БТГ - бестопливный генератор
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Эффективный магнетронный нагреватель воды
Генератор тепла на основе магнетрона. Затраты электроэнергии в несколько раз меньше, чем тепловой выход.
BiTT JLN Labs_Report Independent Third Party Test FRANCE
The document describes Jean-Louis Naudin's replication and testing of the Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) invented by Thane C. Heins of Potential Difference Inc. It details Naudin's goals to validate key claims about the BiTT and his various tests from February to March 2013 that confirmed the device's unusual behavior of using reactive power instead of active power even when loads are added. His conclusions were that the BiTT effect was successfully replicated and that potential efficiency gains are possible by reducing core losses.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Performance vs Conventional EI Transformer
The Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) innovation outperforms conventional transformers because the BiTT primary consumes almost pure reactive power only but delivers real power to the load.
In addition the BiTT uses Secondary Coil BEMF induced magnetic flux to maintain power through the load and as a result Primary Current and Primary Coil temperature do not increase from no-load to on-load.
How to Make a Bi-Toroid Transformer and Exceed 100 % Efficiency
1) Conventional transformers consume real power when supplying power to a load because the flux induced in the secondary couples back to the primary, increasing the primary current and lowering its impedance.
2) A Bi-Toroid transformer consumes mostly reactive power when supplying power to a load because its design prevents flux induced in the secondary from coupling back to the primary.
3) Tests by Defense Research and Development Canada found that a prototype Bi-Toroid transformer exceeded 100% efficiency by consuming reactive rather than real power to supply loads.
How to Make a Bi-Toroid Transformer and Exceed 100 Percent Efficiency in 2013
The document compares the performance of conventional EI transformers to bi-toroid transformers, noting that conventional transformers consume real power when delivering real power to a load due to mutual coupling between the primary and secondary coils, whereas bi-toroid transformers consume only reactive power when delivering real power to a load due to a lack of mutual coupling that prevents secondary induced flux from coupling back to the primary coil. Tests showed that while the primary current and power factor of a conventional transformer changed from no-load to on-load, the bi-toroid transformer's primary current and power factor remained the same, demonstrating that it consumes only reactive power even when delivering
Open Letter To Elon Musk Part 2
Thane Heins invites Elon Musk to see a demonstration of his ReGenX generator technology, which can recharge an electric vehicle battery during driving with zero mechanical input power and even increase the vehicle's speed. Heins provides links to videos and papers validating that the ReGenX generator can produce over 1100% more power output than a conventional generator. Heins believes this self-recharging technology could benefit Tesla Motors and should be evaluated before investing in charging infrastructure. He hopes Musk will attend a demonstration to learn how ReGenX could help rather than hinder Tesla's business.
New Physics for a New Era of Electric Mobility and Clean Power Generation
New Physics for a New Era of Electric Mobility and Clean Power GenerationThane Heins Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology
Introduction...
What is Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration?
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration is a new US patented innovation that allows electric vehicles to recharge themselves as they drive. The innovation accelerates the EV while recharging the vehicles batteries and is the exact opposite of regenerative braking.
How does it do that?
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration introduces a Load Current Delay into generator coil operation which reverses the electric vehicle regenerative braking paradigm.
How long has it been around?
The original discovery was made in 2007, the backing theory was developed at the University of Ottawa from 2007 – 2010.5 and the innovation has been under development since then. 3 US patents have been granted and 4 more are pending.
Commercially manufactured EV Regenerative Acceleration coils now exist which can deliver in excess of 60 Amps (1000 Watts) of recharge current with vehicle acceleration per coil.
What does it mean for electric vehicles?
Electric vehicles can now begin recharging themselves as they drive starting at 30 km/hr. The more recharge current sent to the EV's batteries the more the EV is accelerated, the more the EV's range is increased and the less plug-in recharging is required. 1 How to Calculate Generator Efficiency & What Infinite Efficiency Means
1 How to Calculate Generator Efficiency & What Infinite Efficiency MeansThane Heins Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology
1. The document describes how to calculate the efficiency of a "black box" electric generator system. It involves comparing the electrical power output of the generator to the mechanical power input to the prime mover.
2. A key point is that a generator called the ReGenX operates at "infinite efficiency" because its coil induces a magnetic field that increases the kinetic energy of the system, allowing the prime mover power consumption to decrease rather than increase under load.
3. The ReGenX works by inducing a magnetic field that complements rather than counters the changing field of the rotating magnet, applying a torque that assists rather than resists the motion. This flux harvesting increases output while reducing mechanical input requirements.Recommended
Эффективный магнетронный нагреватель воды
Генератор тепла на основе магнетрона. Затраты электроэнергии в несколько раз меньше, чем тепловой выход.
BiTT JLN Labs_Report Independent Third Party Test FRANCE
The document describes Jean-Louis Naudin's replication and testing of the Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) invented by Thane C. Heins of Potential Difference Inc. It details Naudin's goals to validate key claims about the BiTT and his various tests from February to March 2013 that confirmed the device's unusual behavior of using reactive power instead of active power even when loads are added. His conclusions were that the BiTT effect was successfully replicated and that potential efficiency gains are possible by reducing core losses.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Performance vs Conventional EI Transformer
The Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) innovation outperforms conventional transformers because the BiTT primary consumes almost pure reactive power only but delivers real power to the load.
In addition the BiTT uses Secondary Coil BEMF induced magnetic flux to maintain power through the load and as a result Primary Current and Primary Coil temperature do not increase from no-load to on-load.
How to Make a Bi-Toroid Transformer and Exceed 100 % Efficiency
1) Conventional transformers consume real power when supplying power to a load because the flux induced in the secondary couples back to the primary, increasing the primary current and lowering its impedance.
2) A Bi-Toroid transformer consumes mostly reactive power when supplying power to a load because its design prevents flux induced in the secondary from coupling back to the primary.
3) Tests by Defense Research and Development Canada found that a prototype Bi-Toroid transformer exceeded 100% efficiency by consuming reactive rather than real power to supply loads.
How to Make a Bi-Toroid Transformer and Exceed 100 Percent Efficiency in 2013
The document compares the performance of conventional EI transformers to bi-toroid transformers, noting that conventional transformers consume real power when delivering real power to a load due to mutual coupling between the primary and secondary coils, whereas bi-toroid transformers consume only reactive power when delivering real power to a load due to a lack of mutual coupling that prevents secondary induced flux from coupling back to the primary coil. Tests showed that while the primary current and power factor of a conventional transformer changed from no-load to on-load, the bi-toroid transformer's primary current and power factor remained the same, demonstrating that it consumes only reactive power even when delivering
Open Letter To Elon Musk Part 2
Thane Heins invites Elon Musk to see a demonstration of his ReGenX generator technology, which can recharge an electric vehicle battery during driving with zero mechanical input power and even increase the vehicle's speed. Heins provides links to videos and papers validating that the ReGenX generator can produce over 1100% more power output than a conventional generator. Heins believes this self-recharging technology could benefit Tesla Motors and should be evaluated before investing in charging infrastructure. He hopes Musk will attend a demonstration to learn how ReGenX could help rather than hinder Tesla's business.
New Physics for a New Era of Electric Mobility and Clean Power Generation
New Physics for a New Era of Electric Mobility and Clean Power GenerationThane Heins Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology
Introduction...
What is Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration?
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration is a new US patented innovation that allows electric vehicles to recharge themselves as they drive. The innovation accelerates the EV while recharging the vehicles batteries and is the exact opposite of regenerative braking.
How does it do that?
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration introduces a Load Current Delay into generator coil operation which reverses the electric vehicle regenerative braking paradigm.
How long has it been around?
The original discovery was made in 2007, the backing theory was developed at the University of Ottawa from 2007 – 2010.5 and the innovation has been under development since then. 3 US patents have been granted and 4 more are pending.
Commercially manufactured EV Regenerative Acceleration coils now exist which can deliver in excess of 60 Amps (1000 Watts) of recharge current with vehicle acceleration per coil.
What does it mean for electric vehicles?
Electric vehicles can now begin recharging themselves as they drive starting at 30 km/hr. The more recharge current sent to the EV's batteries the more the EV is accelerated, the more the EV's range is increased and the less plug-in recharging is required. 1 How to Calculate Generator Efficiency & What Infinite Efficiency Means
1 How to Calculate Generator Efficiency & What Infinite Efficiency MeansThane Heins Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology
1. The document describes how to calculate the efficiency of a "black box" electric generator system. It involves comparing the electrical power output of the generator to the mechanical power input to the prime mover.
2. A key point is that a generator called the ReGenX operates at "infinite efficiency" because its coil induces a magnetic field that increases the kinetic energy of the system, allowing the prime mover power consumption to decrease rather than increase under load.
3. The ReGenX works by inducing a magnetic field that complements rather than counters the changing field of the rotating magnet, applying a torque that assists rather than resists the motion. This flux harvesting increases output while reducing mechanical input requirements.INTRODUCTION to Potential Difference Inc. Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT)
INTRODUCTION to Potential Difference Inc. Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT)Thane Heins Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Clean-Tech Solution at a Glace...
Global Clean-Tech Problem:
Transformer Back EMF Induced Magnetic Fields and Load Power Factor variations causing transformer overheating and efficiency losses.
PDi Solution:
Divert and delay said magnetic fields and use them to do useful work.
A lei dominical
1) O documento discute como as leis dominicais estão mais próximas do que se imagina e como Satanás planeja usar a lei dominical e a igreja para controlar o mundo.
2) Satanás quer enganar as pessoas a adorarem a imagem da besta através da atração, música, exibição e promessas de paz e segurança.
3) Uma aliança ecumênica está sendo formada entre católicos e protestantes para estabelecer o domingo como dia santo mundialmente.
2018 INFINITE EFFICIENCY ReGenX Generator, Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests Report...
2018 INFINITE EFFICIENCY ReGenX Generator, Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests Report...Thane Heins Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology
ReGenX Generator and Bi-Toroid Transformer 3rd Party Independent Test Data and Systems Efficiency Performance Analysis prepared for Siemens March 2018 showing the ReGenX Generator and Bi-Toroid Transformer operating at infinite efficiency.
What does INFINITE EFFICIENCY mean?
Infinite efficiency generator performance means that; a zero Watt mechanical drive shaft input power increase is required when the generator is placed on-load from idle rotational equilibrium.Laboratorio de maquinas
lab de maquinas, resumo de práticas de laboratórios de máquinas elétricas.
Dividido por aulas, as práticas contém um conteúdo informativo, e após isso, os esquemas de montagem dos equipamentos
Factor de potencia
El documento habla sobre el factor de potencia en circuitos eléctricos. Explica los diferentes tipos de potencia como activa, reactiva y aparente. Luego define el factor de potencia como la cantidad de potencia aparente que se está aprovechando como potencia activa. Finalmente, describe métodos para compensar un bajo factor de potencia como el uso de bancos de capacitores o motores síncronos.
New Physics for a New Era of Electric Mobility and Clean Power Generation
Thane C. Heins
President and CEO
Potential +/- Difference inc.
Pioneering Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration and Charging Ahead...
“You never change things by fighting the existing reality.
To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.”
― Buckminster Fuller
Tesla switch
The document provides an overview of the Panacea-BOCAF On-Line University, which covers clean energy technology. It discusses the Tesla switch circuit, also known as the Brandt switch, which allows batteries to self-charge and power loads simultaneously. Several replications of the circuit are described, with the most successful being a mechanical version built by Matthew Jones that was able to free wheel a motor and charge batteries. Theories of how the circuit works are discussed, emphasizing the importance of abrupt switching and electron current blocking.
Tesla Powerwall installation manual
This document provides installation and user instructions for the Tesla Powerwall battery backup system. It includes specifications for the Powerwall, site requirements for installation, step-by-step installation instructions, information on normal operation and care, and troubleshooting tips. Safety is a top priority, and numerous warnings are provided throughout to ensure the Powerwall is installed and used properly to prevent electrical shock, injury, fire or other hazards.
Catalog stamford
This document provides an installation and adjustments manual for a Power Factor Controller (PFC3) that is designed to control the power factor and reactive current of a generator running in parallel with the main electrical grid. It describes the various operating modes and safety features of the PFC3, including power factor control, reactive current control, generator current limiting, low excitation limiting, and voltage matching. The document also covers installation, commissioning, user controls, operation, troubleshooting and specifications.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Technology (BiTT) Principle of Operation
The Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) uses a novel design that improves upon conventional transformers. It places the primary coil in the center of a three-phase transformer, with the two secondaries on either side. An outer toroid connects the secondaries but isolates them from the primary. This allows energy transfer from primary to secondaries in one direction only, like a magnetic diode. With resistive loads, the BiTT primary power factor and current do not change from no-load to on-load conditions. This increased efficiency can lower power losses by 30% or more. Potential applications include battery chargers and electric vehicles.
Perdidas 1
Este documento describe las pérdidas de potencia y la eficiencia en los transformadores monofásicos. Explica que los transformadores tienen pérdidas debido a factores como los ciclos de histéresis, las corrientes parasitas y las pérdidas en el cobre del bobinado. También describe métodos para medir las pérdidas en el hierro y en el cobre de un transformador.
What Causes Drivetrain Malfunction In Your Mini Cooper S
Drivetrain malfunction can bring your Mini Cooper S to a halt in the middle of nowhere. Therefore, signs of drivetrain malfunction in your car should never be underestimated. Get it checked out by a trusted mechanic before it leads to bigger problems.
Xолодный ядерный синтез Ф.М. Канарев
Холодный ядерный синтез - первая гипотеза об источнике дополнительной энергии при обычном электролизе тяжелой воды. Авторами этой гипотезы являются американские электрохимики Флешман и Понс. Они объявили об этом в 1989 году. С тех пор в разных странах проведено большое количество экспериментов по получению дополнительной энергии из воды.
пневмогидравлические генераторы
Генераторы электроэнергии, не требующие топлива. Вращение машины обеспечивает эффект охлаждения воздуха. Тепло поглощается из окружающей среды.
ReGenX (Regenerative Acceleration Generator) replication : FULL TESTS REPORT ...
Full TESTS REPORT about the replication of the Thane C. Heins Regenerative Acceleration Generator (ReGenX) from PDI
Hanna skliarova porosity of nb magnetron sputtered thin films and dependenc...
Pinholes (or through film porosity) in Nb thin film deposited on the inner walls of SRF cavities are harmful for cavity performance because they may expose inferior copper that has much higher resistance than niobium at 4.2 K. Aluminated quartz substrates allowed us to make visible the pore sites for inspection and counting by production visible corrosion products. We showed the correlation between the amount of pinholes in niobium thin film prepared by magnetron sputtering and the deposition parameters, such as sputtering gas pressure, substrate temperature, applied bias, placing of the sample in UBM sputtering mode. Thus low temperature of the substrate and high sputtering gas pressure promoted growth of a voided film (that corresponds to SZM approach) with high amount of pinholes. Heating of the substrate during deposition has resulted in moderate decrease of the pinhole amount, while negative bias applied to the substrate showed stronger decrease of the pinhole amount thanks to additional bombardment of the substrate by Ar+ serving to remove weakly bounded particles during deposition.
Clean energy magnetron water heater
This document describes a proposed technology for highly efficient water heating using magnetron effects. It begins by providing background on previous work exploring this approach. It then describes the operating principle of a magnetron, how electrons move and interact with electromagnetic waves in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. Experimental results are presented showing increased heating efficiency in a "sub-critical mode" providing confirmation the approach is viable. Finally, it outlines proposals for further developing the technology, including patenting, designing prototypes from 1-100kW, and eventually industrial-scale heaters of 100kW or more.
F. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna Adaptation
1) The document discusses deconstructing magnetrons from microwave ovens to use their resonant cavities and tap wires as antennas for experimentation.
2) Connecting the tap wire to an SMA connector was difficult due to material incompatibilities between the copper cavity and stainless steel panel mount.
3) Simulating the magnetron output in EM Pro software proved too complex, so plane wave simulations were used instead. Reducing the magnetron's 900-1000W output power was also explored through circuit designs.
Daniel adrien franco lespinasse - status of magnetron sputtered qwr
The objective of this research is the deposition of a superconductive thin film onto copper Quarter Wave Resonator cavities that can be used in the HIE-ISOLDE facility at CERN. To do this, it was developed an innovative magnetron configuration source. Our experience has shown the efficiency of this particular configuration in order to deposit a uniform thin film, and also improve the superconductive properties of the niobium (Residual Resistance Ratio and Critical Temperature). This presentation presents the recent improvement of the niobium thin film properties and the procedure used to deposit and measure the first resonator at LNL of HIE-ISOLDE type.
Pira - Cylindrical post magnetron sputtering
http://www.surfacetreatments.it/thinfilms
Cylindrical Post-Magnetron sputtering for High Rate Niobium deposition (Cristian Pira - 15')
Speaker: Cristian Pira - INFN-LNL | Duration: 15 min.
Abstract
The use of Nb/Cu cavity at CERN for the LEP and at the INFN-LNL for Alpi Linac has demonstrated the possibility to use this technology for particles accelerators to substitute the more expensive technology of niobium bulk cavity. The limit of the Nb/Cu cavity is the Q-slope, which decreases the Q factor at high accelerating fields. The accelerators community supposes that it’s possible to eliminate, or to decrease, the problem of Q-slope with high pure films of sputtered niobium. One way to obtain pure films is to decrease the number of impurities enclosed in the growing film.
It’s possible to reduce the number of impurities when the sputtering rate process increases.
We study the possibility to enhance the plasma density in order to increase the sputtering rate and then reduce the impurities in the niobium sputtered film and finally obtain high pure films.
In order to enhance the plasma density we sputter the niobium target with high currents to heat it and get to thermoionic emission. This sputtering method is called high rate sputtering.
First results of Niobium coatings will be presented.
Magnetron sputtering equipment simulation
PIC-MCCM is a module to compute plasma parameters of non-equilibrium and low temperature plasma in various semiconductor manufacturing reactors, magnetron sputtering reactors and thin-film manufacturing reactors. A numerical method of behavior of charged particles is PIC(Particle-In-Cell) method and a numerical method of collision between charged particles and neutral particles (elastic, in-elastic such as ionization, excitation, charge exchange and dissociation etc.) is Monte Carlo method, respectively. PIC-MCCM is a module to compute the motion of charged particles by small time steps (less than nsec) in the electric field generated by spatial charge and electrodes(RF,DC and grounded),insulators and/or ICP coils under magneto-statistical fi eld in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates.
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Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Clean-Tech Solution at a Glace...
Global Clean-Tech Problem:
Transformer Back EMF Induced Magnetic Fields and Load Power Factor variations causing transformer overheating and efficiency losses.
PDi Solution:
Divert and delay said magnetic fields and use them to do useful work.
A lei dominical
1) O documento discute como as leis dominicais estão mais próximas do que se imagina e como Satanás planeja usar a lei dominical e a igreja para controlar o mundo.
2) Satanás quer enganar as pessoas a adorarem a imagem da besta através da atração, música, exibição e promessas de paz e segurança.
3) Uma aliança ecumênica está sendo formada entre católicos e protestantes para estabelecer o domingo como dia santo mundialmente.
2018 INFINITE EFFICIENCY ReGenX Generator, Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests Report...
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ReGenX Generator and Bi-Toroid Transformer 3rd Party Independent Test Data and Systems Efficiency Performance Analysis prepared for Siemens March 2018 showing the ReGenX Generator and Bi-Toroid Transformer operating at infinite efficiency.
What does INFINITE EFFICIENCY mean?
Infinite efficiency generator performance means that; a zero Watt mechanical drive shaft input power increase is required when the generator is placed on-load from idle rotational equilibrium.Laboratorio de maquinas
lab de maquinas, resumo de práticas de laboratórios de máquinas elétricas.
Dividido por aulas, as práticas contém um conteúdo informativo, e após isso, os esquemas de montagem dos equipamentos
Factor de potencia
El documento habla sobre el factor de potencia en circuitos eléctricos. Explica los diferentes tipos de potencia como activa, reactiva y aparente. Luego define el factor de potencia como la cantidad de potencia aparente que se está aprovechando como potencia activa. Finalmente, describe métodos para compensar un bajo factor de potencia como el uso de bancos de capacitores o motores síncronos.
New Physics for a New Era of Electric Mobility and Clean Power Generation
Thane C. Heins
President and CEO
Potential +/- Difference inc.
Pioneering Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration and Charging Ahead...
“You never change things by fighting the existing reality.
To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.”
― Buckminster Fuller
Tesla switch
The document provides an overview of the Panacea-BOCAF On-Line University, which covers clean energy technology. It discusses the Tesla switch circuit, also known as the Brandt switch, which allows batteries to self-charge and power loads simultaneously. Several replications of the circuit are described, with the most successful being a mechanical version built by Matthew Jones that was able to free wheel a motor and charge batteries. Theories of how the circuit works are discussed, emphasizing the importance of abrupt switching and electron current blocking.
Tesla Powerwall installation manual
This document provides installation and user instructions for the Tesla Powerwall battery backup system. It includes specifications for the Powerwall, site requirements for installation, step-by-step installation instructions, information on normal operation and care, and troubleshooting tips. Safety is a top priority, and numerous warnings are provided throughout to ensure the Powerwall is installed and used properly to prevent electrical shock, injury, fire or other hazards.
Catalog stamford
This document provides an installation and adjustments manual for a Power Factor Controller (PFC3) that is designed to control the power factor and reactive current of a generator running in parallel with the main electrical grid. It describes the various operating modes and safety features of the PFC3, including power factor control, reactive current control, generator current limiting, low excitation limiting, and voltage matching. The document also covers installation, commissioning, user controls, operation, troubleshooting and specifications.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Technology (BiTT) Principle of Operation
The Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) uses a novel design that improves upon conventional transformers. It places the primary coil in the center of a three-phase transformer, with the two secondaries on either side. An outer toroid connects the secondaries but isolates them from the primary. This allows energy transfer from primary to secondaries in one direction only, like a magnetic diode. With resistive loads, the BiTT primary power factor and current do not change from no-load to on-load conditions. This increased efficiency can lower power losses by 30% or more. Potential applications include battery chargers and electric vehicles.
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Este documento describe las pérdidas de potencia y la eficiencia en los transformadores monofásicos. Explica que los transformadores tienen pérdidas debido a factores como los ciclos de histéresis, las corrientes parasitas y las pérdidas en el cobre del bobinado. También describe métodos para medir las pérdidas en el hierro y en el cobre de un transformador.
What Causes Drivetrain Malfunction In Your Mini Cooper S
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Xолодный ядерный синтез Ф.М. Канарев
Холодный ядерный синтез - первая гипотеза об источнике дополнительной энергии при обычном электролизе тяжелой воды. Авторами этой гипотезы являются американские электрохимики Флешман и Понс. Они объявили об этом в 1989 году. С тех пор в разных странах проведено большое количество экспериментов по получению дополнительной энергии из воды.
пневмогидравлические генераторы
Генераторы электроэнергии, не требующие топлива. Вращение машины обеспечивает эффект охлаждения воздуха. Тепло поглощается из окружающей среды.
ReGenX (Regenerative Acceleration Generator) replication : FULL TESTS REPORT ...
Full TESTS REPORT about the replication of the Thane C. Heins Regenerative Acceleration Generator (ReGenX) from PDI
Hanna skliarova porosity of nb magnetron sputtered thin films and dependenc...
Pinholes (or through film porosity) in Nb thin film deposited on the inner walls of SRF cavities are harmful for cavity performance because they may expose inferior copper that has much higher resistance than niobium at 4.2 K. Aluminated quartz substrates allowed us to make visible the pore sites for inspection and counting by production visible corrosion products. We showed the correlation between the amount of pinholes in niobium thin film prepared by magnetron sputtering and the deposition parameters, such as sputtering gas pressure, substrate temperature, applied bias, placing of the sample in UBM sputtering mode. Thus low temperature of the substrate and high sputtering gas pressure promoted growth of a voided film (that corresponds to SZM approach) with high amount of pinholes. Heating of the substrate during deposition has resulted in moderate decrease of the pinhole amount, while negative bias applied to the substrate showed stronger decrease of the pinhole amount thanks to additional bombardment of the substrate by Ar+ serving to remove weakly bounded particles during deposition.
Clean energy magnetron water heater
This document describes a proposed technology for highly efficient water heating using magnetron effects. It begins by providing background on previous work exploring this approach. It then describes the operating principle of a magnetron, how electrons move and interact with electromagnetic waves in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. Experimental results are presented showing increased heating efficiency in a "sub-critical mode" providing confirmation the approach is viable. Finally, it outlines proposals for further developing the technology, including patenting, designing prototypes from 1-100kW, and eventually industrial-scale heaters of 100kW or more.
F. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna Adaptation
1) The document discusses deconstructing magnetrons from microwave ovens to use their resonant cavities and tap wires as antennas for experimentation.
2) Connecting the tap wire to an SMA connector was difficult due to material incompatibilities between the copper cavity and stainless steel panel mount.
3) Simulating the magnetron output in EM Pro software proved too complex, so plane wave simulations were used instead. Reducing the magnetron's 900-1000W output power was also explored through circuit designs.
Daniel adrien franco lespinasse - status of magnetron sputtered qwr
The objective of this research is the deposition of a superconductive thin film onto copper Quarter Wave Resonator cavities that can be used in the HIE-ISOLDE facility at CERN. To do this, it was developed an innovative magnetron configuration source. Our experience has shown the efficiency of this particular configuration in order to deposit a uniform thin film, and also improve the superconductive properties of the niobium (Residual Resistance Ratio and Critical Temperature). This presentation presents the recent improvement of the niobium thin film properties and the procedure used to deposit and measure the first resonator at LNL of HIE-ISOLDE type.
Pira - Cylindrical post magnetron sputtering
http://www.surfacetreatments.it/thinfilms
Cylindrical Post-Magnetron sputtering for High Rate Niobium deposition (Cristian Pira - 15')
Speaker: Cristian Pira - INFN-LNL | Duration: 15 min.
Abstract
The use of Nb/Cu cavity at CERN for the LEP and at the INFN-LNL for Alpi Linac has demonstrated the possibility to use this technology for particles accelerators to substitute the more expensive technology of niobium bulk cavity. The limit of the Nb/Cu cavity is the Q-slope, which decreases the Q factor at high accelerating fields. The accelerators community supposes that it’s possible to eliminate, or to decrease, the problem of Q-slope with high pure films of sputtered niobium. One way to obtain pure films is to decrease the number of impurities enclosed in the growing film.
It’s possible to reduce the number of impurities when the sputtering rate process increases.
We study the possibility to enhance the plasma density in order to increase the sputtering rate and then reduce the impurities in the niobium sputtered film and finally obtain high pure films.
In order to enhance the plasma density we sputter the niobium target with high currents to heat it and get to thermoionic emission. This sputtering method is called high rate sputtering.
First results of Niobium coatings will be presented.
Magnetron sputtering equipment simulation
PIC-MCCM is a module to compute plasma parameters of non-equilibrium and low temperature plasma in various semiconductor manufacturing reactors, magnetron sputtering reactors and thin-film manufacturing reactors. A numerical method of behavior of charged particles is PIC(Particle-In-Cell) method and a numerical method of collision between charged particles and neutral particles (elastic, in-elastic such as ionization, excitation, charge exchange and dissociation etc.) is Monte Carlo method, respectively. PIC-MCCM is a module to compute the motion of charged particles by small time steps (less than nsec) in the electric field generated by spatial charge and electrodes(RF,DC and grounded),insulators and/or ICP coils under magneto-statistical fi eld in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates.
D. First Prototype Engineering Drawings, Pictures, and Improvements
The document contains several technical drawings of components for a small cylindrical electromagnetic drive device, including:
1) Drawings of plates, screws, and rods for mounting a magnetron, dielectric, and movable plate inside the cylinder.
2) Drawings for a rod and guide fixtures to control the position of the movable plate.
3) Drawings for end plates to enclose the cylinder.
Chamber for in-situ synchrotron radiation studies of thin films grown by reac...
Chamber for in-situ synchrotron radiation studies of thin films grown by reac...Javier García Molleja
Poster co-author presented at International Congress on X-ray Optics and Microanalysis in Campinas (Brazil) in 2011and at I Jornadas de Intercambio Científico de Posgrados meeting in Rosario (Argentina) in 2011662 magnetrons
This document summarizes information about magnetrons, which are microwave devices that use magnetic and electric fields to generate microwaves. Some key points:
1) Magnetrons were an early microwave device and were crucial for radar technology in World War II, allowing for the development of high-power microwave sources. Commercial magnetrons now provide powers up to several megawatts.
2) Magnetrons operate by using magnetic and electric fields to cause electrons emitted from a cathode to travel in spiral paths around an anode, interacting with resonant cavities to generate microwave oscillations.
3) The electrons form a cloud-like structure called the Brillouin cloud, confined by the magnetic field. The Hull cutoff condition relates the
Magnetron
A magnetron is a vacuum tube device that generates microwaves using the interaction of a magnetic field and electric field. It was invented in 1920 by Albert Hull and improved in 1940 by John Randall who invented the resonant cavity magnetron. A magnetron operates by using a magnetic field to keep electrons in a spiral motion around an anode, generating microwaves in a resonant cavity. Its main applications include use in radar systems, microwave ovens for heating, and lighting such as in sulfur lamps.
Bubble power
This document describes bubble power or sonofusion as a potential clean energy source. Sonofusion uses ultrasonic sound waves to compress and heat deuterium bubbles in a liquid, potentially causing nuclear fusion. The document outlines the process, including using a piezoelectric crystal to generate oscillations in a flask of deuterated acetone, and firing neutrons to further compress bubbles. If successful, bubble power could provide unlimited clean energy similar to thermonuclear fusion but on a smaller scale. However, the technology remains unproven and would require significant development to implement on a useful scale.
bubble power By Hitesh Khatri
This document is a seminar report on bubble power submitted by Hitesh Khatri in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering. The report discusses sonoluminescence, which is the emission of light from bubbles in a liquid when excited by sound. It describes how a single bubble can be trapped and made to repeatedly expand and collapse, emitting a burst of light each time. The report then discusses how this phenomenon of sonoluminescence could potentially be used to achieve nuclear fusion through a process called sonofusion, in which the extreme temperatures and pressures inside an imploding bubble could cause hydrogen nuclei to fuse. It outlines the various components and processes involved in attempting to generate nuclear fusion
bubble power
This document provides information on sonofusion as a potential new energy source. It discusses how sonofusion works by using ultrasonic waves to create bubbles in a liquid that collapse violently, generating extreme heat and pressure that can fuse hydrogen isotopes. The document outlines the experimental setup for sonofusion, including the use of deuterated acetone, a piezoelectric crystal to generate pressure waves, and a neutron generator. It also summarizes the multi-stage process within the bubbles and evidence that fusion is occurring through neutron detection.
Magnetron
The magnetron is a vacuum tube that generates high power microwaves using the interaction between an electron stream and magnetic field. It has a cathode at the center surrounded by cylindrical cavities. A magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the electric field between the cathode and anode. This causes electrons to spiral and induce radio waves in the cavities. The waves are extracted and used in applications like radar, microwave ovens, and lighting. Key advantages are its efficiency and ability to generate a range of frequencies, though the frequency is not precisely controllable.
BUBBLE POWER
This document describes bubble power, also known as acoustic inertial confinement fusion. It involves using ultrasonic sound waves to implode tiny bubbles inside a flask of deuterated acetone, fusing hydrogen nuclei and releasing energy. The document outlines the process, including using a piezoelectric crystal to generate pressure waves in the flask that create and collapse bubbles, potentially reaching temperatures hot enough to produce fusion. It discusses applications for energy production and as a low-cost neutron generator. The technology offers a potentially sustainable and environmentally-friendly energy source.
Bubble power (Sonofusion)
This document presents information on bubble power, a proposed method of nuclear fusion. Bubble power aims to use sound waves to implode bubbles of deuterium gas and cause fusion. If successful, it could provide cheap, clean, and limitless energy. However, developing the technology into a viable power plant faces challenges of scale and the need for more advanced apparatus. Evidence of fusion is assessed through measuring tritium production and detecting neutron emissions. The presentation of bubble power concludes that if these challenges can be overcome, it may revolutionize energy production.
Microwave Oven
Microwave ovens work by using electromagnetic waves to heat up water molecules in food. A device called a magnetron generates microwaves at 2.45 GHz, which cause the water molecules in food to vibrate, generating heat. The microwaves are reflected inside the oven and cause uniform heating. While microwaves are a form of non-ionizing radiation and do not damage DNA, exposure should be limited as high amounts can cause thermal damage to sensitive organs. Safety standards limit leakage to safe levels and proper maintenance is important for safe operation.
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D. First Prototype Engineering Drawings, Pictures, and Improvements
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