This document discusses different aspects of excavation support including diaphragm walls, diaphragm walls with struts, and sheet piles. Diaphragm walls are concrete walls that act as retaining structures during excavation. Diaphragm walls with struts involve adding horizontal beams to provide additional support. Sheet piles are interlocking metal walls that are driven into the ground to retain soil during excavation work.

1. ‫الحفر‬ ‫جوانب‬ ‫سند‬

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14. Diaphragm wall

19. Diaphragm wall with struts

22. sheet piles
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