technique was tested on the example of bridge construction. According to the results obtained, the state financial support includes territorial units that are not leaders in priority for an investor and have a high level of risk in investing funds. The integrated approach allowed to identify 10 territorial centers for funding, with the areas with the worst priority indicators receiving the largest share of financial state support.
This document discusses water sector reform and implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM) in the Awash River Basin in Ethiopia. It outlines the goal of establishing good water governance through improving cooperation, knowledge sharing, and capacity building. It discusses how Ethiopia adopted IWRM principles in water policies and established organizations like river basin authorities. However, it argues the goal of good governance has not been achieved due to a lack of awareness of policies, the capabilities of river basin organizations, and insufficient institutional support.
The current federal transportation funding system is failing and on its last leg due to flawed economic assumptions and road-focused design. While some local and regional organizations are implementing sustainable development patterns, there remains a disconnect between these practices and federal funding policies. The document proposes increasing competitive federal funding that is allocated based on livability outcomes and support for sustainable development patterns within a regional context.
This document summarizes academic debates around the impact of infrastructure investment on economic growth. Key points:
- There is consensus that infrastructure investment positively impacts growth, but estimates of how much it impacts growth vary widely. Estimates of infrastructure's elasticity on GDP range from 0.08% to over 2.5% depending on the region, sector, and time period studied.
- The impact of infrastructure likely depends on a country's development stage, with less developed countries seeing larger impacts. Investments in large, cross-border energy and transport projects may have significant impacts even in developed economies.
- Studies covering longer time periods are more likely to find positive impacts, as infrastructure benefits materialize slowly over time.
Analysis of the Main Threats to the System of Sustainable Development and Pla...Igor Britchenko
The main purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the main threats to the system of sustainable development and planning of the region in terms of ensuring the economic security of the state. To do this, we applied a methodology that allows us to establish the dependence and connection between threats and to determine the level structure of measures to counter the negative impact of these threats on a particular region. The relevance of the study is given by the fact that the regions of Europe today are also suffering from military actions on the territory of Ukraine. As a result of the study, a multi-level matrix of the hierarchy of the negative impact of threats on the system of sustainable development and planning of the region was formed in the context of ensuring the economic security of the state. The use of this matrix is a relatively new and more effective way to determine the measure of the impact of certain phenomena. The study has limitations and they concern the selection of only one region therefore further research needs to expand and apply our matrix to more regions.
Sustainable Urban Transport Planning Considering Different Stakeholder Groups...BME
Sustainable urban transport requires smart and environmentally-friendly technical solutions. It also needs to meet the demands of different user groups, including current and potential future users, in order to avoid opposition of the citizens and to support sustainable development decisions. While these requirements are well-known, conducting full surveys of user needs and preferences are tedious and costly, and the interests of different user groups may be contradictory. We therefore developed a methodology based on the prevalent Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is capable of dealing with the inconsistencies and uncertainties of users’ responses by applying an Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) through comparing the results of passengers to reference stakeholder groups. For a case study in Mersin, a coastal city in southern Turkey with 1.7 Million inhabitants, three groups were surveyed with questionnaires: 40 users of the public transport system, 40 non-users, and 17 experts. Based on interval pairwise comparison matrices, consisting of whole judgments of all groups, the IAHP methodology could attain a consensual preference ranking for a future public transportation system between the three groups. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the factor ranking was very stable.
Devising a procedure of state financial protectionism in the agricultural ind...Igor Britchenko
This paper considers the issue of state financial protectionism of the agricultural industry in the context of regionalization. A comprehensive methodology of state financial protectionism of the agricultural industry in the context of regionalization has been proposed, taking into consideration IPR and the value of the agricultural industry in a region. Based on statistical data on the indicators of investment attractiveness of the region (IAR) and the value of the agricultural industry in a region, regions for financing were determined. The problem of determining the fate of state financial protectionism for the agricultural industry in the context of regionalization has been stated and solved. The proposed methodology was tested by an experimental method.
It is proposed that the state financial protectionism in the context of regionalization should include budget (investment) financial injections based on the investment attractiveness of a region and the value of the agricultural industry in the region, which are directed to the agricultural sector, in order to support it.
The calculation results show that the distribution of financial resources with the available amount of public finances S=1 allocated for support is carried out proportionally. The comprehensive approach has made it possible to identify four regions for financing, and those are the regions that have the greatest value in the agricultural industry.
Practical value is for management bodies (local, territorial, etc.) in the distribution of funds according to the vector of protectionism of the agricultural industry. The theoretical value is for researchers dealing with financial support, state protectionism, and public administration.
In the current paper, sustainability assessment framework was designed using a set of multidimensional indicators to assess and monitor eight community-based water projects in four different states in Sudan. The assessment framework consisted of site visits, a systematic secondary information collection, and analysis (SSICA) approach and documents reviews. The sustainability scores were calculated based on weighted sub-indicators analysis system. The study revealed that 40% of the implemented water projects were fairly sustainable although they are considered as young projects (1-4 years age projects). This weak sustainability was mostly related to the poor organizational and financial performance due to poor post-implementation governmental and/or external agencies involvement and support in terms of monitoring, capacity building facilities, and financial support. There is a strong need to develop post implementation stratigies and models and mechanisms to backup community-based water projects technically as well as financially to assure the sustainability and verify the project implementation goals.
This document discusses water sector reform and implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM) in the Awash River Basin in Ethiopia. It outlines the goal of establishing good water governance through improving cooperation, knowledge sharing, and capacity building. It discusses how Ethiopia adopted IWRM principles in water policies and established organizations like river basin authorities. However, it argues the goal of good governance has not been achieved due to a lack of awareness of policies, the capabilities of river basin organizations, and insufficient institutional support.
The current federal transportation funding system is failing and on its last leg due to flawed economic assumptions and road-focused design. While some local and regional organizations are implementing sustainable development patterns, there remains a disconnect between these practices and federal funding policies. The document proposes increasing competitive federal funding that is allocated based on livability outcomes and support for sustainable development patterns within a regional context.
This document summarizes academic debates around the impact of infrastructure investment on economic growth. Key points:
- There is consensus that infrastructure investment positively impacts growth, but estimates of how much it impacts growth vary widely. Estimates of infrastructure's elasticity on GDP range from 0.08% to over 2.5% depending on the region, sector, and time period studied.
- The impact of infrastructure likely depends on a country's development stage, with less developed countries seeing larger impacts. Investments in large, cross-border energy and transport projects may have significant impacts even in developed economies.
- Studies covering longer time periods are more likely to find positive impacts, as infrastructure benefits materialize slowly over time.
Analysis of the Main Threats to the System of Sustainable Development and Pla...Igor Britchenko
The main purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the main threats to the system of sustainable development and planning of the region in terms of ensuring the economic security of the state. To do this, we applied a methodology that allows us to establish the dependence and connection between threats and to determine the level structure of measures to counter the negative impact of these threats on a particular region. The relevance of the study is given by the fact that the regions of Europe today are also suffering from military actions on the territory of Ukraine. As a result of the study, a multi-level matrix of the hierarchy of the negative impact of threats on the system of sustainable development and planning of the region was formed in the context of ensuring the economic security of the state. The use of this matrix is a relatively new and more effective way to determine the measure of the impact of certain phenomena. The study has limitations and they concern the selection of only one region therefore further research needs to expand and apply our matrix to more regions.
Sustainable Urban Transport Planning Considering Different Stakeholder Groups...BME
Sustainable urban transport requires smart and environmentally-friendly technical solutions. It also needs to meet the demands of different user groups, including current and potential future users, in order to avoid opposition of the citizens and to support sustainable development decisions. While these requirements are well-known, conducting full surveys of user needs and preferences are tedious and costly, and the interests of different user groups may be contradictory. We therefore developed a methodology based on the prevalent Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is capable of dealing with the inconsistencies and uncertainties of users’ responses by applying an Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) through comparing the results of passengers to reference stakeholder groups. For a case study in Mersin, a coastal city in southern Turkey with 1.7 Million inhabitants, three groups were surveyed with questionnaires: 40 users of the public transport system, 40 non-users, and 17 experts. Based on interval pairwise comparison matrices, consisting of whole judgments of all groups, the IAHP methodology could attain a consensual preference ranking for a future public transportation system between the three groups. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the factor ranking was very stable.
Devising a procedure of state financial protectionism in the agricultural ind...Igor Britchenko
This paper considers the issue of state financial protectionism of the agricultural industry in the context of regionalization. A comprehensive methodology of state financial protectionism of the agricultural industry in the context of regionalization has been proposed, taking into consideration IPR and the value of the agricultural industry in a region. Based on statistical data on the indicators of investment attractiveness of the region (IAR) and the value of the agricultural industry in a region, regions for financing were determined. The problem of determining the fate of state financial protectionism for the agricultural industry in the context of regionalization has been stated and solved. The proposed methodology was tested by an experimental method.
It is proposed that the state financial protectionism in the context of regionalization should include budget (investment) financial injections based on the investment attractiveness of a region and the value of the agricultural industry in the region, which are directed to the agricultural sector, in order to support it.
The calculation results show that the distribution of financial resources with the available amount of public finances S=1 allocated for support is carried out proportionally. The comprehensive approach has made it possible to identify four regions for financing, and those are the regions that have the greatest value in the agricultural industry.
Practical value is for management bodies (local, territorial, etc.) in the distribution of funds according to the vector of protectionism of the agricultural industry. The theoretical value is for researchers dealing with financial support, state protectionism, and public administration.
In the current paper, sustainability assessment framework was designed using a set of multidimensional indicators to assess and monitor eight community-based water projects in four different states in Sudan. The assessment framework consisted of site visits, a systematic secondary information collection, and analysis (SSICA) approach and documents reviews. The sustainability scores were calculated based on weighted sub-indicators analysis system. The study revealed that 40% of the implemented water projects were fairly sustainable although they are considered as young projects (1-4 years age projects). This weak sustainability was mostly related to the poor organizational and financial performance due to poor post-implementation governmental and/or external agencies involvement and support in terms of monitoring, capacity building facilities, and financial support. There is a strong need to develop post implementation stratigies and models and mechanisms to backup community-based water projects technically as well as financially to assure the sustainability and verify the project implementation goals.
Utilization of Underground Space for Efficiency of Urban Railway Infrastructu...IJSRED
1) Rapid urbanization in Asian countries including Indonesia has increased the population in urban areas, exacerbating issues like congestion and lack of adequate transportation infrastructure.
2) Developing underground railway infrastructure can help address land acquisition challenges on the ground surface and allow for more efficient transportation system development with predictable costs and timelines.
3) While existing laws support underground railway development, further regulation is needed to clarify land rights and compensation for development below the earth's surface.
The document provides an overview of transportation engineering as a field. It discusses how transportation fulfills basic human needs of mobility and movement of goods. Transportation systems are diverse, covering multiple modes, sectors, problems and objectives. They are studied from a systems perspective considering all elements and movements. The major disciplines within transportation engineering are planning, geometric design, pavement design, and traffic engineering. Other important areas include public transportation, economic and financial analysis, environmental impact assessment, accident analysis, and intelligent transportation systems.
Impact of road extension project on the residents of ktmNabin Bhattarai
This report is the study of the impacts of road extension project on the residents of Kathmandu valley. The project was initiated by former prime minister Dr. Baburam Bhattarai. the project tremendously affected the living condition of people.
API CollegeSBM 1101 & 1102 &1201Project Fundamentals 1,.docxjustine1simpson78276
API College
SBM <1101 & 1102 &1201>
<Project Fundamentals 1,2, 3>
Improving the public transportation system
in Hanoi, Vietnam
Team Member Names:
201403459 thu ha nguyen
201501355 aiai chen
20 September 2015
SBM <1201> <Improving the public transportation system in Hanoi, Vietnam> Page 2
Table of Contents
1 Project title 3
2 Introduction 3
3 Project Information 3
3.1 Project background 3
3.2 SWOT Project Analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) 4
3.3 Scope statement 4
3.4 Objectives, assumptions and perceived constraints 5
3.5 Expected outcomes/benefits 5
3.6 Expected outputs and application 6
3.7 SBM1201: High level WBS (project phases) 7
3.8 SBM1201: High level project timeline 8
3.9 Success criteria 9
4 Literature Review 9
4.1 Strategic Intent&Business Case&Framework and Governance 9
4.2 Stakeholders, communication and integration management 11
4.3 Scope management 12
4.4 Time management 13
4.5 Cost Management 13
5 Project Planning and Methodology 14
5.1 The strategies to ensure the project is business case driven/proper integration management 14
5.2 The strategies for the management of Human Resources, communication and Stakeholder Management Teams Management 15
5.3 The strategies for the management of Project Scope, Time and Cost 17
5.4 Change management approach 17
6 Summary 19
7 Bibliography 20
Project title
Improving the public transportation system in Hanoi, VietnamIntroduction
The aim of this project is to improve public transportation system and upgrade existing public infrastructure in Hanoi, Vietnam. Traffic issue has becoming the worst problem for a long period of time. By experiencing fast growth in national as well as local economic development, demands for public transport increasing as expected; whereas local residents and road users are apparently not satisfied with current poor transpiration system. Therefore, actions should be done and improvement project is required.
This report will outline details of the project, how it will be managed and the measures to ensure its success. Objectives with assumptions and constrains of this project are identified. Following by the expected benefits and outcomes of this project. SWOT analysis regarding on the project’s strength, weakness, opportunity and threat is also demonstrated within this report. Beside, the report will also provides a high level of Work Breakdown Structure and timeline of the project.
The last section are based on literature review on several aspects, include strategic intent, business case and framework and governance. In addition, the major focuses on literature review are basically about Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). The main knowledge areas examined in this report are stakeholders, human resources, communication, integration, scope, time and cost management.
Project Information
Project background
Hanoi, as the capital city of Vietnam is facing the most pressing problem: transportation. The most obvio.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR URBAN RENEWAL PROJECTSShashank Arun
Urban renewal is done to meet the increasing need of infrastructural services in the urban agglomeration due to increasing population (city population & migration). The areas comes under urban renewal are,
Up-gradation of existing infrastructure.
Decongestion of dense urban zones (old city areas).
Providing basic amenities to the citizens (urban poor).
When we say ‘infrastructure’, it does mean the services provided for the better living, basic framework for economic growth, facilities designed for public gatherings, transportation within city etc.
To identify these projects is one part & to execute them is the other. Management of the urban renewal project is different that from normal building projects as they are large in size & scale, they affect not only the people living in the vicinity but also the users. If they are not completed in time, then may increase problem of the users.
The document provides an executive summary of an International Advisory Group's report on the social and environmental impacts of the proposed Nam Theun 2 hydropower project in Lao PDR. Some key points:
1. The project involves significant social and environmental risks but also opportunities for development and conservation if properly managed.
2. On balance, the group believes the development and environmental benefits outweigh the negatives, and the project should proceed to further appraisal if found economically viable.
3. Successful mitigation of social impacts is key, including sensitive resettlement and improved livelihoods. Environmental impacts can be offset by conservation of the biodiversity-rich NBCA area.
4. Proper integration of social
This course provides a comprehensive examination of project finance techniques and case studies. Students will analyze 12 case studies in teams and individually that illustrate how project finance is used to fund infrastructure and other capital-intensive projects globally. Topics include the perspectives of lenders and investors, political and commercial risk mitigation, and the role of multilateral development banks and Islamic finance. Students will be evaluated based on a team case presentation, three individual written case analyses, and a final exam focusing on course concepts and readings.
The document discusses development plans for towns and cities. It explains that a development plan is an ideal plan showing the full future development of a town. The objectives of a development plan are to arrange the town's pattern to satisfy present and future needs, restrict haphazard growth, and bring harmony between groups. Data collected and drawings prepared for the plan must show land use, transportation, utilities and standards for amenities. The plan undergoes stages of preparation including public feedback before legal approval and execution by local authorities.
AITPM 2013 National Conference paper - Alex IljinAlex Iljin
The document discusses guidance for preparing successful submissions to Infrastructure Australia (IA) based on case studies. It summarizes IA's focus on three transport themes: competitive international gateways, a national freight network, and transforming cities. Case studies discussed include integrated land use and transport strategies for Perth's southwest region and Adelaide's South Road corridor upgrade, as well as a transit study for Canberra, relating to the themes. Common lessons are understanding what IA seeks, defining problems to be solved, and providing evidence of problems addressed by proposed projects.
According to the results of the Russian Finance Ministry assessment of the quality of
financial management of the managers of the federal budget, including process and
outcome indicators of financial activity as part of the state programs « Education
Development », « Science and Technology Development», the Ministry of Education and
Science of the Russian Federation in 2017 occupied the 26th place.
The relatively low financial and managerial statements of the Ministry of Education
and Science of the Russian Federation activity concerning government program funding
are caused by deficiencies in methods and tools for managing budget expenditures, and
it is proved by Russian Audit Chamber’s findings concerning the ineffectiveness of
financial expenditures in the «5-100» project.
In this way the relevance of the research theme is due to need for theoretical
development of the conceptual construct, modifying the model of organizational and
financial clearing for subsidizing government programs, adapting the algorithm for
applying social bonds to the education and science sectors of the Russian Federation,
justifying new methodological approaches and practical recommendations for developing
the system for financing government programs in the domain of education and science.
Relationship between ethics and politics: an issue of a short vision on road ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The public works sector undoubtedly contributes to the economic development of the country.
This sector is unfortunately damaged and destroyed by local populations for various reasons. This study was
conducted in two regions which are the region of Diana and that of Sofia with the objective of identifying the
sources of degradation of road infrastructure. The methods consist of: (i) developing questionnaires on
politicians concerned by these two regions and the neighboring populations of these infrastructures and (ii)
carrying out statistical analyzes of the data using the analysis of variances. The majorities of the people
surveyed are the district heads and the regional directors, who represent 35% each. The causes of the
degradation of road infrastructure are significantly higher for non-compliance with load, lack of awareness and
nozzle theft. The Measures taken into account for the fight against the degradation of road infrastructure are
significantly higher for law enforcement, program exit, public awareness, rain barriers and adequate sanitation.
These infrastructures constitute sources of income for certain populations and also for the Malagasy State, from
which they deserve to be maintained and protected.
Keywords : ethics, politics, issue, infrastructure, Madagascar
Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasuresIJERA Editor
With the economic development of China's large and medium-sized cities and city scale expands unceasingly, city
traffic congestion problem is also growing, has become a bottleneck hindering the development of the city further.
At present, governance urban traffic problem is the first strategic task of traffic congestion. Congestion,
maximizing efficiency, convenient travel is to be solved.
The 21st Century Chinese Maritime Silk Road-Impacts on CambodiaMORM KULKITYA
This document provides a research report on the impacts of China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative on Cambodia. It includes an abstract, 6 chapters, and references. The chapters analyze opportunities and threats in Cambodia's economy, security/defense, and politics/diplomacy. Some key opportunities identified are increased Chinese investment and trade facilitating Cambodia's economic growth. However, threats include risks of overdependence on China and lack of economic autonomy. The conclusion examines both opportunities and threats across the different areas. The document utilizes interviews and secondary sources to conduct its qualitative analysis.
This paper seeks to disaggregate concerns about energy security within the wider European neighborhood from the nation-state to the household, and particularly to poor households in the transition and developing economies of the former Soviet Union. It argues that two decades of under-investment in Soviet-era energy, water, and communal service infrastructures threaten significant reductions in access to these services in the poorer countries of this region, particularly Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. These problems are manifesting themselves both in terms of growing physical restrictions on access to energy, water, and communal service networks in these countries, and in terms of rapid growth in tariffs for these services which could price some vulnerable households "out of the market". The paper also suggests that these problems are apparent to various degrees in a number of other former Soviet republics, and that the impact of the global economic crisis is likely to exacerbate these problems. By calling attention to growing household vulnerability to energy and water insecurities, particularly in Central Asia, the paper seeks to bring an economic development perspective to bear on energy policy debates in the wider European region.
Authored by: Ben Slay
Published in 2009
Although Russia’s unprovoked attack on Ukraine is still ongoing and the scope of the resulting destruction is as of now difficult to predict, discussions regarding Ukraine’s post-war recovery have already begun.
The Ukrainian government will soon be swamped by a myriad of suggestions and blueprints of how to navigate best the challenge of rebuilding the country. At Kyiv-based Adamant Capital, we aim to add to these discussions in two main ways. First, in part one, to highlight the key pitfalls that any reconstruction approach that is adopted will face and our suggestions on how to address them. We identify these to be (1) poor strategic planning and coordination, (2) inadequate controls over spending and execution, and (3) failing to carve a path for post-program sustainable growth. Second, in part two, we strive to propose ways in which frameworks that target economic growth can be expanded to align them with a more people-centric long-term goal that will address Ukraine’s demographic challenges that the war has significantly exacerbated.
Full text in Ukrainian (PDF): https://bit.ly/ukraine_recovery_ukr
Full text in English (PDF): https://bit.ly/ukraine_recovery_eng
A CLIOS Analysis For The Promotion Of Sustainable Plans Of Mobility The Case...Michelle Shaw
This document discusses sustainable urban mobility plans and their importance for shaping economic health and quality of life in cities. It focuses on applying a complex large-scale integrated open systems (CLIOS) analysis to help implement Mexico City's Sustainable Mobility Plan. The analysis identifies the complex relationships between Mexico City's essential urban systems and assesses the effectiveness of the plan's public policies and strategies, organizing them by importance. The results show which subsystems should be prioritized and which public policies and strategies are most important for effectively implementing the sustainable mobility plan.
1) Moscow has the potential to develop from a regional financial center into an international financial center. This would bring several economic benefits including attracting international capital, expanding access to financing for Russian companies, and increasing innovation.
2) A key advantage Moscow has is its concentration of capital from former Soviet republics and Central/Eastern Europe. However, to become a true international financial center, Moscow will need to improve in areas like its human capital/workforce.
3) For the Bank of Moscow to take advantage of Moscow's development as a financial center, it should focus on cultivating human capital through initiatives to increase financial literacy and build trust in financial institutions. This includes educational programs and improving customers' experience with banking services
Economic impact of inland waterways TransportEmad Logistics
This document discusses the economic impact of inland waterway transport. It begins with an abstract noting that waterways are underutilized while road and rail traffic is increasing, leading to problems like pollution, congestion, and high fuel costs. The document then provides a table of contents and lists abbreviations. It goes on to discuss the research problem and questions, which focus on quantifying the economic benefits of using inland waterways more. The document finds that inland water transport is very cost-effective compared to road and rail, and that greater utilization of waterways could save on transportation costs and reduce environmental impacts.
Financing Water Management Efthymia Fachouridou and Robert van Cleef WAGO 04 ...Efthymia Fachouridou
1) The document discusses a study that applied a Financing Assessment Tool (FAT) to evaluate the water financing systems in the UK, Serbia, and Colombia and examine the relationship between water financing and flooding incidents.
2) The study found that respondents in all three countries recognized a clear connection between the destructive impacts of floods and weaknesses in the countries' water financing systems, particularly regarding issues of sufficiency and stability of funding.
3) Respondents suggested improvements like better implementing existing legal frameworks and financing plans, improving efficiency of current spending, and increasing funds through greater private sector contributions.
Financial and Economic Tools of Project Management in Public SectorIgor Britchenko
The article examines the introduction of project management as a result of the implementation of administrative reforms in modern states based on the management paradigm of New Public Management and New Public Governance. Based on both experts’ opinions and a number of cases from different counties, it is shown that the development of such elements of new public management as focus on achieving results, monitoring of quantitative and qualitative performance indicators, budget savings, creative organizational culture, became possible thanks to a set of economic and strategic tools that characterize project management, especially PMBoK. The expediency of a large-scale transition to professional management of public projects through the use of the generally recognized PMBoK standard, as well as the “living” Agile project methodology, is substantiated.
Financial Capacity of Insurance Companies as a Factor of Stable Development o...Igor Britchenko
The relevance of the article is based on an in-depth study of the financial potential of insurers and its impact on the insurance market, which provides valuable information for the stakeholders of the insurance industry. Therefore, this study aims to determine approaches to revealing the essence of the financial capacity of insurers, based on the scientific tools of financial science. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of the dynamics of liabilities (raised and borrowed funds) and equity capital of insurers and the relationship between them, which enables a comprehensive look at the impact of these indicators on the development of insurance market and internal and external factors that have both an objective and subjective impact on the financial capacity of insurers and the insurance market. The article defines the stages and methodology of assessing the financial condition of insurers. In particular, the normative method, the comparative method, the static method, the formal-logical method, the economic-mathematical method, the method of analysis and synthesis became the leading research methods. These assessment methods are crucial for the timely determination of the current state of financial capacity and its potential. Using a multivariate correlation-regression model, the authors demonstrate the importance of various components of financial capacity. The presented results will be useful to various stakeholders in the insurance industry as they provide a deeper understanding of their financial strength, including the dynamics of liabilities, equity and leveraged funds. First of all, it was established that financial resources are the basis of financial capacity. Secondly, the definition of the insurance company's financial resources as a source and component of the company's functioning is formulated. Thirdly, it is shown that the insurer's financial capacity is logically dependent on its investment capacity, which is determined by the amount of financial resources. It was also determined that financial capacity is a dynamic quantity and is manifested only in the process of its use and ideally should be accompanied by its growth. Among them, it was proved that the main components that significantly affect the formation of the financial potential of insurers and the growth of the insurance market of Ukraine are insurance reserves and authorized capital. These conclusions can easily become the basis for the formation of further state insurance policy, which will be followed through legislative reforms, increased competition in the insurance market and will result in an increase in the level of trust among the population.
More Related Content
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Utilization of Underground Space for Efficiency of Urban Railway Infrastructu...IJSRED
1) Rapid urbanization in Asian countries including Indonesia has increased the population in urban areas, exacerbating issues like congestion and lack of adequate transportation infrastructure.
2) Developing underground railway infrastructure can help address land acquisition challenges on the ground surface and allow for more efficient transportation system development with predictable costs and timelines.
3) While existing laws support underground railway development, further regulation is needed to clarify land rights and compensation for development below the earth's surface.
The document provides an overview of transportation engineering as a field. It discusses how transportation fulfills basic human needs of mobility and movement of goods. Transportation systems are diverse, covering multiple modes, sectors, problems and objectives. They are studied from a systems perspective considering all elements and movements. The major disciplines within transportation engineering are planning, geometric design, pavement design, and traffic engineering. Other important areas include public transportation, economic and financial analysis, environmental impact assessment, accident analysis, and intelligent transportation systems.
Impact of road extension project on the residents of ktmNabin Bhattarai
This report is the study of the impacts of road extension project on the residents of Kathmandu valley. The project was initiated by former prime minister Dr. Baburam Bhattarai. the project tremendously affected the living condition of people.
API CollegeSBM 1101 & 1102 &1201Project Fundamentals 1,.docxjustine1simpson78276
API College
SBM <1101 & 1102 &1201>
<Project Fundamentals 1,2, 3>
Improving the public transportation system
in Hanoi, Vietnam
Team Member Names:
201403459 thu ha nguyen
201501355 aiai chen
20 September 2015
SBM <1201> <Improving the public transportation system in Hanoi, Vietnam> Page 2
Table of Contents
1 Project title 3
2 Introduction 3
3 Project Information 3
3.1 Project background 3
3.2 SWOT Project Analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) 4
3.3 Scope statement 4
3.4 Objectives, assumptions and perceived constraints 5
3.5 Expected outcomes/benefits 5
3.6 Expected outputs and application 6
3.7 SBM1201: High level WBS (project phases) 7
3.8 SBM1201: High level project timeline 8
3.9 Success criteria 9
4 Literature Review 9
4.1 Strategic Intent&Business Case&Framework and Governance 9
4.2 Stakeholders, communication and integration management 11
4.3 Scope management 12
4.4 Time management 13
4.5 Cost Management 13
5 Project Planning and Methodology 14
5.1 The strategies to ensure the project is business case driven/proper integration management 14
5.2 The strategies for the management of Human Resources, communication and Stakeholder Management Teams Management 15
5.3 The strategies for the management of Project Scope, Time and Cost 17
5.4 Change management approach 17
6 Summary 19
7 Bibliography 20
Project title
Improving the public transportation system in Hanoi, VietnamIntroduction
The aim of this project is to improve public transportation system and upgrade existing public infrastructure in Hanoi, Vietnam. Traffic issue has becoming the worst problem for a long period of time. By experiencing fast growth in national as well as local economic development, demands for public transport increasing as expected; whereas local residents and road users are apparently not satisfied with current poor transpiration system. Therefore, actions should be done and improvement project is required.
This report will outline details of the project, how it will be managed and the measures to ensure its success. Objectives with assumptions and constrains of this project are identified. Following by the expected benefits and outcomes of this project. SWOT analysis regarding on the project’s strength, weakness, opportunity and threat is also demonstrated within this report. Beside, the report will also provides a high level of Work Breakdown Structure and timeline of the project.
The last section are based on literature review on several aspects, include strategic intent, business case and framework and governance. In addition, the major focuses on literature review are basically about Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). The main knowledge areas examined in this report are stakeholders, human resources, communication, integration, scope, time and cost management.
Project Information
Project background
Hanoi, as the capital city of Vietnam is facing the most pressing problem: transportation. The most obvio.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR URBAN RENEWAL PROJECTSShashank Arun
Urban renewal is done to meet the increasing need of infrastructural services in the urban agglomeration due to increasing population (city population & migration). The areas comes under urban renewal are,
Up-gradation of existing infrastructure.
Decongestion of dense urban zones (old city areas).
Providing basic amenities to the citizens (urban poor).
When we say ‘infrastructure’, it does mean the services provided for the better living, basic framework for economic growth, facilities designed for public gatherings, transportation within city etc.
To identify these projects is one part & to execute them is the other. Management of the urban renewal project is different that from normal building projects as they are large in size & scale, they affect not only the people living in the vicinity but also the users. If they are not completed in time, then may increase problem of the users.
The document provides an executive summary of an International Advisory Group's report on the social and environmental impacts of the proposed Nam Theun 2 hydropower project in Lao PDR. Some key points:
1. The project involves significant social and environmental risks but also opportunities for development and conservation if properly managed.
2. On balance, the group believes the development and environmental benefits outweigh the negatives, and the project should proceed to further appraisal if found economically viable.
3. Successful mitigation of social impacts is key, including sensitive resettlement and improved livelihoods. Environmental impacts can be offset by conservation of the biodiversity-rich NBCA area.
4. Proper integration of social
This course provides a comprehensive examination of project finance techniques and case studies. Students will analyze 12 case studies in teams and individually that illustrate how project finance is used to fund infrastructure and other capital-intensive projects globally. Topics include the perspectives of lenders and investors, political and commercial risk mitigation, and the role of multilateral development banks and Islamic finance. Students will be evaluated based on a team case presentation, three individual written case analyses, and a final exam focusing on course concepts and readings.
The document discusses development plans for towns and cities. It explains that a development plan is an ideal plan showing the full future development of a town. The objectives of a development plan are to arrange the town's pattern to satisfy present and future needs, restrict haphazard growth, and bring harmony between groups. Data collected and drawings prepared for the plan must show land use, transportation, utilities and standards for amenities. The plan undergoes stages of preparation including public feedback before legal approval and execution by local authorities.
AITPM 2013 National Conference paper - Alex IljinAlex Iljin
The document discusses guidance for preparing successful submissions to Infrastructure Australia (IA) based on case studies. It summarizes IA's focus on three transport themes: competitive international gateways, a national freight network, and transforming cities. Case studies discussed include integrated land use and transport strategies for Perth's southwest region and Adelaide's South Road corridor upgrade, as well as a transit study for Canberra, relating to the themes. Common lessons are understanding what IA seeks, defining problems to be solved, and providing evidence of problems addressed by proposed projects.
According to the results of the Russian Finance Ministry assessment of the quality of
financial management of the managers of the federal budget, including process and
outcome indicators of financial activity as part of the state programs « Education
Development », « Science and Technology Development», the Ministry of Education and
Science of the Russian Federation in 2017 occupied the 26th place.
The relatively low financial and managerial statements of the Ministry of Education
and Science of the Russian Federation activity concerning government program funding
are caused by deficiencies in methods and tools for managing budget expenditures, and
it is proved by Russian Audit Chamber’s findings concerning the ineffectiveness of
financial expenditures in the «5-100» project.
In this way the relevance of the research theme is due to need for theoretical
development of the conceptual construct, modifying the model of organizational and
financial clearing for subsidizing government programs, adapting the algorithm for
applying social bonds to the education and science sectors of the Russian Federation,
justifying new methodological approaches and practical recommendations for developing
the system for financing government programs in the domain of education and science.
Relationship between ethics and politics: an issue of a short vision on road ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The public works sector undoubtedly contributes to the economic development of the country.
This sector is unfortunately damaged and destroyed by local populations for various reasons. This study was
conducted in two regions which are the region of Diana and that of Sofia with the objective of identifying the
sources of degradation of road infrastructure. The methods consist of: (i) developing questionnaires on
politicians concerned by these two regions and the neighboring populations of these infrastructures and (ii)
carrying out statistical analyzes of the data using the analysis of variances. The majorities of the people
surveyed are the district heads and the regional directors, who represent 35% each. The causes of the
degradation of road infrastructure are significantly higher for non-compliance with load, lack of awareness and
nozzle theft. The Measures taken into account for the fight against the degradation of road infrastructure are
significantly higher for law enforcement, program exit, public awareness, rain barriers and adequate sanitation.
These infrastructures constitute sources of income for certain populations and also for the Malagasy State, from
which they deserve to be maintained and protected.
Keywords : ethics, politics, issue, infrastructure, Madagascar
Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasuresIJERA Editor
With the economic development of China's large and medium-sized cities and city scale expands unceasingly, city
traffic congestion problem is also growing, has become a bottleneck hindering the development of the city further.
At present, governance urban traffic problem is the first strategic task of traffic congestion. Congestion,
maximizing efficiency, convenient travel is to be solved.
The 21st Century Chinese Maritime Silk Road-Impacts on CambodiaMORM KULKITYA
This document provides a research report on the impacts of China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative on Cambodia. It includes an abstract, 6 chapters, and references. The chapters analyze opportunities and threats in Cambodia's economy, security/defense, and politics/diplomacy. Some key opportunities identified are increased Chinese investment and trade facilitating Cambodia's economic growth. However, threats include risks of overdependence on China and lack of economic autonomy. The conclusion examines both opportunities and threats across the different areas. The document utilizes interviews and secondary sources to conduct its qualitative analysis.
This paper seeks to disaggregate concerns about energy security within the wider European neighborhood from the nation-state to the household, and particularly to poor households in the transition and developing economies of the former Soviet Union. It argues that two decades of under-investment in Soviet-era energy, water, and communal service infrastructures threaten significant reductions in access to these services in the poorer countries of this region, particularly Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. These problems are manifesting themselves both in terms of growing physical restrictions on access to energy, water, and communal service networks in these countries, and in terms of rapid growth in tariffs for these services which could price some vulnerable households "out of the market". The paper also suggests that these problems are apparent to various degrees in a number of other former Soviet republics, and that the impact of the global economic crisis is likely to exacerbate these problems. By calling attention to growing household vulnerability to energy and water insecurities, particularly in Central Asia, the paper seeks to bring an economic development perspective to bear on energy policy debates in the wider European region.
Authored by: Ben Slay
Published in 2009
Although Russia’s unprovoked attack on Ukraine is still ongoing and the scope of the resulting destruction is as of now difficult to predict, discussions regarding Ukraine’s post-war recovery have already begun.
The Ukrainian government will soon be swamped by a myriad of suggestions and blueprints of how to navigate best the challenge of rebuilding the country. At Kyiv-based Adamant Capital, we aim to add to these discussions in two main ways. First, in part one, to highlight the key pitfalls that any reconstruction approach that is adopted will face and our suggestions on how to address them. We identify these to be (1) poor strategic planning and coordination, (2) inadequate controls over spending and execution, and (3) failing to carve a path for post-program sustainable growth. Second, in part two, we strive to propose ways in which frameworks that target economic growth can be expanded to align them with a more people-centric long-term goal that will address Ukraine’s demographic challenges that the war has significantly exacerbated.
Full text in Ukrainian (PDF): https://bit.ly/ukraine_recovery_ukr
Full text in English (PDF): https://bit.ly/ukraine_recovery_eng
A CLIOS Analysis For The Promotion Of Sustainable Plans Of Mobility The Case...Michelle Shaw
This document discusses sustainable urban mobility plans and their importance for shaping economic health and quality of life in cities. It focuses on applying a complex large-scale integrated open systems (CLIOS) analysis to help implement Mexico City's Sustainable Mobility Plan. The analysis identifies the complex relationships between Mexico City's essential urban systems and assesses the effectiveness of the plan's public policies and strategies, organizing them by importance. The results show which subsystems should be prioritized and which public policies and strategies are most important for effectively implementing the sustainable mobility plan.
1) Moscow has the potential to develop from a regional financial center into an international financial center. This would bring several economic benefits including attracting international capital, expanding access to financing for Russian companies, and increasing innovation.
2) A key advantage Moscow has is its concentration of capital from former Soviet republics and Central/Eastern Europe. However, to become a true international financial center, Moscow will need to improve in areas like its human capital/workforce.
3) For the Bank of Moscow to take advantage of Moscow's development as a financial center, it should focus on cultivating human capital through initiatives to increase financial literacy and build trust in financial institutions. This includes educational programs and improving customers' experience with banking services
Economic impact of inland waterways TransportEmad Logistics
This document discusses the economic impact of inland waterway transport. It begins with an abstract noting that waterways are underutilized while road and rail traffic is increasing, leading to problems like pollution, congestion, and high fuel costs. The document then provides a table of contents and lists abbreviations. It goes on to discuss the research problem and questions, which focus on quantifying the economic benefits of using inland waterways more. The document finds that inland water transport is very cost-effective compared to road and rail, and that greater utilization of waterways could save on transportation costs and reduce environmental impacts.
Financing Water Management Efthymia Fachouridou and Robert van Cleef WAGO 04 ...Efthymia Fachouridou
1) The document discusses a study that applied a Financing Assessment Tool (FAT) to evaluate the water financing systems in the UK, Serbia, and Colombia and examine the relationship between water financing and flooding incidents.
2) The study found that respondents in all three countries recognized a clear connection between the destructive impacts of floods and weaknesses in the countries' water financing systems, particularly regarding issues of sufficiency and stability of funding.
3) Respondents suggested improvements like better implementing existing legal frameworks and financing plans, improving efficiency of current spending, and increasing funds through greater private sector contributions.
Similar to State financial support for bridge construction of territorial units (20)
Financial and Economic Tools of Project Management in Public SectorIgor Britchenko
The article examines the introduction of project management as a result of the implementation of administrative reforms in modern states based on the management paradigm of New Public Management and New Public Governance. Based on both experts’ opinions and a number of cases from different counties, it is shown that the development of such elements of new public management as focus on achieving results, monitoring of quantitative and qualitative performance indicators, budget savings, creative organizational culture, became possible thanks to a set of economic and strategic tools that characterize project management, especially PMBoK. The expediency of a large-scale transition to professional management of public projects through the use of the generally recognized PMBoK standard, as well as the “living” Agile project methodology, is substantiated.
Financial Capacity of Insurance Companies as a Factor of Stable Development o...Igor Britchenko
The relevance of the article is based on an in-depth study of the financial potential of insurers and its impact on the insurance market, which provides valuable information for the stakeholders of the insurance industry. Therefore, this study aims to determine approaches to revealing the essence of the financial capacity of insurers, based on the scientific tools of financial science. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of the dynamics of liabilities (raised and borrowed funds) and equity capital of insurers and the relationship between them, which enables a comprehensive look at the impact of these indicators on the development of insurance market and internal and external factors that have both an objective and subjective impact on the financial capacity of insurers and the insurance market. The article defines the stages and methodology of assessing the financial condition of insurers. In particular, the normative method, the comparative method, the static method, the formal-logical method, the economic-mathematical method, the method of analysis and synthesis became the leading research methods. These assessment methods are crucial for the timely determination of the current state of financial capacity and its potential. Using a multivariate correlation-regression model, the authors demonstrate the importance of various components of financial capacity. The presented results will be useful to various stakeholders in the insurance industry as they provide a deeper understanding of their financial strength, including the dynamics of liabilities, equity and leveraged funds. First of all, it was established that financial resources are the basis of financial capacity. Secondly, the definition of the insurance company's financial resources as a source and component of the company's functioning is formulated. Thirdly, it is shown that the insurer's financial capacity is logically dependent on its investment capacity, which is determined by the amount of financial resources. It was also determined that financial capacity is a dynamic quantity and is manifested only in the process of its use and ideally should be accompanied by its growth. Among them, it was proved that the main components that significantly affect the formation of the financial potential of insurers and the growth of the insurance market of Ukraine are insurance reserves and authorized capital. These conclusions can easily become the basis for the formation of further state insurance policy, which will be followed through legislative reforms, increased competition in the insurance market and will result in an increase in the level of trust among the population.
Bogdan Kołcz, Mechanizmy bezpieczeństwa systemu przeciwdziałania poważnym awa...Igor Britchenko
Prezentowana monografia wskazuje na mechanizmy które powinny zapobiegać i ograniczać do minimum skutki poważnej awarii w odniesieniu do ludzi, środowiska, mienia poprzez dostosowanie uwarunkowań prawnych i organizacyjnych wobec podejmowanych czynności przez zakłady dużego ryzyka, organy administracji publicznej, podmioty ratownicze współdziałające w sytuacji awaryjnej.
W tym zakresie aby osiągnąć swój cel autor dokonał w procesie badawczym zderzenia dwóch najważniejszych systemów w tej kwestii funkcjonujących w Polsce, a mianowicie systemu przeciwdziałania poważnym awariom przemysłowym oraz krajowego systemu ratowniczo-gaśniczego. W badaniach empirycznych zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego wykorzystując technikę badania dokumentów w szczególności dokumentacji i analiz z ćwiczeń wewnętrznego planu operacyjno-ratowniczego oraz zewnętrznego planu operacyjno-ratowniczego dla określenia dotychczasowych działań i realizacji zadań nałożonych na zakłady dużego ryzyka i jednostki Państwowej Straży Pożarnej. Wykorzystano również technikę badania ankietowego wśród zespołów kierowania inżynieryjno-technicznego zakładów dużego ryzyka oraz funkcjonariuszy z jednostek Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w ramach których funkcjonuje specjalistyczna grupa ratownictwa chemiczno-ekologicznego.
W monografii problemem badawczym staje się potrzeba określenia, czy spełniane są wymagania formalnoprawne i organizacyjne w zakresie podejmowanych czynności zapobiegawczych i ograniczających skutki poważnej awarii oraz czy realizowane są efektywnie przez zespoły zakładowe we współdziałaniu z podmiotami ratowniczymi. Stosowne wdrożenie przepisów wykonawczych oraz elementów organizacyjnych do zakresu operacyjno-ratowniczego usprawni efektywność w działaniu zespołów zakładowych oraz podmiotów ratowniczych a tym samym zwiększy bezpieczeństwo w zakładach dużego ryzyka.
Economic and mathematical modeling of integration influence of information an...Igor Britchenko
This research aims at establishing the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on ecommerce development of industrial enterprises by means of economic and mathematical modelling. The goal was achieved using the following methods: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis (to critically analyse the scientific approaches of scientists regarding the expediency of using mathematical models in the context of enterprises’ e-commerce development), target, comparison and grouping (to reveal innovative methodological approach to assessing ICT impact on e-commerce development of industrial enterprises), tabular, analytical and integral method (for summarizing the analysis results of enterprises readiness to implement ICT, ICT use in the activities of industrial enterprises of Ukraine and the analysis of e-commerce development), mathematical modelling (to build a regression model determining impact of changes in ICT use on the market share occupied by industrial enterprises), generalization (to determine promising directions of e-commerce developing of industrial enterprises). The implementation of a comprehensive approach to understanding the importance of ICT influence on e-commerce development of industrial enterprises will ensure acceleration of the digitalization of business processes, will contribute to the speed increase of enterprises response to customer requests, and increase the market share occupied by enterprises. A new vision of directions for developing e-commerce of industrial enterprises is suggested, which are determined by the need for enterprise rebranding, the development of e-commerce tools and technologies, the importance of outsourcing service automation and promotion of subscription trade. ICT is considered as integration factor that determines prospects for e-commerce development of industrial enterprises and contributes to increasing efficiency of online business management. Research results demonstrate that the use of economic and mathematical modelling is an important tool for assessing ICT impact, and its absence can negatively affect the accuracy and validity of online business management.
Britchenko I., Chukurna O., Tardaskina T., Digital economy: Textbook. Sofia: ...Igor Britchenko
The textbook contains conceptual, methodological and methodological provisions for management in the digital economy. The replacement of the concept of the digital economy and the concept of management in the digital economy is open.
The development of cutting-edge technologies in management in the minds of the digital economy has been highlighted. Particular attention is paid to blockchain technology, dark calculations and great data (Big Data), as the basis for making decisions in the digital economy. Significant technologies for the development of artificial intelligence in various areas of business, e-commerce, management, marketing, finance and education. The fundamentals of information security management in the digital economy are reviewed. Provided diagrams, tables, rules for independent work.
For graduates and students of economic specialties, scientists.
Determinants of enterprise's financial security/Larysa Dokiienko, Nataliya Hr...Igor Britchenko
Our main purpose of the article was to substantiate the methodical approach to assess the enterprise's financial security based on the use of a model set for determining its parameters depending on the characteristics of financing activities and the associated level of risk. The proposed approach created opportunities to determine the parameters of the enterprise's financial security on the scale "level – status – position – zone" in the process of current and strategic management of not only financial security, but also the success of the enterprise as a whole. Based on the financial statements of Ukrainian enterprises by type of economic activity, the key financial indicators calculated and the parameters of their financial security over the past 9 years were determined. The research confirmed the decisive impact on the enterprise's financial security, the features of financing their activities, and the associated risk level. The practical use of the proposed approach proved that it is a convenient, understandable and informative tool for determining the parameters of the enterprise's financial security by the major indicators: Financial stability, liquidity, profitability, and activity financing risk.
Georgi Lyubenov Power and privileges in political history (XXX century BC – X...Igor Britchenko
The problem of the formation and development of privileges in politics in Bulgaria is not significantly different from what is happening with their evolution in Europe and worldwide. In this case, the only more substantive difference is that the privileges of power in Bulgaria began „anew“ for the simple reason that the country was liberated from Ottoman tyranny, after which the third Bulgarian state was established. That is to say, the emergence and consolidation of privileges took place immediately after the Liberation, as they found a place as an opportunity for institutionalization and regulation already in the texts of the Tarnovo Constitution (1879). Since then, the privileges of power have become an inevitable companion of political elites, who, depending on the nature of society (authoritarian, totalitarian, democratic), constantly consume one or other state benefits and advantages, legitimised in various normative documents. In this sense, and on the basis of historical development, we can conditionally divide the application of power privileges in Bulgaria into three main stages: the first – from the Liberation (1878) to 1946, or the so-called „capitalist stage“ of the primary and earliest development of this phenomenon (privileges); the second stage includes the „socialist“ nomenklatura privileges (1947 – 1989), which developed enormously in absolutely all spheres of society; and the third is the democratic, or modern, stage of the application of privilege (from 1990 to the present), during which all the benefits of power for the country’s new democratic elites (along the lines of Western democratic models) unfolded with full „legitimate force“. Through the prism of this tentative periodization, saturated with many significant accents and peculiarities in the construction of the Bulgarian state, the new institutions and political parties, we will also examine the filigree „weaving“ into the pores of statehood of many of the emerging privileges of the elite (in each stage separately), in order to highlight more clearly their significance in Bulgarian politics.
Georgi Lyubenov Manolov Power and privileges in political history (XXX centur...Igor Britchenko
It is a prehistoric truth that antiquity is the origin of human civilization. This truth is often forgotten and ignored today because in many cases the back is turned to the distant past. This past, however, continues to provide us with an enormous amount of knowledge, both in terms of facts, phenomena and processes, and as new grounds for building hypotheses, concepts and theories. In this sense, authentic historical sources (and references) and the dozens of monographs devoted to this era can help us make sense of what is happening in the contemporary world and its social development. Such is also the problem of political privilege, which is almost impossible to study and explain analytically without tracing its genesis, conceived in the bosom of antiquity. For the problem dates back to the earliest „infancy“ of human history, when there were no state entities, institutions and organs of power. But there is something else: a thorough study of privilege from the dawn of its primary germination gives us rich opportunities to trace its evolution as a social phenomenon more comprehensively, to „unravel“ its real manifestations in different types of societies, and to make comparative characterizations (in quantitative and qualitative terms) according to one or another historical epoch, political system, and party leaders. This is what makes it necessary to consider privilege in a deep historical context whose roots are to be sought in the Old World, in the functioning of tribal societies several thousand years back.
Georgi Lyubenov Manolov Power and privileges in political history (XXX centur...Igor Britchenko
The analysis of contemporary topics of the current political process is among the most important tasks that representatives of political science have to deal with today. Especially in countries like Bulgaria, whose people have borne (and still bear) on their shoulders all possible adversities related to the struggle for democracy. Because this great transition in our case was vitiated by a „primary dream“ of the newly emerged elite – looting of the national wealth! Life has proven that in such an environment, scientists cannot always specify in time and clearly enough precisely which problems in reality are to all intents and purposes relevant to the nation's agenda, which are „more relevant“, and ultimately which are „most relevant“. And as a result, they become an unchanging commitment to political analysis. This is due to the fact that the troubadours of the New Age are constantly covering up the ugly truths of modern times through their appearances on the television screen and in the pages of printed publications. Regardless of whether the data of sociology is used, or the facts related to a specific management activity are summarized. In this way, the purposeful interpretations of the facts do not allow the truths that affect the majority of the Bulgarian people to be presented in the public space in time, which is why an „information blackout“ occurs. However, it also does not allow political analysis to always and in time react with reasonable proposals to remove what is contrary to civilized social development. As a result, in reality „two types of political science“ arose and existed in Bulgaria for more than three decades. One – in its two main sub-variants – „left“ and „right“, plays the role of a servant in relation to power. This academic stratum welcomes all governments willingly, from which it earns solid financial dividends, insofar as it also „owns“ eserved media time.
Георги Л. Манолов Власт и привилегии в политическата история (XXX в. пр.н.е. ...Igor Britchenko
Проблемът за формирането и развитието на привилегиите в политиката в България не се различава съществено от това, което се случва с тяхната еволюция в европейски и световен мащаб. В случая единствената по-същностна разлика е тази, че привилегиите на властта у нас започват „начисто“ оради простата причина, че страната се освобождава от османската тирания, след което се създава третата българска държава. Тоест появата и утвърждаването на привилегиите се извършва веднага след Освобождението, тъй като те намират място като възможност за институционализация и регламентация още в текстовете на Търновската конституция (1879 г.). От тогава до сега привилегиите на властта стават неизбежен спътник на политическите елити, които в зависимост от характера на обществото (авторитарно, тоталитарно, демократично) постоянно консумират едни или други държавни изгоди и облаги, узаконени в различни нормативни документи. В този смисъл и на базата на историческото развитие можем условно да разделим приложението на властовите привилегии в България на три основни етапа: първият – от Освобождението (1878 г.) до 1946 г., или т.нар. „капиталистически етап“ на първичното и най-ранно развитие на този феномен (привилегиите); вторият етап включва „социалистическите“ номенклатурни привилегии (1947 – 1989 г.), които изключително силно се развиват в абсолютно всички обществени сфери; и третият е демократичният, или съвременният, етап от приложението на привилегиите (от 1990 г. до сега), през който се разгръщат с пълна „легитимна сила“ всички изгоди от властта за новите демократични елити в страната (по подобие на западните демократични модели). През призмата на тази условна периодизация, наситена с множество съществени акценти и особености при изграждането на българската държава, новите институции и политическите партии, ще разгледаме и филигранното „втъкаване“ в порите на държавността на голяма част от появилите се привилегии на елита (през всеки етап поотделно), за да откроим по-релефно тяхната значимост в българската политика.
Георги Л. Манолов Власт и привилегии в политическата история (XXX в. пр.н.е. ...Igor Britchenko
Праисторическа истина е, че древността е първоизточникът на човешката цивилизация. Тази истина днес често се забравя и пренебрегва, защото в редица случаи се обръща гръб на далечното минало. Това минало обаче продължава да ни дава изключително много знания както като факти, явления и процеси, така и като нови основания за изграждане на хипотези, концепции и теории. В този смисъл автентичните исторически източници (и извори) и десетките монографии, посветени на тази епоха, могат да ни помогнат да осмисляме ставащото в съвременния свят и неговото социално развитие. Такъв е проблемът и за политическите привилегии, който почти е невъзможно да се изследва и обяснява аналитично, ако не се проследи неговият генезис, заченат в лоното на древността. Защото проблемът датира от най-ранната „детска възраст“ на човешката история, когато няма никакви държавни образувания, институции и органи на властта. Но има и нещо друго: задълбоченото изучаване на привилегиите още от зората на тяхното първично покълване ни дава богати възможности да проследим попространно еволюцията им като социално явление, да „разгадаем“ реалните им проявления в различните типове общества и да правим сравнителни характеристики (в количествено и качествено отношение) в зависимост от една или друга историческа епоха, политическа система и партийни лидери. Именно това налага привилегиите да се разглеждат в дълбок исторически контекст, чиито корени следва да се търсят още в Стария свят, при функционирането на родовите общества няколко хиляди години назад.
Георги Л. Манолов Власт и привилегии в политическата история (XXX в. пр.н.е. ...Igor Britchenko
Анализът на актуалните теми на текущия политически процес е сред най-важните задачи, с които трябва да се справят представителите на политическата наука днес. Особено в държави като България, чийто народ понесе (и все още носи) на плещите си всички възможни несгоди, свързани с борбата за демокрация. Защото този велик преход в нашия случай беше опорочен от една „основна мечта“ на новопоявилия се елит – разграбване на националното богатство! Животът доказа, че в такава обстановка учените невинаги могат да кажат навреме и прекалено ясно точно кои проблеми в реалността действително са актуални за дневния ред на нацията, кои са „по-актуални“, а в края на краищата и кои са „най-актуални“. И като резултат те да се превърнат в неизменен ангажимент за политическия анализ. Понеже трубадурите на Новото време непрестанно прикриват грозните истини на съвременността чрез своите изяви на телевизионния екран и по страниците на печатните издания. Независимо от това дали се използват данните на социологията, или се обобщава фактология, свързана с конкретна управленска дейност. По този начин целенасочените интерпретации на фактите не позволяват в общественото пространство да се изнасят навреме истините, които засягат основната маса от българския народ, поради което се получава „информационно затъмнение“. То обаче не позволява и на политическия анализ винаги и навреме да реагира с разумни предложения за отстраняване на това, което противоречи на цивилизованото обществено развитие. Като следствие повече от три десетилетия в България реално възникват и битуват „два типа политическа наука“.
Research and economic evaluation of the impact of current challenges and thre...Igor Britchenko
Resilience to withstand the destructive impact of the external environment and modern challenges contributes to ensure the economic security of the company. The consequences of the pandemic, military actions in Ukraine, rising inflation, and the transformation of geopolitical processes in the European Union have negatively affected the economic security of insurance companies in Slovakia. The purpose 10 of the study is to assess the economic security of Slovak insurance companies. The study is based on the analysis of profitability, assets and liabilities, premiums, claims and expenses of insurance companies in Slovakia. The forecasting methodology is applied and various scenarios of further functioning of insurance companies in Slovakia, proposed by the National Bank of Slovakia, are analyzed. Insurance companies in Slovakia have sufficient capital, losses in the forecast period can be covered by current profits, and the growth of insurance claims can be transferred to reinsurers. The study found that insurance companies in Slovakia to ensure stability and economic security, and have prospects for further operation and development.
Innovative approaches to business management in conditions of economic instab...Igor Britchenko
The article is devoted to studying innovative approaches to enterprise management in conditions of economic instability. The main goal of the research was to identify and analyse the impact of innovative strategies and management methods on the development of enterprises’ innovative potential during economic crises. To achieve this goal, special and general academic research methods were used, in particular ‘synthesis’ and ‘generalisation’, which were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative approaches in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of unpredictable changes in the business environment. As a result of the study, it was found that, in conditions of economic instability, innovations in enterprise management should focus on strengthening innovative potential and production and on the technical improvement of business processes for which the formation of innovative strategies is necessary. It has been found that enterprises that actively implement innovative management methods in their activities have more chances to ensure their sustainability in challenging business conditions and, with this transformation of management practices, create conditions for dynamic growth and development of their innovative potential. As a result of the study, it has been established that using innovative approaches contributes to improving the efficiency of enterprise resource management, improves interaction with counterparties, and stimulates the further implementation of innovative solutions in production. Based on the research, the understanding and principles of forming innovative management strategies for enterprises in conditions of economic instability have been improved. In addition, a set of recommendations has been formed for enterprises and organisations regarding strengthening the management system based on innovative solutions to ensure the stability and dynamic development of business processes in crisis trends.
Research and economic evaluation of the impact of current challenges and thre...Igor Britchenko
Resilience to withstand the destructive impact of the external environment and modern challenges contributes to ensure the economic security of the company. The consequences of the pandemic, military actions in Ukraine, rising inflation, and the transformation of geopolitical processes in the European Union have negatively affected the economic security of insurance companies in Slovakia. The purpose
10
of the study is to assess the economic security of Slovak insurance companies. The study is based on the analysis of profitability, assets and liabilities, premiums, claims and expenses of insurance companies in Slovakia. The forecasting methodology is applied and various scenarios of further functioning of insurance companies in Slovakia, proposed by the National Bank of Slovakia, are analyzed. Insurance companies in Slovakia have sufficient capital, losses in the forecast period can be covered by current profits, and the growth of insurance claims can be transferred to reinsurers. The study found that insurance companies in Slovakia to ensure stability and economic security, and have prospects for further operation and development.
Prospects for sustainable development and ensuring the security of economic s...Igor Britchenko
The authors of the scientific monograph have come to the conclusion that ensuring sustainable development and security of economic systems in the new geostrategic realities requires the use of mechanisms for state protection of national economic interests, innovative outsourcing and digital technologies, and environmental protection. Basic research focuses on assessment the economic security of insurance companies, logistics processes, farms, healthcare organisations, retail and e-commerce, and tourist destinations. The research results have been implemented in the different decision-making models in the new geostrategic realities, human resource management, environmental and international security, use of artificial intelligence, and city branding. The results of the study can be used in the developing policies, programmes and strategies for public-private partnerships, post-crisis recovery of Ukraine, and decision-making at the level of ministries and agencies that regulate the processes of managing sustainable development and security. The results can also be used by students and young scientists in the educational process and conducting scientific research on sustainable development and security of economic systems.
For the new realities in management and “Information security” competenceIgor Britchenko
The intensity of changes in recent years is truly astonishing. In such a context, the requirements for the competencies and skills of employees and managers are also intensifying in the direction of changes. On the other hand and in this connection, given the crises, today the management of information security is a necessity for any organization that considers organizational information as a valuable asset and considers it in the light of its competitive advantage. Information security is frequently associated with cyber security, a concept and field that is fast evolving on all fronts—technological, regulatory, and programmatic. From the perspective of the human factor, it corresponds to the knowledge transfer and learning abilities that are collectively referred to as "digital skills." Human resource professional competence and expertise are crucial to the management and development of information security initiatives, making them essential to the growth of any organization.
Exogenous determinants of the European Union’sIgor Britchenko
The article examines the influence of external factors on the economic security of the European Union. The study found that such exogenous factors as global economic instability, crisis situations in the markets of raw materials and energy resources, international terrorism, and geopolitical tensions can seriously undermine the economic security of the EU. Ways to ensure stability and compliance of European economic systems with external challenges are proposed, including improving energy efficiency, diversifying energy sources, and intensifying support for innovative technologies. The necessity of forming a comprehensive strategy for ensuring the economic security of the European Union in the conditions of globalization and growing threats from exogenous determinants is determined. Статията разглежда влиянието на външни фактори върху икономическата сигурност на Европейския Съюз. Проучването установи, че екзогенни фактори като глобалната икономическа нестабилност, кризисните ситуации на пазарите на суровини и енергийни ресурси, международният тероризъм и геополитическото напрежение могат сериозно да подкопаят икономическата сигурност на ЕС. Предложени са начини за осигуряване на стабилност и съответствие на европейските икономически системи с външни предизвикателства, включително подобряване на енергийната ефективност, диверсификация на енергийните източници и засилване на подкрепата за иновативни технологии. Определя се необходимостта от формиране на цялостна стратегия за гарантиране на икономическата сигурност на Европейския съюз в условията на глобализация и нарастващи заплахи от външни детерминанти.
Стратегия устойчивого развития аграрного сектора экономики Украины в условия ...Igor Britchenko
В монографии исследуются теоретические и концептуальные основы устойчивого развития. Анализируются предпосылки формирования стратегии устойчивого развития как альтернативы парадигме экономического роста. Это включает в себя изучение научных подходов, а также объективных причин и факторов, которые приводят к необходимости перехода к устойчивому развитию в аграрном секторе экономики. Рассматривается многофункциональность как метод разработки и инструмент контроля политики устойчивого развития. Показано, что сельскохозяйственное производство, как сложная социально-экономическо-биологическая агросистема, требует учета взаимосвязей и взаимодействия ее элементов для достижения оптимального функционирования и равновесного состояния. Системный подход к сельскохозяйственной агросистеме предполагает рассмотрение ее как целостной системы, где каждый элемент влияет на функционирование остальных элементов. Исследуется устойчивое развитие аграрного сектора экономики Украины в условиях изменения климата. Рассматривается совместимость устойчивого развития и капиталистического типа хозяйства. Показано, что сельское хозяйство в силу своих особенностей и многофункционального назначения не воспринимает организационно-правовые формы корпораций чисто коммерческого промышленного типа. Непризнание этой закономерности приводит к социальным и экологическим потерям, которые не перекрываются экономическими выгодами агро- промышленно-торговых компаний. Анализируются роль и значение сельскохозяйственных кооперативов в устойчивом развитии аграрного сектора. Исследуется сущность индикативного оценивания и концепция устойчивости в виде модели. Это включает в себя анализ методологии и подходов к индикативному оцениванию в контексте устойчивого развития. Освещается специфика модели индикативного оценивания устойчивого развития ферм в Германии. Проведен сравнительный анализ немецкого опыта с учетом украинских особенностей. Автором разработана система индикаторов (показателей) для индикативного оценивания устойчивого развития сельскохозяйственных предприятий в Украине, которая включает не только экономические, но и социальные и экологические показатели, что существенно обогащает научно-практический подход к выбору формы хозяйствования учитывая критерии устойчивого развития в сельском хозяйстве Украины.
Опис: В монографии исследуются теоретические и концептуальные основы устойчивого развития. Анализируются предпосылки формирования стратегии устойчивого развития как альтернативы парадигме экономического роста. Это включает в себя изучение научных подходов, а также объективных причин и факторов, которые приводят к необходимости перехода к устойчивому развитию в аграрном секторе экономики. Рассматривается многофункциональность как метод разработки и инструмент контроля политики устойчивого развития.
The study guide was prepared according to the program of the educational discipline ‘Transport entrepreneurship’ for students of specialty 076 - "Entrepreneurship, trade and stock market activity". The academic load of the discipline is 150 academic hours, incl. lectures (32 hours), seminars (32 hours), independent study (86 hours). Each chapter is divided into paragraphs based on course topics, as well as lesson plans, questions for panel discussions, quizzes for self-assessment and topical lists of useful literature and information resources. The study guide can be useful for students of various specialties with the course "Transport Entrepreneurship" as their major or minor.
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Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
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Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
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Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...Donc Test
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
State financial support for bridge construction of territorial units
1. 26
DOI: 10.15587/978-617-7319-45-9.ch3
Ia. Levchenko, I. Britchenko, I. Khoroshylova, I. Dmytriiev, O. Dmytriieva
3 State financial support for bridge construction of
territorial units
Abstract
Financial security has always been, is and will be the most painful topic for those who do not have
their own funds. This applies to absolutely all sectors of the economy, all industries, all countries.
When it comes to large-scale projects, including bridge construction, for Ukrainian realities it be
comes a real test. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic challenges, the problem of financial
security is particularly acute, especially when it comes to poor regions that are unable to self-
finance themselves and survive only on state financial support. Therefore, this section considers
the problem of distribution of state financial support on the basis of the integrated approach. The
answer to the research question is given: «What components should be included in the methodology
for determining state financial support.» The comprehensive method for determining the share of
public funds, which takes into account the investment attractiveness of the region and its risk, is
proposed. Since the problem of financing the construction and reconstruction of bridges is rele
vant for a number of countries, this technique was tested on the example of bridge construction.
According to the results obtained, the state financial support includes territorial units that are not
leaders in priority for an investor and have a high level of risk in investing funds. The integrated ap
proach allowed to identify 10 territorial centers for funding, with the areas with the worst priority
indicators receiving the largest share of financial state support.
KEYWORDS
State financing, financial support, state support, financing model, bridge construction.
3.1 The importance of state financial support in bridge construction
Research to address the problem of financing the reconstruction and construction of bridges
is relevant for a number of countries [1]. For example, inspections of bridges in Italy have shown
disappointing findings: 300 bridges in the country are in disrepair and could collapse at any moment.
The traffic on these bridges is partially blocked, and the reason for that is structural damage in
their supports. Most bridges and roads in Italy were built between 1950 and 1960 and are in poor
condition. The shelf life of the concrete, from which they are made, is the same 50 or 60 years [2].
Seismic activity and climatic collapses only aggravate the situation [3]. The results of research [4]
showed a long lack of funding and maintenance of existing structures, which often led to partial
or complete closure of a bridge part and the destruction of the material.
2. 3 State financial support for bridge construction of territorial units
27
The situation is similar in France. Every tenth bridge is in poor condition. Of the 12,000 French
bridges, a third needs cosmetic repairs to eliminate structural changes. In 7 % of cases, the
damage is quite serious, and some of them are at potential risk of collapse [2], which indicates
the presence of the same problems as in Italy.
The results of studies of the condition of German bridges are as follows: 12.4 % of bridges are
in very poor condition, and only 12.5 % are in good condition. Many structures were built between
the 1960s and 1970s and are not designed for the very busy movement of today. In general, the
condition of bridges in eastern Germany has been improved thanks to the state Program to support
disappearing cities [6, 7]. In the western part of the country the situation is much worse – on
a number of bridges the movement of heavy trucks is already prohibited [2].
According to the Information portal of the Russian community in Latvia [8], almost half of the
969 Latvian state-run bridges are in poor or very poor technical condition. The technical condition
of 34.9 % of bridges is assessed as poor, 12.1 % – as very poor. And this indicates insufficient
state financing.
For Latin American countries, in particular Brazil, the problem of poor bridges and roads is
also relevant [9]. This fact is also recorded in [10], where the emphasis is on the age of bridges.
The authors of the study [11] acknowledge the problem and propose to take a set of measures to
prevent rapid destruction. At the same time, [12] noted that Brazilian researchers focus on solving
«narrow problems». They are engaged in technical developments, related to the construction of
new roads, bridges and hydraulic systems, which are considered as a priority on the path to innova
tive development of the country. At the same time, we are talking not only about buildings in large
cities, but also about small ones, in which people also live and which must also follow the path of
innovative development [12]. But this requires the maximum «elimination of regional imbalances in
the state» and the financing of the most problematic regions and districts [13, 14].
Taking into account the complexity of the situation, the study [5] proposed to carry out the recon
struction, extending the service life of bridges through strengthening measures. Some researchers
see the solution to the problem through government intervention, focusing on the need for significant
capital expenditures [6, 7]. Financing bridge construction is a difficult task [15]. These questions were
raised in the first half of the XX century [16] and are relevant in the XXI century [9, 17–20]. To sum
up, on the one hand we have catastrophic wear of bridges, on the other – backward regions, which
are not capable to cope with the problem of wear of bridges. This is what provokes the development
of new forms of financing the latter [21], which provide for the solution of both problems at once.
3.2 Ways to determine the state financial support of non-priority territorial
units on the example of bridge construction
Heads of Europe’s world leaders are looking for ways and calling on other countries to help
businesses that are global investors and suffering during the 2020–2021 crisis by implementing
3. Problems and prospects of development of the road transport complex: financing, management,
innovation, quality, safety – integrated approach
28
government support measures. The road industry in general and bridge construction in particular
especially need state support, as it is a guarantee of the country’s defense capabilities [22–24].
A clear example is the data [25], where it is recorded, that only about 3 % of bridges do not pro
vide the state’s defense capabilities. It is hardly acceptable to talk about the full financing of bridge
construction in the conditions of the crisis, but selective and fair regional financing is within the
power of each state. Therefore, there is a need to develop a comprehensive methodology for the
distribution of public finances and determine their share. It should solve the problem of catastrophic
wear of bridges and «eliminate regional imbalances in the state» (support backward regions that are
unable to cope with the problem of bridge wear) on the way to innovative development [13, 14].
To solve this problem, it is necessary to answer the research question: «What components need
to be taken into account when determining state financial support.» Therefore, the question of the
integrated approach [26], for the fair distribution of public funds, remains open and relevant [27].
According to existing methodologies, preference is given to territorial cells (areas) that have
a high priority. This approach has raised doubts and questions. Following the experience of India,
on the way to eliminating the regional imbalance in the state [13, 14], it is proposed to distribute
public funds (state financial support) on the principle of «the largest state support to the weakest»,
which contradicts the views of researchers-predecessors. Existing funding methods do not provide
a clear answer to how to identify weak territorial cells (areas) for funding and in what proportion
it is necessary to distribute state financial support among the latter.
In the study [28], the authors discussed in detail some modern financial techniques: inter
governmental financing and credit guarantees. They showed in their article that the financing of
large infrastructure projects can be provided not only by the state, but also by regions that are
supported by the state. At the same time, the study does not say anything about which regions
should be classified as «supported».
In the study [29], the author proposed a methodology that is a standardized structure and
mechanisms of financial flows. But this model is specific because it focuses on the management of
finances in the municipal housing stock. It also says nothing about the impact of components, such
as priority, risk, and the impact of these components on the decision to finance.
The study [30] focuses on the financial security of cities. The authors proposed a financing model
based on an indicator of investment attractiveness. This indicator is a key. The method is interesting
for the comprehensive approach to assessing the territorial investment attractiveness, based on the
rating of which the authors proposed to conduct financing, but did not propose a method of fair dis
tribution of public funds. This part is theoretical in nature, which is a scientific gap of the above study.
The method of state financing is proposed in the study [31]. Here the dependence of financing
on territorial attractiveness is proved. Healthy competition of territories for investments is sub
stantiated. The basis of territorial attractiveness is the attractiveness of the land, which will later
be able to return on investment.
The results of research [30–32] boil down to the fact that the higher the level of investment at
tractiveness, the more attractive the region is for financing. If we talk about attractiveness from the
4. 3 State financial support for bridge construction of territorial units
29
standpoint of «for an investor», then everything is logical and clear. But when it comes to government
support, everything should be the other way around. The state is obliged to support less attractive
regions, to which an investor may never come and that have no hope of getting into the «top» of
investment-attractive regions. Thus, the study [16] proposed a method of financial support of the
bridge industry, based on selective regional funding. The authors of [31] consider selective financing
as a factor of stabilization and sustainable development of a regional economy, because its main result
is not a formal reorganization, but the effect of interaction with the state. At the same time, state
support and selective financing of regions is the basis for the development of their economies [33].
In support of point funding the study [34] proposed a method of selecting regions for funding from
the standpoint of a set of characteristics. The authors of the study used the approach of quantifying
the attractiveness of a region to determine compliance and belonging to specific requirements. The
study is indirectly devoted to the method of financing based on the assessment of the investment at
tractiveness of a region, which was discussed in the study [30]. But the study did not pay attention
to the financial component. Namely, it is not indicated how selective state funding is made, how its
size is determined. Researchers [33] have also proposed an interesting funding methodology that is
based on a combination of private and public funds. But here we are talking about public-private part
nership and attention is paid to the method of determining the equity participation of private funds.
The issue of fair distribution of public funds on the basis of mathematical calculations is ignored.
To determine the amount of financial support, it is proposed to take into account the strengths
and weaknesses of the potential object for funding and clearly identify the public goods and services
provided, as well as the positive externalities. This is what is decisive with the support of public
funding [35]. But such an approach is unacceptable, because in this case the support of weak
regions is completely ignored.
Analyzing the works [16, 28–31, 33–35], it can be argued, that the problem of distribution
of state financial support from the standpoint of support for weak regions is not sufficiently con
sidered by other researchers. There is also a lack of a unified approach to determining the share of
funding from the standpoint of support for weak regions, which indicates the need for appropriate
research and determination of state financial support for non-priority territorial cells.
3.3 The methodological background for determining the state financial support
of non-priority territorial cells
To determine the state financial support of non-priority territorial cells, two most important
indicators were needed, namely: the indicator of investment attractiveness of a region (IIA) and
the risk indicator.
To determine IIA, the «Methodology for evaluating the work of central and local executive
bodies to attract investment, implementation of measures to improve the investment climate in
the relevant sectors of the economy, regions and the appropriate form of report» was used [36].
5. Problems and prospects of development of the road transport complex: financing, management,
innovation, quality, safety – integrated approach
30
The list of indicators, developed by the Ministry of Economy, is used for calculation – 4 groups,
including 36 indicators, characterizing the level of development of a region (Table 3.1).
Table 3.1 The list of indicators for IIA assessment [36]
Group Indicator
Economic
indicators
Gross regional product per 1 person, million USD
Profit from ordinary activities before tax, received by enterprises, million USD
Volume of agricultural products (in comparable prices), million USD
Share of innovation-active enterprises, %
Gross agricultural output per 100 hectares of agricultural land, million USD
Area of agricultural land per farm, ha
Retail turnover of enterprises on average per month per 1 person, million USD
The volume of realized market non-financial services of consumers per 1 person, USD
Absorbed investments in fixed assets per 1 person, USD
Absorbed investments in fixed assets at the expense of foreign investors, million USD
Share of unprofitable enterprises to the total number of enterprises, %
Volume of construction works, million USD
Growth rate (decrease) of overdue accounts payable, %
Growth rate (decrease) of overdue receivables, %
Total exports per 1 person, million USD
Increase in foreign direct investment per 1 person in the period, million USD
Foreign direct investment per capita at the end of the period, million USD
Volume of investments from regions to the economy of other countries per 1 person, million USD
Infrastructure
development
Total volume of freight traffic, thousand tons
Total volume of passenger traffic, thousand persons
Provision of the population with home telephones per 100 families, units
Total innovation costs for technological innovations, million USD
Applications for inventions were submitted to legal entities, units
Number of Internet users (contract), thousand persons
Human
resources
Commissioning of housing by developers of all forms of ownership, thousand m2
Wage arrears on average per 1 employee, USD
The level of economic activity of the population aged 15–70 years, %
Average monthly nominal salary of 1 full-time employee, USD
Unemployment rate (according to the methodology of the International Labor Organization), %
Level of employment of the unemployed registered population, %
Graduation by higher educational institutions of I–II levels of accreditation, thousand persons
Graduation by higher educational institutions of III–IV levels of accreditation, thousand persons
Enterpreneur
ship
The average annual number of employees of small enterprises with the number of employees
in general at enterprises – business entities, thousand persons
Volume of sold products (works, services) of small enterprises, %
The indicators, presented in Table 3.1, are open data of the State Statistics Committee
of Ukraine. The calculation of IIA was carried out in three stages.
At the first stage, the assessment of IIA is carried out by summing the relative deviations of
the indicators, characterizing the relevant activities of a region, to the best values of these indica
tors of the regions by the formula:
6. 3 State financial support for bridge construction of territorial units
31
Sj = ∑((Bmax–Bij)/(Bmax–Bmin))+∑ = ∑((Bij–Bmin)/(Bmax–Bmin)), (3.1)
where Sj – rating of the investment attractiveness of the j-th region for each indicator; Вij – value
of the i-th indicator of the j-th region, 1 ≤ i ≤ n; Bmax, Bmin – maximum and minimum values of
the indicators; n – number of indicators, on which the calculation is made [36].
The first part of the formula is used to assess indicators, whose growth has a positive value (sti
mulants), the second part – to assess indicators, whose growth has a negative effect (disincentives).
In the second stage, the arithmetic mean value of the sum of rating estimates of IIA for each
indicator is determined by the formula:
Smean = Sj /n, (3.2)
where Smean – arithmetic mean of the sum of rating assessments of the activities of a particular
region on the n-th indicators; n – number of indicators, on which the calculation is made [36].
At the third stage, the integrated rating IIA is determined by the following formula:
Srj = ∑Sср×gn, (3.3)
where Srj – integrated rating value of IIA; gn – weight of the n-th group of indicators [36].
Next, the calculation of the risk indicator – the most important indicator in financing [37–39],
which is taken into account when determining the state financial support of non-priority territorial
cells. In contrast to the neoclassical approach, where a coefficient of variation is used to assess
risk [40], a coefficient of semivariation was used, which allows a better assessment of the degree
of risk [19]. Its use is expedient, in particular, when the external economic environment, the risk
factors, characteristic of the considered project, is marked by dynamism.
Semivariation is calculated as follows:
SV
P
d p
i i
i
n
= −
=
∑
1 2
1
, (3.4)
where pi – probability of the i-th result; di – negative deviations of actual results from the aver
age expected:
d
x x
x x x x
i
i
i i
=
≥
− <
0, ,
, ,
P – sum of the probabilities, for which di are negative.
In case of necessity of distribution of the state financial resources and determination of
a share of financing, the corresponding technique, constructed on the basis of the received IIA and
risk values, is offered. Its use will allow to make the optimum administrative decision, which will
be useful both for the state budget, and for regional ones.
7. Problems and prospects of development of the road transport complex: financing, management,
innovation, quality, safety – integrated approach
32
3.4 The choice of conditions for classifying regions as non-priority in terms
of state financial support
Suppose that a regional program (region development program) consists of n number of pro
jects or regions (within the state) that need support. The index of the project that participates
in investment processes will be indicated i n
= 1, . Let the impact of the project per unit of invest
ment spent be for the state ai ( , , ).
a i n
i < =
1 1
Since regional economic resources are limited, the most effective way to increase production
is to attract additional capital resources [38], namely public funds. Regions are also interested in
receiving budget funds. The idea of region’s interaction with the state is that budget funds are
provided on condition that the region participates in the financing of the project and undertakes
to provide its own, regional, resources for financing.
A model for ensuring effective interaction between the state and the region is proposed, which
takes into account the amount of public funding (support). The economic interest of the i-th project
can be described by the expression:
Zi(Sixi) = ji(Si)–yi = ji(Si)–(Si–xi), i n
= 1, , (3.5)
where Si – total amount of funding; ji(Si) – income of the i-th project; yi = (Si–xi) – lack of funds
for project implementation; Zi – net profit of the i-th project.
Also for calculation the artificial indicator qi, which is calculated on (3.6), is necessary:
(1–ai)/li = qi, (3.6)
where ai – efficiency; li – priority.
Substituting in formula (3.6) risk indicator (3.4) instead of the efficiency indicator and
IIA indicator (3.3) instead of the priority indicator, the calculation of the artificial indicator qi
is performed:
(1–SV)/Srj = qi, (3.7)
where SV – risk (semivariation); Srj – IIA.
To determine the number of regions to participate in regional development programs in general,
we found the maximum value of n that would satisfy the inequality:
qi<Qn /(n–1), (3.8)
where Qn – sum of artificial indicators qi corresponding to n.
When condition (3.8) is not met, the relevant regions are excluded from the list of candidates.
8. 3 State financial support for bridge construction of territorial units
33
3.5 Identification of territorial cells for the distribution of state
financial support
Based on the statistical data on the indicators, presented in Table 3.1, which are in the public
domain, using formulas (3.1)–(3.3), IIA was calculated. As this study is conducted on the example
of Ukraine, the values of IIA are presented by region of Ukraine (Table 3.2).
Table 3.2 IIA of Ukraine (2018)
Region Srj
Vinnytsia 0.408514
Volyn 0.355415
Dnipropetrovsk 0.422116
Donetsk* 0.458794
Zhytomyr 0.369553
Zakarpattia 0.374684
Zaporizhzhia 0.405340
Ivano-Frankivsk 0.373391
Kiyv 0.406496
Kropyvnytskyi 0.383469
Luhansk* 0.403544
Lviv 0.356200
Mykolaiv 0.398673
Odesa 0.396466
Poltava 0.410794
Rivne 0.361749
Sumy 0.376327
Ternopil 0.352696
Kharkiv 0.395974
Kherson 0.377155
Khmelnytskyi 0.363777
Cherkasy 0.398636
Chernivtsi 0.431203
Chernihiv 0.363765
Kyiv City 0.569373
Note: * – data on the area, controlled by the territory of Ukraine; generalized by the authors on the basis
of research [19, 28]
9. Problems and prospects of development of the road transport complex: financing, management,
innovation, quality, safety – integrated approach
34
It should also be noted, that during the anti-terrorist operation in the Donetsk and Luhansk
regions of Ukraine, the data for evaluation were taken exclusively from the controlled areas of
these regions.
The results of the calculation of risk (semivariation) are made according to formula (3.4) and
are presented in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 Risk calculation by regions of Ukraine [19]
Region SV, %
Ternopil 0.81
Kyiv City 0.96
Luhansk* 1.28
Khmelnytskyi 1.42
Lviv 1.69
Kropivnitsky 2.03
Chernihiv 2.31
Poltava 2.71
Zaporizhzhia 2.85
Volyn 2.93
Ivano-Frankivsk 3.05
Odesa 3.06
Kiyv 3.65
Kherson 3.70
Rivne 3.74
Zakarpattia 4.07
Kharkiv 4.21
Dnipropetrovsk 4.49
Donetsk* 5.50
Cherkasy 5.58
Vinnytsia 5.58
Sumy 8.78
Mykolaiv 9.65
Chernivtsi 11.37
Zhytomyr 20.03
Note: * – data on the area, controlled by the territory of Ukraine
10. 3 State financial support for bridge construction of territorial units
35
Based on the calculations, the regions are grouped by level of risk, namely:
1. 0–3 % – low-risk regions (Kyiv City, Ternopil, Luhansk, Khmelnytskyi, Lviv, Kropyvnytskyi,
Cher
nihiv, Poltava, Zaporizhzhia and Volyn regions);
2. 3–6 % – regions with an average level of risk (Ivano-Frankivsk, Odesa, Kyiv, Kherson, Rivne,
Zakarpattia, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Cherkasy and Vinnytsia regions);
3. >6 % – regions with a high level of risk (Sumy, Mykolaiv, Chernivtsi and Zhytomyr regions).
Thus, we get a list of regions – applicants for state financial support, namely: Ivano-Frankivsk,
Odesa, Kyiv, Kherson, Rivne, Zakarpattia, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk (controlled territory of
Ukraine), Cherkasy, Vinnytsia, Sumy, Mykolaiv, Chernivtsi and Zhytomyr regions.
For the implementation of the program of state financial support, the emphasis was placed
on financing the least priority areas. In conditions of a shortage of funds and provided that
such regions have less chances to attract an investor than others, it is they who need state
financial support.
3.6 Determining the funding share
To determine the share of funding, it is necessary to calculate qi. The initial data for the calcu
lation are presented in Tables 3.2, 3.3.
The calculation of qi is carried out according to formula (3.7). When determining state financial
support for non-priority territorial cells, according to the proposed methodology, it is necessary
to line up applicants in ascending order of qi value. The calculation results are presented in ascend
ing order in Table 3.4.
According to the calculation results, presented in Table 3.4, it is possible to conditionally
distinguish three groups of areas, applying for funding. Moreover, group 1 is the weakest area.
The distribution into groups is as follows:
1) group – Zhytomyr, Donetsk, Chernivtsi, Dnipropetrovsk and Vinnytsia regions;
2) group – Cherkasy, Mykolaiv, Kiyv, Odesa and Kharkiv regions;
3) group – Sumy, Kherson, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk and Rivne regions.
The algorithm of the procedure for determining the number of candidate regions for participa
tion in the distribution of state financial support can be represented by inequality (3.8).
Let us check the fulfillment of the given condition for the set of obtained values of qi. The check
is performed as long as condition (3.8) is satisfied.
The calculation results are presented in Table 3.5.
Since condition (3.8) is not met for n = 11, the calculations are terminated. 10 regions for
state financial support were identified, namely: Zhytomyr, Donetsk, Chernivtsi, Dnipropetrovsk,
Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Mykolaiv, Kiyv, Odesa, Kharkiv regions.
Further, the values of the share of financing are calculated in proportion to the obtained
Qn /(n–1) and the results are presented in Table 3.6.
11. Problems and prospects of development of the road transport complex: financing, management,
innovation, quality, safety – integrated approach
36
Table 3.4 The value of qi in ascending order
Region qi value
Zhytomyr 1.62683
Donetsk* 2.09440
Chernivtsi 2.13310
Dnipropetrovsk 2.23895
Vinnytsia 2.29833
Cherkasy 2.33897
Mykolaiv 2.34252
Kiyv 2.35721
Odesa 2.38860
Kharkiv 2.44940
Sumy 2.50048
Kherson 2.53609
Zakarpattia 2.54801
Ivano-Frankivsk 2.58040
Rivne 2.64686
Note: * – data on the area, controlled by the territory of Ukraine
Table 3.5 Checking the fulfillment of condition (3.8)
Regions
number, n
qi
∑qi corresponding
to n, Qn
Qn /(n–1)
Checking the fulfillment
of condition (3.8)
2 2.09440 3.72123 3.721234 3.721234>q2
3 2.13310 5.85433 2.927168 2.927168>q3
4 2.23895 8.09328 2.697765 2.697765>q4
5 2.29833 10.39161 2.597906 2.597906>q5
6 2.33897 12.73058 2.546120 2.546120>q6
7 2.34252 15.07310 2.512187 2.512187>q7
8 2.35721 17.43031 2.490049 2.490049>q8
9 2.38860 19.81891 2.477368 2.477368>q9
10 2.44940 22.26831 2.474261 2.474261>q10
11 2.50048 24.76879 2.476883 2.476883<q11
12. 3 State financial support for bridge construction of territorial units
37
Table 3.6 The results of calculating the share of financing at K = 1
Region Share of financing at К = 1
Zhytomyr 0.1382
Donetsk* 0.1087
Chernivtsi 0.1002
Dnipropetrovsk 0.0965
Vinnytsia 0.0946
Cherkasy 0.0933
Mykolaiv 0.0925
Kiyv 0.0920
Odesa 0.0919
Kharkiv 0.0920
Note: * – data on the area, controlled by the territory of Ukraine
Thus, state financial support will be distributed according to the principle of «the greatest
state support to the weakest», which corresponds to the goal of the study – to eliminate the
regional imbalance in the state on the way of its innovative development.
3.7 Discussion of the results of determining state financial support
for non-priority territorial cells
A large number of funding methods was proposed by researchers [19, 26–28, 31, 33–35].
In contrast to them, where preference for financing is given to objects that have high investment
attractiveness and, accordingly, high priority, the proposed author’s methodology is focused on
determining financial support for non-priority territorial cells (regions). This became possible by
applying the integrated approach to determining state financial support for the latter, which are
not leaders in priority for an investor and have a high level of riskiness of investing funds. Com
prehensiveness is ensured by the use of IIA and risk. Based on statistical data on the indicators,
presented in Table 3.1, which are in the public domain, with the help of formulas (3.1)–(3.3), the
calculation of IIA has been carried out. The results of calculating the risk have been made according
to formula (3.4), based on the results of which the regions are grouped by the level of risk. The
results of calculating IIA and risk have been summarized. The list of regions – applicants for state
financial support has been received. Further, the values of the share of financing have been calcu
lated in proportion to those, obtained in Table 3.5 results.
Unlike existing methods, the author’s methodology allows providing financial state support for
regions that have the worst values of IIA and risk, which makes it possible to eliminate the regional
13. Problems and prospects of development of the road transport complex: financing, management,
innovation, quality, safety – integrated approach
38
imbalance in the state on the way of its innovative development. Funding is carried out according to
the principle of «the greatest state support to the weakest».
The results of the author’s study are a laconic continuation of studies, carried out both at the
local level [19, 41, 42] and in Africa [43] and Asia [44–46].
This study is practically interesting for public authorities in determining and allocating public
funds, and theoretically – for researchers, involved in the financial support of the components of
the road transport complex and public administration. The general provisions of the section are
covered in [47].
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