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‫ت‬ ‫فيزياء‬، ‫كتونية‬198(1991)261–273261
‫ناش‬‫ـــ‬‫ع‬ ‫روا‬‫ـــــــ‬‫لم‬‫إ‬‫لس‬‫ـــــ‬‫يفيير‬’. ‫في‬ . ‫بي‬‘،‫أ‬‫مس‬‫ـــ‬‫تردام‬
‫جزيرة‬’‫تي‬‫ـــ‬‫ران‬‘1
:‫كتلة‬‫داخلي‬‫ة‬‫عند‬‫تالق‬‫األحم‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫صدع‬‫ـ‬‫ر‬
‫تحو‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬2
‫الميت‬ ‫البحر‬
’‫جولدبيرج‬ . ‫م‬‘‫و‬’‫بيت‬ .‫م‬‘
‫الجغرافية‬ ‫المساحة‬، ‫إلسرائيل‬30‫القدس‬ ، ‫يسرائيل‬ ‫مالخي‬ ‫شارع‬95501‫إسرائيل‬ ،3
‫في‬ ‫أستلم‬ (14‫أغسطس‬،1989‫في‬ ‫المراجعة‬ ‫النسخة‬ ‫قبلت‬ ‫؛‬13، ‫سبتمبر‬1990)
: ‫ترجمة‬‫شلتوت‬ ‫عمرو‬
‫م‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫ـ‬‫خ‬‫ـــــ‬‫ص‬
، . ‫م‬ ، ‫بت‬ ‫و‬ . ‫م‬ ، ‫جولدبرج‬1991‫تيران‬ ‫جزيرة‬ .‫كتلة‬ :‫داخلي‬‫ة‬‫عند‬‫تالق‬‫تحو‬ ‫و‬ ‫األحمر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫صدع‬‫ل‬‫الميت‬ ‫البحر‬.
: ‫في‬’‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ماركس‬ . ‫ي‬‘،’‫بي‬.‫مور‬‘‫و‬’‫ر‬ . ‫آر‬‫ي‬‫م‬‘‫تاريخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫مولد‬ : ‫األحمر‬ ‫البحر‬ ، ) ‫محررون‬ (‫مبكر‬‫جديد‬ ‫لحوض‬
‫المحيط‬ ‫بواسطة‬.‫تكتونية‬ ‫فيزياء‬،198:261–273.
‫جزيرة‬’‫تي‬‫ــ‬‫ران‬‘‫تي‬ ‫مضيق‬ ‫و‬‫ـــ‬‫ج‬ ‫هما‬ ‫ران‬‫ــــ‬‫قطع‬ ‫من‬ ‫زء‬‫ـــــ‬‫ة‬‫إنضغاطية‬‫عن‬‫ــــ‬‫نهاي‬ ‫د‬‫ـــ‬‫تحو‬ ‫ة‬‫البح‬ ‫ل‬‫ـ‬‫الميت‬ ‫ر‬
‫خ‬ . ‫الجنوبية‬‫ـ‬‫الل‬’‫األوليجوسين‬‘‫و‬ ‫المتأخر‬’‫الميوسين‬‘4
‫مت‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫كانت‬ ،‫؛‬ ‫تكتونية‬ ‫توترات‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫حكم‬‫و‬
‫كانت‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫جزيرتا‬’‫شدوان‬‘‫كتلتين‬‫داخليين‬‫ضمن‬‫من‬ ‫بالقرب‬ ، ‫األحمر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫صدع‬’‫سفاجا‬‘.
‫سنة‬ ‫ماليين‬ ‫خمس‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫عشرة‬ ‫األربع‬ ‫خالل‬‫إنضغاطي‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫وقعت‬ ،‫تحو‬ ‫أصبح‬ ‫بعدما‬‫الميت‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫ل‬
‫مع‬ ‫التصادم‬ ‫في‬ ‫القطاع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫بدأ‬ ‫عندما‬ . ً‫ا‬‫نشط‬‫ال‬‫صفيحة‬‫ل‬ ‫المصغرة‬‫سيناء‬‫منذ‬ ً‫ا‬‫تقريب‬ ،2.5‫أو‬1.7‫سنة‬ ‫مليون‬‫فاتت‬،
‫بمقدار‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫جزيرة‬ ‫رفع‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫بدأت‬0.2–0.3‫سن‬ / ‫مليمتر‬‫الظن‬ ‫أغلب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫أنها‬‫ل‬. ‫ت‬‫ف‬
‫التك‬‫ــــ‬‫ويـــن‬
‫ال‬ ‫الصفيحة‬ ‫من‬ ‫انفصال‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫مضيق‬ ‫و‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫جزيرة‬‫م‬‫صغر‬‫ة‬‫لسيناء‬‫الميت‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫ل‬‫تحو‬ ‫بواسطة‬‫قطع‬ ‫مكونين‬ ،
‫اقترح‬ ‫كما‬ ، ‫إنضغاطي‬‫بواسطة‬’‫جارفونكل‬( ‘1981. )
1
‫من‬ ‫ألجزاء‬ ‫المنتقاة‬ ‫الترجمة‬ ‫هذه‬ . ‫وحدها‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫بك‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫بجزيرة‬ ‫متعلق‬ ‫شيء‬ ‫كل‬ ‫إن‬ ‫إبراز‬ ‫منها‬ ‫الغرض‬ ‫الترجمة‬ ‫هذه‬
. ‫صفحة‬ ‫عشرة‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫في‬ ‫جاء‬ ‫األصلي‬ ‫البحث‬ . ‫العلمية‬ ‫التفاصيل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجزيرة‬ ‫مصرية‬ ‫يخص‬ ‫ما‬ ‫على‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫ركزت‬ ‫البحث‬
2
‫للصفائح‬ ‫المتحولة‬ ‫الحدود‬‫التكتو‬‫نية‬.
3
‫اإلستيطانية‬ ‫الدولة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الصهيوني‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫مصطلح‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫المترجم‬ ‫يفضل‬.
4
. ‫جغرافية‬ ‫أزمنة‬ ‫و‬ ‫لعصور‬ ‫أسماء‬
‫مناقشــــــة‬5
‫إنش‬ ‫بإعادة‬‫سبع‬ ‫و‬ ‫المائة‬ ‫ميسرة‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫اء‬‫كيلومترات‬‫إيالت‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫طول‬ ‫على‬6
‫ج‬ (‫ا‬‫ر‬، ‫فونكل‬1988‫شكل‬ ‫؛‬10)
‫إنه‬‫ل‬‫أن‬ ‫واضح‬‫ال‬‫جزيرتي‬‫ن‬‫ش‬ ‫و‬ ‫تيران‬‫من‬ ‫جزئين‬ ‫كانتا‬ ‫دوان‬‫كتل‬‫داخلي‬‫ة‬‫أو‬‫نت‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫صد‬ ‫في‬‫و‬‫السويس‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫ع‬/‫البحر‬
‫خالل‬ ‫األحمر‬‫عصور‬) ‫التورتونيان‬ ( ‫الميوسين‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المتأخر‬ ‫األوليجوسين‬.
5
. ‫م‬ ِ‫بالمترج‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫األزرق‬ ‫باللون‬ ‫الصناديق‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫اإليضاحات‬
6
‫الدولة‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫اسمها‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫تم‬ ‫محتلة‬ ‫مصرية‬ ‫قرية‬ ‫هي‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرشراش‬ ‫أم‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الصحيح‬. ‫إيالت‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الصهيونية‬ ‫اإلستيطانية‬
‫جزيرة‬ ‫إنفصال‬ ‫لحظة‬
‫منطقة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تيران‬
‫سفاجا‬
‫و‬ ‫صنافير‬ ‫و‬ ‫تيران‬
‫خليج‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫شدوان‬
‫تشكل‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫و‬ ‫السويس‬
‫العقبة‬ ‫خليج‬
‫خليج‬ ‫و‬ ‫سيناء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫الحظ‬
‫بع‬ ‫تشكال‬ ‫قد‬ ‫يكونا‬ ‫لم‬ ‫العقبة‬‫د‬
. ‫اليوم‬ ‫المعروفة‬ ‫بالتضاريس‬

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منشأ جزيرة تيران عند سفاجة في البحر الأحمر

  • 1. ‫ت‬ ‫فيزياء‬، ‫كتونية‬198(1991)261–273261 ‫ناش‬‫ـــ‬‫ع‬ ‫روا‬‫ـــــــ‬‫لم‬‫إ‬‫لس‬‫ـــــ‬‫يفيير‬’. ‫في‬ . ‫بي‬‘،‫أ‬‫مس‬‫ـــ‬‫تردام‬ ‫جزيرة‬’‫تي‬‫ـــ‬‫ران‬‘1 :‫كتلة‬‫داخلي‬‫ة‬‫عند‬‫تالق‬‫األحم‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫صدع‬‫ـ‬‫ر‬ ‫تحو‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬2 ‫الميت‬ ‫البحر‬ ’‫جولدبيرج‬ . ‫م‬‘‫و‬’‫بيت‬ .‫م‬‘ ‫الجغرافية‬ ‫المساحة‬، ‫إلسرائيل‬30‫القدس‬ ، ‫يسرائيل‬ ‫مالخي‬ ‫شارع‬95501‫إسرائيل‬ ،3 ‫في‬ ‫أستلم‬ (14‫أغسطس‬،1989‫في‬ ‫المراجعة‬ ‫النسخة‬ ‫قبلت‬ ‫؛‬13، ‫سبتمبر‬1990) : ‫ترجمة‬‫شلتوت‬ ‫عمرو‬ ‫م‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫ـ‬‫خ‬‫ـــــ‬‫ص‬ ، . ‫م‬ ، ‫بت‬ ‫و‬ . ‫م‬ ، ‫جولدبرج‬1991‫تيران‬ ‫جزيرة‬ .‫كتلة‬ :‫داخلي‬‫ة‬‫عند‬‫تالق‬‫تحو‬ ‫و‬ ‫األحمر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫صدع‬‫ل‬‫الميت‬ ‫البحر‬. : ‫في‬’‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ماركس‬ . ‫ي‬‘،’‫بي‬.‫مور‬‘‫و‬’‫ر‬ . ‫آر‬‫ي‬‫م‬‘‫تاريخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫مولد‬ : ‫األحمر‬ ‫البحر‬ ، ) ‫محررون‬ (‫مبكر‬‫جديد‬ ‫لحوض‬ ‫المحيط‬ ‫بواسطة‬.‫تكتونية‬ ‫فيزياء‬،198:261–273. ‫جزيرة‬’‫تي‬‫ــ‬‫ران‬‘‫تي‬ ‫مضيق‬ ‫و‬‫ـــ‬‫ج‬ ‫هما‬ ‫ران‬‫ــــ‬‫قطع‬ ‫من‬ ‫زء‬‫ـــــ‬‫ة‬‫إنضغاطية‬‫عن‬‫ــــ‬‫نهاي‬ ‫د‬‫ـــ‬‫تحو‬ ‫ة‬‫البح‬ ‫ل‬‫ـ‬‫الميت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫خ‬ . ‫الجنوبية‬‫ـ‬‫الل‬’‫األوليجوسين‬‘‫و‬ ‫المتأخر‬’‫الميوسين‬‘4 ‫مت‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫كانت‬ ،‫؛‬ ‫تكتونية‬ ‫توترات‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫حكم‬‫و‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫جزيرتا‬’‫شدوان‬‘‫كتلتين‬‫داخليين‬‫ضمن‬‫من‬ ‫بالقرب‬ ، ‫األحمر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫صدع‬’‫سفاجا‬‘. ‫سنة‬ ‫ماليين‬ ‫خمس‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫عشرة‬ ‫األربع‬ ‫خالل‬‫إنضغاطي‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫وقعت‬ ،‫تحو‬ ‫أصبح‬ ‫بعدما‬‫الميت‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التصادم‬ ‫في‬ ‫القطاع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫بدأ‬ ‫عندما‬ . ً‫ا‬‫نشط‬‫ال‬‫صفيحة‬‫ل‬ ‫المصغرة‬‫سيناء‬‫منذ‬ ً‫ا‬‫تقريب‬ ،2.5‫أو‬1.7‫سنة‬ ‫مليون‬‫فاتت‬، ‫بمقدار‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫جزيرة‬ ‫رفع‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫بدأت‬0.2–0.3‫سن‬ / ‫مليمتر‬‫الظن‬ ‫أغلب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫أنها‬‫ل‬. ‫ت‬‫ف‬ ‫التك‬‫ــــ‬‫ويـــن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الصفيحة‬ ‫من‬ ‫انفصال‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫مضيق‬ ‫و‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫جزيرة‬‫م‬‫صغر‬‫ة‬‫لسيناء‬‫الميت‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫ل‬‫تحو‬ ‫بواسطة‬‫قطع‬ ‫مكونين‬ ، ‫اقترح‬ ‫كما‬ ، ‫إنضغاطي‬‫بواسطة‬’‫جارفونكل‬( ‘1981. ) 1 ‫من‬ ‫ألجزاء‬ ‫المنتقاة‬ ‫الترجمة‬ ‫هذه‬ . ‫وحدها‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫بك‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫بجزيرة‬ ‫متعلق‬ ‫شيء‬ ‫كل‬ ‫إن‬ ‫إبراز‬ ‫منها‬ ‫الغرض‬ ‫الترجمة‬ ‫هذه‬ . ‫صفحة‬ ‫عشرة‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫في‬ ‫جاء‬ ‫األصلي‬ ‫البحث‬ . ‫العلمية‬ ‫التفاصيل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجزيرة‬ ‫مصرية‬ ‫يخص‬ ‫ما‬ ‫على‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫ركزت‬ ‫البحث‬ 2 ‫للصفائح‬ ‫المتحولة‬ ‫الحدود‬‫التكتو‬‫نية‬. 3 ‫اإلستيطانية‬ ‫الدولة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الصهيوني‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫مصطلح‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫المترجم‬ ‫يفضل‬. 4 . ‫جغرافية‬ ‫أزمنة‬ ‫و‬ ‫لعصور‬ ‫أسماء‬
  • 2. ‫مناقشــــــة‬5 ‫إنش‬ ‫بإعادة‬‫سبع‬ ‫و‬ ‫المائة‬ ‫ميسرة‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫اء‬‫كيلومترات‬‫إيالت‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫طول‬ ‫على‬6 ‫ج‬ (‫ا‬‫ر‬، ‫فونكل‬1988‫شكل‬ ‫؛‬10) ‫إنه‬‫ل‬‫أن‬ ‫واضح‬‫ال‬‫جزيرتي‬‫ن‬‫ش‬ ‫و‬ ‫تيران‬‫من‬ ‫جزئين‬ ‫كانتا‬ ‫دوان‬‫كتل‬‫داخلي‬‫ة‬‫أو‬‫نت‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫صد‬ ‫في‬‫و‬‫السويس‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫ع‬/‫البحر‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫األحمر‬‫عصور‬) ‫التورتونيان‬ ( ‫الميوسين‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المتأخر‬ ‫األوليجوسين‬. 5 . ‫م‬ ِ‫بالمترج‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫األزرق‬ ‫باللون‬ ‫الصناديق‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫اإليضاحات‬ 6 ‫الدولة‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫اسمها‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫تم‬ ‫محتلة‬ ‫مصرية‬ ‫قرية‬ ‫هي‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرشراش‬ ‫أم‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الصحيح‬. ‫إيالت‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الصهيونية‬ ‫اإلستيطانية‬ ‫جزيرة‬ ‫إنفصال‬ ‫لحظة‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫سفاجا‬ ‫و‬ ‫صنافير‬ ‫و‬ ‫تيران‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫شدوان‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫و‬ ‫السويس‬ ‫العقبة‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫و‬ ‫سيناء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫الحظ‬ ‫بع‬ ‫تشكال‬ ‫قد‬ ‫يكونا‬ ‫لم‬ ‫العقبة‬‫د‬ . ‫اليوم‬ ‫المعروفة‬ ‫بالتضاريس‬