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20 Web Surpasses One Billion Documents
http://www.inktomi.com/new/press/billion.html
21 http://www.searchengineshowdown.com/stats/sizeest.shtml
22 Trainer Wortham, News and Noteworthy Market Commentary, Fourth Quarter 1999
23 O'Neill, Edward, Characteristics of Web Accessible Information, IFLA JOURNAL
24 (1998), p.114-116, 1998
24 The Web Characterization Project, http://wcp.oclc.org/stats/misc.html
25 Internet Filter Review, Pornography Statistics 2003, statistics derived from a
number of different reputable sources including Google, WordTracker, PBS, MSNBC,
NRC, and Alexa research

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of Justice, Washington, D.C.
27 Federal Bureau of Investigation, reported in Talking Points: Important Facts About
Pornography, Take Action Manual, National Coalition for the Protection of Children
and Families, p. 8
28 American Family Association, “Outreach: Facts About Pornography,”
29 Encarta encyclopedia, under “Pornography”

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1, ACLU vs. Reno, 929, 1996
31 Booth, Michael. Porn in the USA Denver Post, January 26, 2004
32 Porn in the U.S.A, CBS News, September 5, 2004.
33 Dennis McAlpine is an analyst at Auerbach, Pollak and Richardson, an investment
banking and brokerage firm. He has covered the entertainment industry for nearly two
decades

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1994. He has been involved in more than 700 obscenity cases throughout his career
35 Wein, B., Morality in the Media Newsletter, July/August 1994.
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36 Effect of Pornography on Women and Children, U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee,
Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, 98th Congress, 2nd Session, 1984
37 Schlosser, Eric, Business of Pornography, U.S. News World Report, February
10, 1997
38 Porn in the U.S.A, CBS News, September 5, 2004
39 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, also known as the “Meese
Commission” or the “Meese Report”, 1960 pp., 1986. http://www.porn-report.com/

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41 Use of “contemporary community standards” as the criterion for testing descriptions
or depictions of sexual matters
42 United States Supreme Court, 1957, Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476. The case
decided in 1957 by the U.S. Supreme Court. Samuel Roth of New York City was
convicted of mailing obscene materials. On appeal his conviction was affirmed by the
Supreme Court, which held that obscenity was not protected by the First Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution. The court ruled that material is obscene if, to the average
person applying contemporary community standards, the dominant overall theme
appeals to prurient interest. In later decisions in 1973 and 1974 the Court held that
community standards need not be national; a state can establish its own standards if it
defines them explicitly.
43 Obscenity Law Reporter:
http://www.moralityinmedia.org/nolc/index.htm?olrIndex.htm
44 Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973) was an important United States Supreme
Court case involving a 5-4 decision on June 21, 1973. The decision reiterated that
obscenity was not protected by the First Amendment and established the Miller test for
determining what constituted obscene material. The Miller test has three parts:
(1)Whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would
find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest, (2) Whether the
work depicts/describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically
defined by applicable state law, (3) Whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious
literary, artistic, political, or scientific value .
45
http://www.moralityinmedia.org/index.htm?obscenityEnforcement/playboyvivid.htm
34

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NRC, and Alexa research

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48 Trainer Wortham, News and Noteworthy Market Commentary, Fourth Quarter
1999.
49 U.S. Commerce Department
50 O'Neill, Edward, Characteristics of Web Accessible Information, IFLA JOURNAL
24 (1998), p.114-116, 1998
51 Rutkowski, Tony. Internet Trends, General Magic, February 1997. www.
genmagic. com/ Internet/ Trends (5- 14-97)
52 Wright, Robert. The Man Who Invented the Web. Time 149( 20): 64- 68( 19 May
1997)
53 Gray, Matthew. Web Growth Data, 19 March 1997.
54 The Web Characterization Project, http://wcp.oclc.org/stats.htm
55 G.A. Servi, 'Sexy F Seeks Hot M': A Mother's Tale Discovering a Child's X-Rated
E-Mail, Newsweek, July 3, 1995, 51
56 U.S. News and World Report, February 10, 1997

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58 Rimm, Marty, Marketing Pornography on the Information Superhighway,
Georgetown Law Journal, Issue 5, Volume 83, 1849-1934, June 1995
59 Log-On Data Corporation, August 1997 survey
60 Interactive Week Survey March, 1997
61 Wall Street Meets Pornography. New York Times, 23 October, 2000
62 Steve Watters, an Internet research analyst at Focus on the Family

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64 U.S. News World Report, 3/27/2000
65 “Porn and Politics in the Digital Age” by Nicholas Confessore , PBS (Public
Broadcasting Service), Feb. 7, 2002.
66 “American Porn” produced and directed by Michael Kirk, and written by Kirk and
Peter J. Boyer. PBS (Public Broadcasting Service), Feb 7, 2002.
67 “MP Declares War on Porn”, Irish Independent, January 21, 2004

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Sex, Gender, and Reproduction at Indiana University
69 Internet Filter Review, Pornography Statistics 2003, statistics derived from a
number of different reputable sources including Google, WordTracker, PBS, MSNBC,
NRC, and Alexa research
70 Dr. Robert Weiss, Sexual Recovery Institute, Washington Times 1/26/2000
71 Attorney General’s Commission of Pornography, 1986
72 Yankelovich Partners Study, September 1999

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83 http://www.mediascope.org/pubs/ibriefs/cc.htm
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86 Shepherd, C. ed. News of the Weird. Los Angeles Reader , November 13, 1992
87 Pornography: A review of scientific literature, Stan E. Weed, Ph.D. 17 October,
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88 More TV Sex, USA Today. 30 March, 2000
89 Linz, D. G., Donnerstein, E., Penrod, S.. Effects of long-term exposure to violent
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