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レーザースキャナ計測に基づく
の三次元形状分析
早川 裕一 (東京大・院)
小口 高 (東京大)
礫の形状をあらわす指標
• 長径,中径,短径(a,b,c)
• 名目直径 --- dn
• 円磨度(円形度,roundness)
• 球形率(sphericity)
• 細長度(elongation ratio)--- b / a
• 扁平率(flatness ratio) --- 2c / (a+b) など.
 






RN
r
X i
r
円磨度 Roundness
(Wadell, 1932) (Krumbein, 1941)
球形率 Sphericity
S
sn
ψ 
a
dn
か
わ
り
に実表面積…測定困難。 外接球直径 ≒ 長径
名目直径名目表面積
レーザースキャナ
↓
三次元デジタルモデル
↓
形状指標の定量的評価
本研究のおおまかな流れ
レーザースキャナ
LPX-250 by Roland DG Corp.
採取した礫の例
n = 41
礫のスキャン
礫のスキャン
精度:0.4 ~ 1 mm
solid naka01a.stl
facet normal 0.2795602949 -0.8252740436 0.4906819688
outer loop
vertex 0.7764515778 -1.2801083090 0.4188600376
vertex 0.8032858266 -1.2594114062 0.4383814929
vertex 0.7679872667 -1.2641279472 0.4505597212
endloop
endfacet
facet normal 0.3153114283 -0.8346899401 0.4515212145
outer loop
vertex 0.7764515778 -1.2801083090 0.4188600376
vertex 0.7983786327 -1.2711477206 0.4201123862
vertex 0.8032858266 -1.2594114062 0.4383814929
endloop
endfacet
facet normal -0.3769164541 -0.8771725560 0.2974933505
outer loop
vertex -0.1236353842 -1.1082896527 0.4782325328
vertex -0.0945062137 -1.1192420922 0.4828446841
vertex -0.1126934821 -1.1041669758 0.5042515413
endloop
endfacet
facet normal -0.3774418440 -0.8370624209 0.3960608008
outer loop
vertex -0.1236353842 -1.1082896527 0.4782325328
vertex -0.1083375221 -1.1176586230 0.4730102041
vertex -0.0945062137 -1.1192420922 0.4828446841
endloop
x y z
↓ ↓ ↓
計測できる主な形状要素
• 長径,中径,短径(a, b, c)
• 体積(V)→ 名目直径(d
n)
• 表面積(S)
• 重心座標
球形率・円磨度の評価
True Sphericity
(真の球形率,Wadell, 1932)
S
sn
ψ 
表面積
← 従来の代替球形率
a
dn
Alternative vs. True Sphericity
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90
Alternative Sphericity, d n/a
TrueSphericity,sn/S
●:円礫
▲:角礫
Alternative Sphericity (dn/a)
vs. Roundness
y = 0.04 x + 0.70
R2
= 0.03
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Roundness by Krumbein
TraditionalSphericity,dn/a
True Sphericity
vs. Roundness
y = 0.14 x + 0.76
R2
= 0.48
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Roundness by Krumbein
TrueSphericity,sn/S
Roundnessの定量評価例
y = 0.03 x + 0.12
R2
= 0.66
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Roundness
V/S/(abc)^(1/3)
3
abcS
V

表面の粗度の評価
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Coordinate
軸に沿った表面積の分布
1 mm
各軸に沿った表面積の分布
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Normalized face area
Coordinatesdevidedbydn
x
y
z
Surface area
coordinates
Surface area
coordinates
グラフの違いと表面粗度
ぎざぎざ なめらか
でこぼこ さらり
>
表面粗度
表面積分布グラフの角度
グラフの角度の計測
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
0 100 200 300
Surface area [mm2
]
xcoordinates[mm]
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
Type of shape
Averagedangleofthe
indentation
Angular Rough
Rounded Rough
Angular Smooth
Rounded Smooth
表面粗度とグラフの角度
角
度
(
平
均
)
滑粗
87.5 %
87.5 %
結論と展望
• 三次元スキャンにより礫の形状要素が容易に計
測できた。
•従来扱い難かった表面積のデータを処理できる
ようになった。
• 表面の粗度をある程度評価することができた。
• より詳細な形状解析(曲率など)が望まれる。

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レーザースキャナ計測に基づく礫の三次元形状分析