Ordering and density amorphous phase of polymer-matrix PTFE-composite materia...Елена Овечкина
Discusses the impact of dispersed filler in the form of microcrystalline graphite (MG) on the formation of the supramolecular structure of the amorphous–crystalline polymeric materials the binary system of PTFE + MG. The theoretically calculated and experimental values of the composites densities are compared. The theoretical model of densities calculation takes into account the degree of crystallinity and the degree of the polymer–matrix (PM) ordering, as well as the deformation of the crystal cell in the amorphous phase. The degree of ordering and density of PM PTFE–composites amorphous phase behave in a complex manner with increasing content of dispersed filler and in a different way than with fibrous filler in the form of carbon fiber (CF). Studies of dual systems of PTFE + MG and PTFE + CF have shown that the ordering presence the amorphous phase can be considered one of the formation factors of the composite materials supramolecular structure based on amorphous–crystalline polymers.
Proteins: structure, packaging, transport and degradationТатьяна Древицкая
Chemical structure of proteins
- amino acids
- peptide bond and polypeptide chain
Secondary structure
- α-chine
- β-Structure
The globular structure (folding of proteins), the Levintal paradox
- the role of the secondary structure in the formation of the globule
- Globule stabilization, chaperones
- structure of membrane proteins
- unstructured proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, translocon
Failure in folding, endoplasmic reticulum stress
Regulation, degradation
- limited proteolysis
- proteasome proteolysis
- lysosomal (autophagy, mTOR)
- extracellular proteolysis
Ordering and density amorphous phase of polymer-matrix PTFE-composite materia...Елена Овечкина
Discusses the impact of dispersed filler in the form of microcrystalline graphite (MG) on the formation of the supramolecular structure of the amorphous–crystalline polymeric materials the binary system of PTFE + MG. The theoretically calculated and experimental values of the composites densities are compared. The theoretical model of densities calculation takes into account the degree of crystallinity and the degree of the polymer–matrix (PM) ordering, as well as the deformation of the crystal cell in the amorphous phase. The degree of ordering and density of PM PTFE–composites amorphous phase behave in a complex manner with increasing content of dispersed filler and in a different way than with fibrous filler in the form of carbon fiber (CF). Studies of dual systems of PTFE + MG and PTFE + CF have shown that the ordering presence the amorphous phase can be considered one of the formation factors of the composite materials supramolecular structure based on amorphous–crystalline polymers.
Proteins: structure, packaging, transport and degradationТатьяна Древицкая
Chemical structure of proteins
- amino acids
- peptide bond and polypeptide chain
Secondary structure
- α-chine
- β-Structure
The globular structure (folding of proteins), the Levintal paradox
- the role of the secondary structure in the formation of the globule
- Globule stabilization, chaperones
- structure of membrane proteins
- unstructured proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, translocon
Failure in folding, endoplasmic reticulum stress
Regulation, degradation
- limited proteolysis
- proteasome proteolysis
- lysosomal (autophagy, mTOR)
- extracellular proteolysis
This document summarizes several youth subcultures, including bikers, goths, punks, ravers, rockers, skinheads, hackers, and hippies. It describes the origins and key characteristics of each subculture, such as their musical and ideological roots, styles of dress, and behaviors. The subcultures emerged from the late 1960s to early 2000s in places like England, the US, Germany and Russia, with each developing its own unique identity centered around shared interests, aesthetics and worldviews.
This document presents a proposal for a new smart bracelet device called the "Speaking Bracelet". The bracelet would allow users to receive calls and messages from their phone without needing to take their phone out, as it connects wirelessly. It has a built-in microphone so users can talk or record voice messages. The bracelet also tells time, plays music, and sends reminders. It is presented as a potential new product from a fictional company called "Qwerty" by two students as part of a school project. They conducted a survey that found many people struggle to use their phones conveniently in certain situations, so this bracelet could solve that problem while having additional useful functions.
This document summarizes several youth subcultures, including bikers, goths, punks, ravers, rockers, skinheads, hackers, and hippies. It describes the origins and key characteristics of each subculture, such as their musical and ideological roots, styles of dress, and behaviors. The subcultures emerged from the late 1960s to early 2000s in places like England, the US, Germany and Russia, with each developing its own unique identity centered around shared interests, aesthetics and worldviews.
This document presents a proposal for a new smart bracelet device called the "Speaking Bracelet". The bracelet would allow users to receive calls and messages from their phone without needing to take their phone out, as it connects wirelessly. It has a built-in microphone so users can talk or record voice messages. The bracelet also tells time, plays music, and sends reminders. It is presented as a potential new product from a fictional company called "Qwerty" by two students as part of a school project. They conducted a survey that found many people struggle to use their phones conveniently in certain situations, so this bracelet could solve that problem while having additional useful functions.
2. ПолимерыПолимеры - вещества, молекулы
которых состоят из большого числа
повторяющихся группировок,
соединенных между собой химическими
связями
Высокомолекулярные вещества,
состоящие из больших молекул цепного
строения, называются полимерамиполимерами
(от греч. "поли" - много, "мерос" - часть).
Молекула полимера называется
макромолекулоймакромолекулой (от греч. "макрос" -
большой, длинный).
7. Молекулярная массаМолекулярная масса
макромолекулы имакромолекулы и
полимераполимера
М(макромолекулы) = M(звена) • n
n - степень полимеризации,
M - относительная молекулярная
масса
Mср(полимера) = M(звена) • nср
8. КлассификацияКлассификация
полимеровполимеров
По происхождению полимеры делят:
1) на природные, биополимеры (полисахариды,
белки, каучук,
нуклеиновые кислоты,
2) искусственные - полученные из природных путем
химических превращений (целлулоид, ацетатное,
медноаммиачное, вискозное волокна);
3) синтетические - полученные из мономеров
(синтетические каучуки, волокна (капрон,
лавсан), пластмассы).
17. В реакцию поликонденсации вступают
аминокислоты. При этом образуется
биополимер- белок и побочное
низкомолекулярное вещество – вода:
…+ Н NН-СН(R)–СООН+ … Н NН-СН(R)–СООН+…
…-NН-СН(R)-СО- NН-СН(R)-СО-… + nН2О
Реакцией поликонденсации получают многие
полимеры, в том числе капрон.
18. ИсточникиИсточники
• О.С. Габриелян, И.Г. Остроумов
Химия Материалы для подготовки к
ЕГЭ-М.:Дрофа, 2008
• http://www.chemistry.ssu.samara.ru
• http://www.chem.msu.su/rus/elibrary