This document discusses Michel Eugene Chevreul's discovery of the phenomenon of simultaneous contrast in color perception. Chevreul observed that when two colors are placed next to each other, they appear different than when viewed alone due to their interaction. This discovery influenced many artists, including Paul Gauguin, whose painting Woman with a Flower depicts the effect through the colors in the flower and skin. Chevreul's work established the scientific basis of how the eye perceives color relationships.