1. Shear and diagonal tension are two failure modes of reinforced concrete beams. Shear failure occurs when the shear stresses exceed the shear capacity of the beam. Diagonal tension failure occurs due to cracking along a diagonal plane.
2. Shear stresses can be calculated using equilibrium equations that relate applied shear, shear capacity, and section properties. The shear capacity is generally limited to less than 1.5 times the square root of the concrete compressive strength.
3. Shear reinforcement such as stirrups or bent bars is used to improve the ductility and increase the shear capacity of beams subjected to high shear stresses. Codes specify minimum shear reinforcement ratios to prevent brittle shear failures.
This document discusses air conditioning unit horsepower ratings ranging from 1.5 to 6 horsepower at 50Hz. It provides the BTU ratings and cubic meter air volumes for different horsepower units, showing that a 1.5 horsepower unit with dimensions of 4.5m x 3.2m x 3m would have a volume of 43.2 cubic meters, matching its BTU rating of 13500 BTU/hour.
1. Shear and diagonal tension are two failure modes of reinforced concrete beams. Shear failure occurs when the shear stresses exceed the shear capacity of the beam. Diagonal tension failure occurs due to cracking along a diagonal plane.
2. Shear stresses can be calculated using equilibrium equations that relate applied shear, shear capacity, and section properties. The shear capacity is generally limited to less than 1.5 times the square root of the concrete compressive strength.
3. Shear reinforcement such as stirrups or bent bars is used to improve the ductility and increase the shear capacity of beams subjected to high shear stresses. Codes specify minimum shear reinforcement ratios to prevent brittle shear failures.
This document discusses air conditioning unit horsepower ratings ranging from 1.5 to 6 horsepower at 50Hz. It provides the BTU ratings and cubic meter air volumes for different horsepower units, showing that a 1.5 horsepower unit with dimensions of 4.5m x 3.2m x 3m would have a volume of 43.2 cubic meters, matching its BTU rating of 13500 BTU/hour.
This document summarizes the key activities undertaken by the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction to establish land use plans and improve land management in Cambodia between 1993 and 1997. It outlines the ministry's efforts to demarcate land boundaries, register land titles, clarify land disputes, and strengthen legal frameworks. The summary emphasizes how these initiatives helped promote sustainable social and economic development through more secure land tenure.
This document discusses methods for determining soil bearing capacity from standard penetration test (SPT) numbers. It provides Meyerhof and Bowles equations that relate allowable soil bearing capacity (Qa) to SPT numbers (N) and footing parameters. It also gives examples of using the equations to calculate Qa for different soil and footing conditions.
This document summarizes the key activities undertaken by the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction to establish land use plans and improve land management in Cambodia between 1993 and 1997. It outlines the ministry's efforts to demarcate land boundaries, register land titles, clarify land disputes, and strengthen legal frameworks. The summary emphasizes how these initiatives helped promote sustainable social and economic development through more secure land tenure.
This document discusses methods for determining soil bearing capacity from standard penetration test (SPT) numbers. It provides Meyerhof and Bowles equations that relate allowable soil bearing capacity (Qa) to SPT numbers (N) and footing parameters. It also gives examples of using the equations to calculate Qa for different soil and footing conditions.
