EU: Antibiotics - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020IndexBox Marketing
This document provides a sample summary of an EU antibiotics market report that analyzes the market from 2007-2015 and forecasts to 2020. It includes key findings on market volume, value, production, imports, and exports in 2015. The report also covers domestic production, trade balances, market structure by country, prices, trade channels, business environment, and company profiles. Tables and figures present data on these topics.
Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs obtained from Streptomyces bacteria. They work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Resistance can occur via efflux pumps, ribosomal protection, or enzymatic oxidation. Tetracyclines have a general structure of a four-ring hydrocarbon system. Derivatives include doxycycline, minocycline, and tigecycline. They are used to treat infections from bacteria, protozoa, and rickettsiae. Adverse effects include gastrointestinal issues and tooth/bone staining.
Bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections can cause keratitis, which is an inflammation of the cornea. The document discusses the normal flora of the eye and bacteria that can overcome intact epithelium. It describes the presentation of bacterial keratitis and factors that can predispose the eye to infection like contact lens wear or trauma. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, exam findings, and testing corneal scrapings, while treatment involves appropriate antibiotics.
This document discusses various antifungal drugs including polyenes like amphotericin B and nystatin, echinocandins like caspofungin, and the heterocyclic benzofuran griseofulvin. It describes their mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal that is fungicidal but highly nephrotoxic. Caspofungin inhibits glucan synthase in fungal cell walls. Griseofulvin binds microtubules to treat dermatophytosis.
Antibiotics,antibiotics resistances,classification of antibiotics,misuse of antibiotics details discussed here. for more information visit my blog helpful for pharmacy and medical student.thanks.
http://mydreamlan.wordpress.com/category/education/
- Antibiotics selectively target microbial processes without harming human host cells. Proper antibiotic use and hand hygiene have improved patient outcomes.
- Many antibiotics are naturally produced by bacteria and fungi to inhibit competition. Major classes include penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and sulfonamides.
- Antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall, protein, or nucleic acid synthesis. However, antibiotic resistance has emerged through various mechanisms and poses a growing challenge.
EU: Antibiotics - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020IndexBox Marketing
This document provides a sample summary of an EU antibiotics market report that analyzes the market from 2007-2015 and forecasts to 2020. It includes key findings on market volume, value, production, imports, and exports in 2015. The report also covers domestic production, trade balances, market structure by country, prices, trade channels, business environment, and company profiles. Tables and figures present data on these topics.
Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs obtained from Streptomyces bacteria. They work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Resistance can occur via efflux pumps, ribosomal protection, or enzymatic oxidation. Tetracyclines have a general structure of a four-ring hydrocarbon system. Derivatives include doxycycline, minocycline, and tigecycline. They are used to treat infections from bacteria, protozoa, and rickettsiae. Adverse effects include gastrointestinal issues and tooth/bone staining.
Bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections can cause keratitis, which is an inflammation of the cornea. The document discusses the normal flora of the eye and bacteria that can overcome intact epithelium. It describes the presentation of bacterial keratitis and factors that can predispose the eye to infection like contact lens wear or trauma. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, exam findings, and testing corneal scrapings, while treatment involves appropriate antibiotics.
This document discusses various antifungal drugs including polyenes like amphotericin B and nystatin, echinocandins like caspofungin, and the heterocyclic benzofuran griseofulvin. It describes their mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal that is fungicidal but highly nephrotoxic. Caspofungin inhibits glucan synthase in fungal cell walls. Griseofulvin binds microtubules to treat dermatophytosis.
Antibiotics,antibiotics resistances,classification of antibiotics,misuse of antibiotics details discussed here. for more information visit my blog helpful for pharmacy and medical student.thanks.
http://mydreamlan.wordpress.com/category/education/
- Antibiotics selectively target microbial processes without harming human host cells. Proper antibiotic use and hand hygiene have improved patient outcomes.
- Many antibiotics are naturally produced by bacteria and fungi to inhibit competition. Major classes include penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and sulfonamides.
- Antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall, protein, or nucleic acid synthesis. However, antibiotic resistance has emerged through various mechanisms and poses a growing challenge.
Антимикробная терапия инфекций респираторного тракта с позиций национальной б...Igor Guchev
How to implement national safety rules while treating
Принципы обеспечения национальной безопасности при составлении клинических руководств и стандатров
Форум IPhEB - Иващенко А.А., председатель Совета директоров ЦВТ «ХимРар»Diana Larina
Презентация доклада на Санкт-Петербургском Международном Форуме по фармацевтике и биотехнологиям IPhEB (26-28 апреля 2011)
"Университетские кластеры как основной инновационный механизм реализации Стратегий развития Медпром и Фарма 2020"
Reproducibility and predictivity in the genetics of predispositions ppt 2013Nikita Khromov-Borisov
Poor reproducibility and low predictive values of the results in the genetics of predispositions become a systemic problem. Results of the
statistical quality control of genetic tests in the study should be supported with not only integral indices such as odds ratios (OR), but with the
post-test (posterior) predictive probabilities (PPV and NPV) and likelihood ratios (LR[+] and LR[-]). Usefulness of predictiveness graphs
for visualization of the relationships between the prevalence as a pretest (prior) probability of disease and predictive values PPV and NPV as
posttest (posterior) probabilities is demonstrated. Predictive capabilities of widely used genetic, observational, instrumental and immunological
diagnostic tests are discussed. Several examples of such tests are presented and it is shown that despite of their high statistical significance they
are not able to provide clinically important association between the disease and biomarker. The predictive power of the vast majority of genetic
markers (given very wide confidence intervals due to small sample sizes) differs little from the population prevalence of the disease. Extremely
rare the odds ratios in the studies on the genetics of dispositions exceed practically critical OR = 5. As a result, in most cases, recommendations
of medical geneticists are based on clinically negligible (though statistically significant) recognizablity and predictability of genetic markers.
This document discusses a mobile app that aims to help chronic patients feel less lonely by connecting them anonymously with others nearby dealing with similar conditions. The app allows users to share experiences, get answers to everyday questions, and find a sense of community without providing personal details. It also helps cut costs on doctor visits by exchanging information with other caregivers. The business model relies on targeted advertising for pharmaceutical companies and anonymized data sales. It has already launched focusing on type 1 diabetes patients and reached 10% of its target audience within 100 days with 30% monthly active users and 20% posting. The main revenue options are drug advertising and anonymized data sales.
Doctors 2.0 & You 2016 slides Ilya KupriyanovIlya Kupriyanov
The document discusses a mobile app called Doctor At Work created by Stanislav Sazhin and Ilya Kupriyanov. It aims to provide doctors with a platform to access data, education, and shared experiences through their mobile devices. Research showed that doctors increasingly use smartphones and tablets both during and after work, making mobile the preferred method of accessing information compared to traditional PC or slow databases. The app will offer real-time prescription monitoring and connect over 470,000 verified doctors to share best practices.
Антимикробная терапия инфекций респираторного тракта с позиций национальной б...Igor Guchev
How to implement national safety rules while treating
Принципы обеспечения национальной безопасности при составлении клинических руководств и стандатров
Форум IPhEB - Иващенко А.А., председатель Совета директоров ЦВТ «ХимРар»Diana Larina
Презентация доклада на Санкт-Петербургском Международном Форуме по фармацевтике и биотехнологиям IPhEB (26-28 апреля 2011)
"Университетские кластеры как основной инновационный механизм реализации Стратегий развития Медпром и Фарма 2020"
Reproducibility and predictivity in the genetics of predispositions ppt 2013Nikita Khromov-Borisov
Poor reproducibility and low predictive values of the results in the genetics of predispositions become a systemic problem. Results of the
statistical quality control of genetic tests in the study should be supported with not only integral indices such as odds ratios (OR), but with the
post-test (posterior) predictive probabilities (PPV and NPV) and likelihood ratios (LR[+] and LR[-]). Usefulness of predictiveness graphs
for visualization of the relationships between the prevalence as a pretest (prior) probability of disease and predictive values PPV and NPV as
posttest (posterior) probabilities is demonstrated. Predictive capabilities of widely used genetic, observational, instrumental and immunological
diagnostic tests are discussed. Several examples of such tests are presented and it is shown that despite of their high statistical significance they
are not able to provide clinically important association between the disease and biomarker. The predictive power of the vast majority of genetic
markers (given very wide confidence intervals due to small sample sizes) differs little from the population prevalence of the disease. Extremely
rare the odds ratios in the studies on the genetics of dispositions exceed practically critical OR = 5. As a result, in most cases, recommendations
of medical geneticists are based on clinically negligible (though statistically significant) recognizablity and predictability of genetic markers.
Similar to Резистентность угроза для будущего (20)
This document discusses a mobile app that aims to help chronic patients feel less lonely by connecting them anonymously with others nearby dealing with similar conditions. The app allows users to share experiences, get answers to everyday questions, and find a sense of community without providing personal details. It also helps cut costs on doctor visits by exchanging information with other caregivers. The business model relies on targeted advertising for pharmaceutical companies and anonymized data sales. It has already launched focusing on type 1 diabetes patients and reached 10% of its target audience within 100 days with 30% monthly active users and 20% posting. The main revenue options are drug advertising and anonymized data sales.
Doctors 2.0 & You 2016 slides Ilya KupriyanovIlya Kupriyanov
The document discusses a mobile app called Doctor At Work created by Stanislav Sazhin and Ilya Kupriyanov. It aims to provide doctors with a platform to access data, education, and shared experiences through their mobile devices. Research showed that doctors increasingly use smartphones and tablets both during and after work, making mobile the preferred method of accessing information compared to traditional PC or slow databases. The app will offer real-time prescription monitoring and connect over 470,000 verified doctors to share best practices.
Medcampus.ru is a Russian online platform that connects over 210,000 verified physicians, 106,500 medical students, and 3,100 pharmacists. The platform sees strong monthly growth in its audience and engagement, with a new login every 8 seconds, new clinical material every 16 seconds, and a new member joining every 2 minutes. The document discusses strategies for attracting, engaging, and measuring the performance of key audience groups through content like articles, presentations, videos, and personal messaging.
Наш взгляд на положение вещей в профессиональных сообществах для врачей. Включая группы в основных социальных сетях и доступность с мобильных устройств.
Обзор Российского врачебного интернета по состоянию на май 2015. Профессиональные социальные сети, а так же крупнейшие группы.
.
Вопросы и пожелания? sales@doktornarabote.ru
Какими сайтами пользуются врачи? Кто создает контент на этих сайтах? Как часто врачи их посещают? Насколько активно врачи комментируют публикации на сайтах?
Drug rating is a mobile app that allows users to see what 175,000 physicians think about various drugs. It has received over 5,000 downloads without any advertising and is the number 2 top free medical app in Russia. The app complies with all relevant Russian laws and regulations. It was created by an experienced team with a goal of improving communication between physicians, pharmacists, and consumers in the large Russian pharmaceutical market worth $30 billion in 2013.
Medcampus.ru and Smartpharma.ru are social networks connecting 160,000 verified Russian-speaking physicians online. They provide pharma companies with targeted, legal, and cost-effective ways to communicate with physicians, replacing outdated offline representative visits. The company is growing rapidly, adding 5% more users per month, and aims to raise $3 million to accelerate user acquisition, develop mobile apps, and expand its business-to-business products and services.
2. ДАЛЬНЕЙШИЙ РОСТ
АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ –
РЕАЛЬНАЯ УГРОЗА ДЛЯ БУДУЩЕГО
В настоящее время нависла угроза
глобального кризиса в разработке
новых антибактериальных
препаратов
Уже в 2004 году опубликованы
данные:
среди новых молекулярных
субстанций, разработанных 15-ю
крупнейшими фармацевтическими
производителями только 1,6%
пришелся на антибиотики
Spellberg B, Powers JH, Brass EP, Miller LG, Edwards JE Jr: Trends in Antimicrobial
Drug Development: Implications for the Future. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 38(9):1279–1286.
2
3. В последние годы эта тенденция еще
более усугубилась
В 2010 году глава Агентства
европейской медицины (EMA) Томас
Лонгрен заявил:
«Мы вынуждены признать 5-летний
провал – период, в который не
произошло каких-либо исследований
новых антибактериальных
препаратов»
Hirschler B: EU regulator calls for more antibiotic research. ; 2010. [cited 2013 5/5/13];
Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/15/us-medicines-europeidUSTRE6BE5C920101215.
3
4. Большое внимание уделяется так называемым ESKAPE патогенам – бактериям, которые демонстрируют высокую патогенность
и уже часто имеют высокую резистентность
к применяемым в настоящее время антибиотикам и режимам терапии
Эти патогены несут наибольший риск
тяжелых инфекций и смертельных
исходов
ESKAPE-патогены включают:
• Enterococcus faecium
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Acinetobacter baumanni
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Enterobacter species
Rice LB: Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens:
no ESKAPE. J Infect Dis 2008, 197(8):1079–81.
4
5. ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ
РОСТА АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ
В Европе оцениваются как дополнительные 25 000 смертей в год среди
госпитализированных пациентов
с ориентировочным экономическим
ущербом в 900 млн EUR
В США оцениваются как дополнительные 23 000 смертей в год с ориентировочным экономическим ущербом
в 26 млн $
Brogan DM, Mossialos E.Incentives for new antibiotics: the Options Market for Antibiotics (OMA)
model. Global Health. 2013 Nov 7;9(1):58. [Epub ahead of print]
5
6. ПОЧЕМУ ЖЕ НОВЫЕ АНТИБИОТИКИ
НЕ РЕГИСТРИРУЮТСЯ?
Существуют объективные технические сложности открытия новых молекул, которые были бы
эффективны, особенно в отношении грамотрицательных бактерий по причине разнообразия механизмов антибиотикорезистентности*
После того, как технические проблемы преодолены, клинические испытания для антибиотиков являются самыми сложными по дизайну*
Исследование одного антибиотика требует несколько клинических испытаний - для каждого
нового показания к применению и для каждой
системы органов**
Это приводит к очень серьезному повышению
затрат производителей, которые несоизмеримо выше по сравнению с исследованиями
лекарств из любой другой терапевтической
категории**
* Ridge KW, Hand K, Sharland M, Abubakar I, Livermore DM: Antimicrobial Resistance,Annual
Report of the Chief Medical Officer. Volume Two, 2011. Infections and the rise of antimicrobial
resistance. London: CMO; 2013. Report Available from:http://www.dh.gov.uk/health/2013/03/
cmo-vol2/.
** DiMasi JA, Grabowski HG, Vernon J: R&D Costs and Returns by Therapeutic Category.
Drug Inf J 2004, 38(3):211–223.
6
7. КОЛИЧЕСТВО
ЗАРЕГИСТРИРОВАННЫХ FDA
новых антибактериальных препаратов
(по 5-летним периодам),
1983-2012 годы
16
14
Total number of new antibiotic agents
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1983-87
1988-92
1993-97
1998-02
2003-07
2007-12
DiMasi JA, Grabowski HG, Vernon J: R&D Costs and Returns by Therapeutic Category.
Drug Inf J 2004, 38(3):211–223.
7
8. ЧТО ДЕЛАТЬ В СЛОЖИВШЕЙСЯ
СИТУАЦИИ?
Трансатлантическая Рабочая группа по Антимикробной резистентности (TATFAR) в 2009
году приняла решение сосредоточиться
на проблеме устойчивости к антибиотикам
и определила приоритетные направления
работы:
1
Мониторинг и поощрение надлежащего
использования антибиотиков в медицине и ветеринарии
2
Предупреждение инфекций, вызванных
антибиотикорезистентными штаммами
Для успешного осуществления этой
стратегии необходимо, чтобы каждый
профессионал в сфере здравоохранения соблюдал принципы рациональной
антибиотикотерапии
8
