The document discusses the urban heat island effect and its impacts. It notes that urban heat island intensity in European cities ranges from 1 to 10 degrees Celsius. It also notes that the number of hours and degree hours above 30 degrees Celsius in Athens has increased considerably from 1990-2004 compared to 1977-1989. The peak electricity demand for cooling buildings increases significantly due to the urban heat island effect.
Tots ells busquen una família que els adopti i els estimi!!
Els trobaràs al: CAAD MARESME – ARGENTONA Crta. Comarcal C-1415c
(darrera cementiri nou) ARGENTONA // Tel. CAAD 93 797 42 72
Πρόγραμμα Μεταφοράς Καινοτομίας Leonardo da Vinci
EΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΑ ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΑ ΓΙΑ ΑΕΙΦΟΡΑ ΚΤΙΡΙΑ
Παρουσίαση του προγράμματος στην αίθουσα εκδηλώσεων
του Τεχνικού Επιμελητηρίου Ελλάδος, 30 Οκτωβρίου 2013 και ώρα 17:30 – 20:30
Συνδιοργάνωση του Τεχνικού Επιμελητηρίου Ελλάδος
του ΣΑΔΑΣ – Πανελλήνιας Ένωσης Αρχιτεκτόνων
και του Ελληνικού Τμήματος της UIA
Tots ells busquen una família que els adopti i els estimi!!
Els trobaràs al: CAAD MARESME – ARGENTONA Crta. Comarcal C-1415c
(darrera cementiri nou) ARGENTONA // Tel. CAAD 93 797 42 72
Πρόγραμμα Μεταφοράς Καινοτομίας Leonardo da Vinci
EΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΑ ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΑ ΓΙΑ ΑΕΙΦΟΡΑ ΚΤΙΡΙΑ
Παρουσίαση του προγράμματος στην αίθουσα εκδηλώσεων
του Τεχνικού Επιμελητηρίου Ελλάδος, 30 Οκτωβρίου 2013 και ώρα 17:30 – 20:30
Συνδιοργάνωση του Τεχνικού Επιμελητηρίου Ελλάδος
του ΣΑΔΑΣ – Πανελλήνιας Ένωσης Αρχιτεκτόνων
και του Ελληνικού Τμήματος της UIA
1. Σάββατο 6 Οκτωβρίου 2012
MEC EXPO CENTER
1
E.I.Π.Α.Κ. 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2. Εργαλεία αξιολόγησης και
πιστοποίησης
περιβαλλοντικής ποιότητας
και αειφορίας στις
κατασκευές
Στέλλα Κυβέλου, Επ.καθηγήτρια, Πρόεδρος SDMed
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
3. 1. Επίπτωση του αστικού
περιβάλλοντος στην χρήση
των φυσικών πόρων και
στην εκπομπή ρύπων
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
4. Impact of the built environment in
resource use and pollution emission
The built environment
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
5. 2. Το αστικό κλίμα και
μικροκλίμα
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
6. ΥΨΗΛΗ ΕΝΤΑΣΗ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΝΗΣΙΔΑΣ
ΘΕΡΜΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΣΤΙΣ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΙΚ΅Σ ΠΟΛΕΙΣ
Heat Island intensity ranges between 1 and 10 C.
Heat Island is present in low, mid and high latitude
locations.
It is observed during the day and the night period
Source : M.Santamouris.
Alexandri E., Jones P.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
7. ΥΨΗΛΗ ΕΝΤΑΣΗ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΝΗΣΙΔΑΣ ΘΕΡΜΟΤΗΤΑΣ
ΣΤΙΣ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΙΚΕΣ ΠΟΛΕΙΣ
Especially in south Europe, heat island is very
intense during the day period, contributing to a high
increase of discomfort hours, increase of the cooling
load of buildings and a very important increase of the
peak electricity demand.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
8. 120
100 June 1977-1989
July ‘90-’04
c ΕΝΑ ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ
June 1990-2004
80 July 1977-1989
July 1990-2004
July ‘77-’89 ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗΣ : AΘΗΝΑ
DH
60 June 90-04
In Athens, the number of hours and degree hours
40
above 30º C, has increased considerably during
June ‘90-’04
20 June ‘77-’89 1990-2004, compared to the period 1977-1989.
0
The whole phenomenon is statistically significant.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hours For July and August the corresponding increase is
around 30-40 %..
120
100 August 1977-1989t
d
August 90-04
80 August 1990-2004
August 77-89
September 1977-1989
DH
60 September 1990-2004
40
Sept 90-04
20
Sept 77-89
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hours
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
9. ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ
ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗΣ
In Athens the peak electricity
demand for cooling of an office
building increases by 300 %
because of the heat island.
Πηγή : Παν.Αθηνών, Καθ.Μ.Σανταμούρης
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
10. ΕΝΑ ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ
ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗΣ:
AΘΗΝΑ
The annual number of hours
above 37º C and 40º C
is continuously increasing.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
11. ΕΝΑ ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ
ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ
ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗΣ:
AΘΗΝΑ
The number of consecutive
hours above 35º C is increasing
continuously.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
12. HEAT ISLAND IS WELL
DOCUMENTED
Heat Island in dense Mediterranean
cities is strong and is developed in
dense urban areas with important
anthropogenic heat and with a positive
heat balance because of the use of
absorbing materials, lack of vegetation
and low urban ventilation rates.
Heat Island Intensity may reach
values close to 10 K.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
13. ALL FUTURE CLIMATIC SCENARIA SHOW
AN IMPORTANT INCREASE OF URBAN
TEMPERATURES
A2
1000
900 A1B
800
B2
700
600 A1B
500
400 A1B
300
200 FORECAST OF COOLING DEGREE DAYS
100 (26 C) , IN ATHENS
0
1960-1990
1 2041-2050
2 2091-2100
3 2091-2100
4 2091-2100
5
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
14. ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ
ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗΣ
Heat Island causes:
• Temperature rise
• Thermal discomfort
• Increase of the electricity
• Health problems
demand
• Rise of the electricity peak
• Decline of the economy
• Greenhouse gases emissions
increase
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
15. ΕΠΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ
ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗΣ
The peak load demand is constantly
increasing
October 2012
16. The use of air conditioning
increases the peak electricity
demand in most of the
Southern European countries.
In parallel, this is the main reason
for blackouts and electricity
shortage.
Such a huge increase of the peak
electricity demand oblige
utilities to build additional
power plants operating under
a low utilisability factor, and
thus, increase the cost of
electricity.
December 2011
17. ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ
ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗΣ
In Athens the cooling demand of
an office building increases by
120 % because of the heat island.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
18. ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ
ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗΣ
Because of the Heat Island in London, the
cooling load is increased by 25% while the
heating load is reduced by 22 %.
Also the cooling potential of night ventilation
techniques is reduced by 55%.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
19. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
The use of air conditioning increases
considerably the annual electricity
expenses, especially in the low income
groups.
As a mean value, the use of air
conditioning increases the annual
expenses to about 100 Euros per
household, or 0,6 Euros/m2, or 12.5
Euros per person. The increase is
much higher for the low income
groups, where the relative increase
of the cost because of the air
conditioning use is close to 195
Euros/household, or 1.2 Euros/m2,
or 87 Euros/person.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
20. FUTURE SCENARIA
The Cooling Load of
buildings is expected to
increase by 120% by 2050
and almost 250% by 2100
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
21. ΤΕΧΝΙΚΕΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΜΕΤΡΙΑΣΜΟ ΤΗΣ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΝΗΣΙΔΑΣ
ΘΕΡΜΟΤΗΤΑΣ
Techniques to Improve the Urban Microclimate and Heat Island
Mitigation strategies concentrate on:
• the increased use of green areas,
• the use of appropriate materials, more specifically the use of
white and colored high reflective materials/coatings,
• the decrease of anthropogenic heat
• the use of cool sinks for heat dissipation,
• appropriate layout of urban canopies involving the use of solar
control, techniques to enhance air flow, etc.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
22. Περιβαλλοντικές μεθοδολογίες και εργαλεία για την εκτίμηση της ενεργειακής και
περιβαλλοντικής απόδοσης των κτιρίων αλλά και την εκτίμηση της αειφορίας.
Σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα, διακρίνονται τόσο το SBTool (Sustainable Building
Tool), ένα διεθνές εγχείρημα που συντονίζεται από τον Καναδά, το LEED for Home
(Leadership in Energy and Environment Design), μια μέθοδος που αναπτύχθηκε
στις ΗΠΑ, και το CASBEE μια μέθοδος που αναπτύχθηκε στην Ιαπωνία. Στην
Ευρώπη μια από τις πιο διαδεδομένες μεθόδους είναι η BREEAM (Building
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) στη Μ.Βρετανία.
Εξάλλου, εξαιρετικό ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η μέθοδος HQE ( Haute Qualité
Environnementale ) η οποία αναπτύχθηκε στη Γαλλία κατά τη τελευταία
δεκαπενταετία αλλά και το εργαλείο VERDE που αναπτύχθηκε στην Ισπανία.
Τέλος εξαιρετικό ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η μέθοδος SDMed που έχει
εκπονηθεί από Ομάδα εμπειρογνωμόνων της ομώνυμης Ένωσης βασισμένη στην
γαλλική πολύ-κριτηριακή μέθοδο HQE και με δυνατότητα προσαρμογής στις
τοπικές συνθήκες της Μεσογείου και της Ελλάδας.
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
23. LEED
BREEAM
DGNB
HQE…..
in Europe
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
25. BREEAM is leader
LABEL Number of use emphasis Strategy
certifications
ΒREEAM 200 000 Certification of Transport ( at 1000 experts
commercial least one on sustainable
centres public construction
e.g Unibail- transport to enhance
Rodamco with station-500 m ) homogeneity
80 shopping Biodiversity world-wide
centres
LEED 10 000 Tertiary
buildings -
China
HQE 700
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
26. Η μεθοδολογία SD-MED Process for buildings
σχεδιασμού και αξιολόγησης κτιρίων με κριτήρια
βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης
Εμπειρογνώμονες της Ένωσης “SD-MED” εκπόνησαν
μεθοδολογία βασισμένη στην Γαλλική προσέγγιση HQE και
με δυνατότητα προσαρμογής σε τοπικό επίπεδο
copainville analyse DD
site dans plan paysage
20
choix constructifs adaptés à la
Aménagement de la parcelle
durée de vie de l'ouvrage 15
10
calcul en coût global Energie
5
0
qualité de l'air ressources et matériaux
Conforts ressources et eau
utilité sociale du bâtiment ressources et déchets
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
27. General comparison of the main tools
Tool Geograp Life cycle Usage of tool Outcome
hical phases
Range
HQE national - all phases simple / open, linked to the Base, Performant,
France French regulations very performant
VERDE global – med all phases spreadsheet from 0-5 for each
parameter
BREEAM national - UK all phases import data for third party to poor, good , very good,
asses excellent environmental
performance
GBPtool global all phases -1 to +5 scale for each
complex spreadsheet environmental issue
LEED national USA all phases import data for third party to Labeling (certified –
assess platinum performance)
CASBEE global all phases complex spreadsheet and Score graphs,
Labeling (poor- excellent
manual
sustainable building)
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
28. Sustainable development analysis for
buildings
source: J.Hetzel, 2006
copainville analyse DD
site dans plan paysage
20
choix constructifs adaptés à la
Aménagement de la parcelle
durée de vie de l'ouvrage 15
10
calcul en coût global Energie
5
0
qualité de l'air ressources et matériaux
Conforts ressources et eau
utilité sociale du bâtiment ressources et déchets
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
29. Main Issues of Concern ( Cibles et Sous-cibles) to be taken into account in a
Mediterranean SD-MED process for buildings
A. Criteria affecting environmental efficiency
A1. Ressources and environnemental impact
CIBLE 1 : Minimize impacts on Resources (ENIC) 1. impact on energy resources
2. depletion of raw materials
3. water use and water management
CIBLE 2 : Minimize Pollution emission (ENIC) 1. emission to air (CO2)
2. water effluents
3. solid waste generation
CIBLE 3 : Minimize Local and regional impacts 1. impact of building with regard to urban form
(ENIC) 2. heat island effect
3. 3. atmospheric light pollution
A2. Environmental quality
CIBLE 4 : Improving Indoor environment (ENIC) 1. Acoustic comfort
2. Thermal comfort
3. Visual Comfort
4. Air Quality
5. Activity comfort
6. Olfactory Comfort
7. Adaptive opportunity
CIBLE 5 : Improving Quality of service(ENIC) 1. Functionality- Controllability
2. Flexibility-Adaptability
3. Durability-maintenance
4. Waste management
30. Main Issues of Concern ( Cibles et Sous-cibles) to be taken into account in a
Mediterranean SD-MED process for buildings
Β. Criteria affecting economic efficiency
CIBLE 6 : 1. Cost of land and construction
Improving Economic efficiency
2. Life Cycle cost (€/year)
(ECIC)
3. Waste management and emission costs (€/year)
C. Criteria affecting social efficiency
CIBLE 7 : 1. user participation
Improving Social efficiency(SIC) 2. health and productivity
3. security for building users
4. access for physically handicapped persons
5. access to direct sunlight from living areas of dwelling
units
6. access to private open space from dwelling units
7. visual privacy from the exterior in principal areas of
dwelling units
8. access to views from work areas on offices and other
commercial buildings
9. job creation
31. Athina tower,La
Defense, triple
certification HQE-
LEED Gold-
BREEAM very good
Contract between
Bouygues Immo
and Allianz
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012
32. “Στο μέλλον ένα κτίριο θα αποκτά το «δικαίωμα»
να κατασκευάζεται ακριβώς επειδή θα
συνεισφέρει στην παροχή ενέργειας
των γειτονικών κτιρίων των οποίων το δυναμικό
ενεργειακής αναβάθμισης είναι εξαντλημένο..”
Valérie David, Directrice du développement durable
du Groupe Eiffage
BuildingGreen Expo 2012 – 1st Passive Building Conference, Athens, October 2012