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‫خرائط‬
‫التدفق‬
‫خرائط‬
‫التدفق‬
‫هي‬
‫أدوات‬
‫تحليلية‬
‫تساعد‬
‫في‬
‫تصور‬
‫سير‬
‫العمليات‬
‫وتحليلها‬
‫بشكل‬
‫شامل‬ . ‫تعتبر‬
‫مفيدة‬
‫في‬
‫تحسين‬
‫الكفاءة‬
‫وتحديد‬
‫المشكالت‬
‫في‬
‫العمليات‬ .
by Mohamed Ezzat
‫أهمية‬
‫خرائط‬
‫التدفق‬
‫في‬
‫تحليل‬
‫العمليات‬
1 ‫توضح‬
‫تسلسل‬
‫األحداث‬
‫تعرض‬
‫خرائط‬
‫التدفق‬
‫التسلسل‬
‫الزمني‬
‫للخطوات‬
‫والعمليات‬
‫ف‬
‫ي‬
‫إنجاز‬
‫المهمة‬
،
‫مما‬
‫يسهل‬
‫فهم‬
‫إجراءات‬
‫العمل‬
‫وتحديد‬
‫األمور‬
‫التي‬
‫تحتاج‬
‫إلى‬
‫تحسين‬ .
2 ‫تكشف‬
‫العراقيل‬
‫والتكرار‬
‫تساعد‬
‫على‬
‫اكتشاف‬
‫العراقيل‬
‫والتكرارات‬
‫في‬
‫العمليات‬
،
‫مما‬
‫يسمح‬
‫بتحسينها‬
‫وتقليل‬
‫األخطاء‬
‫والوقت‬
‫المهدر‬ .
3 ‫تحسن‬
‫تواصل‬
‫الفريق‬
‫تعمل‬
‫خرائط‬
‫التدفق‬
‫كأداة‬
‫لتواصل‬
‫أفضل‬
‫وتوضيح‬
‫األدوار‬
‫والمسؤوليات‬
‫ألعضاء‬
‫الفريق‬
‫في‬
‫المشروع‬
‫أو‬
‫العملية‬ .
4 ‫تعزز‬
‫االبتكار‬
‫والتحسين‬
‫تعطي‬
‫نقطة‬
‫البداية‬
‫لالبتكار‬
‫والتحسين‬
‫المستمر‬
‫من‬
‫خالل‬
‫تحل‬
‫يل‬
‫العمليات‬
‫والبحث‬
‫عن‬
‫فرص‬
‫تحسين‬
‫وتبسيط‬ .
‫أنواع‬
‫خرائط‬
‫التدفق‬
‫خريطة‬
‫تدفق‬
‫العملية‬
‫تعرض‬
‫خريطة‬
‫العملية‬
‫الخطوات‬
‫المتسلسلة‬
‫إلنجاز‬
‫المهمة‬
‫بشكل‬
‫تصاعدي‬
‫من‬
‫البداية‬
‫إلى‬
‫النهاية‬
‫مع‬
‫تحديد‬
‫المداخل‬
‫والمخرجات‬
‫والقرارات‬
‫الرئيسية‬ .
‫خريطة‬
‫تدفق‬
‫العمل‬
‫بأقسام‬
‫تظهر‬
‫خريطة‬
‫العمل‬
‫بأقسام‬
‫تحسين‬
‫تدفق‬
‫العمل‬
‫في‬
‫الفرق‬
‫الوظيفية‬
‫المختلفة‬
‫وتوضح‬
‫المسؤوليات‬
‫والتفاعالت‬
‫بين‬
‫األقسام‬.
‫خريطة‬
‫نظام‬
‫قيمة‬
‫التدفق‬
‫تركز‬
‫على‬
‫خريطة‬
‫تدفق‬
‫المواد‬
‫والمعلومات‬
‫وتحليل‬
‫القيمة‬
‫المضافة‬
‫إليجاد‬
‫فرص‬
‫تحسين‬
‫العمليات‬
‫وإزالة‬
‫اإلهدار‬ .
‫خريطة‬
‫تدفق‬
‫البيانات‬
‫تتبع‬
‫تدفق‬
‫البيانات‬
‫وتكشف‬
‫العمليات‬
‫المرتبطة‬
‫والتفاعالت‬
‫بين‬
‫البيانات‬
‫في‬
‫النظام‬
‫لتحلي‬
‫ل‬
‫وتحسين‬
‫عمليات‬
‫البيانات‬ .
‫كيفية‬
‫إنشاء‬
‫خريطة‬
‫تدفق‬
‫العملية‬
1 ‫تحديد‬
‫العملية‬
‫حدد‬
‫العملية‬
‫التي‬
‫ترغب‬
‫في‬
‫رسم‬
‫خريطتها‬
‫وتصور‬
‫الخطوات‬
‫األساسية‬
‫فيها‬ .
2 ‫تحضير‬
‫البيانات‬
‫قم‬
‫بجمع‬
‫المعلومات‬
‫الالزمة‬
‫عن‬
‫العملية‬
‫من‬
‫مصادر‬
‫مختلفة‬
‫وتحليلها‬
‫لتوصيف‬
‫تفاصيل‬
‫أكثر‬
‫دقة‬ .
3 ‫رسم‬
‫الخريطة‬
‫استخدم‬
‫أدوات‬
‫مختلفة‬
‫مثل‬
‫برامج‬
‫الرسم‬
‫أو‬
‫أنظمة‬
‫جاهزة‬
‫لرسم‬
‫خريطتك‬
‫بدقة‬
‫واتباع‬
‫قواعد‬
‫الرسم‬
‫القياسية‬ .
4 ‫التحقق‬
‫والتحسين‬
‫قم‬
‫بمراجعة‬
‫وتحليل‬
‫الخريطة‬
‫المرسومة‬
‫وتحديد‬
‫المشكالت‬
‫والفرص‬
‫لتحسين‬
‫العملية‬
‫واقتراح‬
‫التحسينات‬
‫المناسبة‬ .
‫تحليل‬
‫خرائط‬
‫التدفق‬
‫وتحديد‬
‫المشكالت‬
‫تحليل‬
‫الوقت‬
‫قم‬
‫بقياس‬
‫الوقت‬
‫المستغرق‬
‫في‬
‫كل‬
‫خطو‬
‫ة‬
‫وتحليلها‬
‫لتحديد‬
‫المناطق‬
‫التي‬
‫تحتاج‬
‫إ‬
‫لى‬
‫تحسين‬
‫وتقليل‬
‫الوقت‬
‫المهدر‬ .
‫تحليل‬
‫الجودة‬
‫راجع‬
‫العملية‬
‫لتحديد‬
‫األخطاء‬
‫الشائعة‬
‫والعراقيل‬
‫ومناطق‬
‫ضعف‬
‫الجودة‬
‫التي‬
‫تحتاج‬
‫إلى‬
‫إصالح‬ .
‫تحليل‬
‫التكاليف‬
‫ّم‬‫ي‬‫ق‬
‫التكاليف‬
‫المرتبطة‬
‫بكل‬
‫خطوة‬
‫وت‬
‫حليلها‬
‫لتحديد‬
‫فرص‬
‫االقتصاد‬
‫وتخفيض‬
‫التكاليف‬.
‫طرق‬
‫تحسين‬
‫العملية‬
‫باستخدام‬
‫خرائط‬
‫التدفق‬
‫تغيير‬
‫التسلسل‬
‫أعد‬
‫ترتيب‬
‫الخطوات‬
‫المتسلسلة‬
‫في‬
‫العملي‬
‫ة‬
‫لتحسين‬
‫تدفق‬
‫العمل‬
‫وتقليل‬
‫تكرار‬
‫الحرك‬
‫ات‬
‫والفواصل‬
‫الزمنية‬ .
‫إزالة‬
‫اإلهدار‬
‫تحليل‬
‫المهام‬
‫غير‬
‫الضرورية‬
‫أو‬
‫القيمة‬
‫المضافة‬
‫القليلة‬
‫وإزالة‬
‫العناصر‬
‫غير‬
‫الضرورية‬
‫لتقليل‬
‫اإلهدار‬ .
‫تحسين‬
‫تكامل‬
‫النظام‬
‫تحسين‬
‫تدفق‬
‫التواصل‬
‫وتبادل‬
‫المعلومات‬
‫ب‬
‫ين‬
‫األقسام‬
‫المختلفة‬
‫لزيادة‬
‫التنسيق‬
‫وتحسين‬
‫كفاءة‬
‫العمل‬.

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خرائط التدفق و استخدامها في العمليات الشركات