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弱視
1.弱視とは
2.一般の目が悪いと眼科の目が悪いは少し違う?
3.弱視の原因となる目にきれいな光が当たらないってどういうこと?
4.弱視Q&A
1.弱視とは、
産まれたばかりの赤ちゃんは、眼の見え方が非常に悪く視力は0.02(視力表の一番上の丸の切れ目が1m先で
ようやく見える程度)位しかありません。
その後、眼の奥にきれいな光が当たり続けることで、視力が0.02⇒0.1⇒0.5⇒0.9⇒1.2と発育していきます。
しかし、視力の発育の途中できれいな光が当たらないと視力の発育が途中で止まってしまい、メガネやコンタクトを
付けても0.5以上でないという状況になってしまうことがあります。
この視力の発育が途中で止まってしまい、メガネを付けても視力が出ない状態を弱視といいます。
視力の発達期間は、だいたい10歳までとなっております。そのため、20歳になってから治療を開始しても効果が
出なくなってしまいます。もし弱視がそのまま放置したりしてしまいますと手遅れになってしまい、将来視力に関係の
ある仕事に就く時などに影響が出てきてしまうので、発見され次第治療が必要になります。
2.一般の目が悪いと眼科の目が悪いは少し違う?
通常目が悪いというのは、裸眼視力(メガネを付けていない状態での視力)が1.0ないと
目が悪いといわれることが多いのですが、眼科的な考えでは裸眼視力が0.2であって
もメガネを付けて視力が1.0でていて眼に病気がなければ問題ないとの判断になります。
弱視の場合、どんなにレンズ入れても視力が出ないので、治療が必要になります。
3.弱視の原因となる目にきれいな光が当たらないってどういうこと?
人間の目はきれいな光が目の奥の網膜というところにあたると視力などの視機能が発達していきます。
これには、いくつか条件があります。
たとえとして、このような図を見ていたとします。
Ⅰ.強い遠視、乱視がないこと(多少であれば大丈夫です)
強い遠視や乱視がありますと、上図を見ていたとき、物がこのような感じで見えています。
ぼやけてしまう光があたっているので、視力の発達の遅れの原因となります。
次ページへ
Ⅱ.右目と左目の度数が同じくらい(眼科用語で不同視がない状況です)
左右の目で見え方が異なった場合、例えば右目は遠視も乱視もない状態・左目は強い遠視がある状態ですと、
右と左でこのような感じで見えてしまいます。
右 左
今の状態ですと、左目だけはきれいな光が当たっていないので絵がボヤけてしまっています。
きれいな光があたっている右目は正常に発達しますがぼやけた光があたっている左目は視
力の発達が遅くなり弱視となってしまうことがあります。
Ⅲ.目(視線)が片方だけ、そっぽを向いていない状況です(眼科用語で、斜視がない状態)
目が片方だけそっぽを向いてしまいますと、こんな感じで物が見えてしまいます。
この状態ですと、物が2重にみえてしまうため生活できなくなってしまいます。そこで
人間は、ズレている方の目の映像を頭の方で消してしまいます。
このため、見ているものは1つに見えて楽になりますが、ズレている方の目は使われなく
なってしまうので、目の発達が止まってしまい弱視の原因となってしまうことがあります

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弱視について