영어 논문쓰기 능력 배양을 '쓰기와 읽기의 통합'이라는 관점에서 정리해 보았습니다. 대략 반학기 강의 내용을 압축해 놓은 문서라고 생각됩니다. 구석구석 세세한 내용까지 이해하기는 힘드시겠지만 영어로 학술논문을 쓰시고자 하는 분들께 작은 도움이 되리라 생각합니다.
참고로 이 문서는 "영어로 논문쓰기 레퍼토리를 늘리는 4가지 전략"의 업그레이드 버전입니다. (아래 링크 참조)
http://www.slideshare.net/SungwooKim/4-53134196
영어 논문쓰기 능력 배양을 '쓰기와 읽기의 통합'이라는 관점에서 정리해 보았습니다. 대략 반학기 강의 내용을 압축해 놓은 문서라고 생각됩니다. 구석구석 세세한 내용까지 이해하기는 힘드시겠지만 영어로 학술논문을 쓰시고자 하는 분들께 작은 도움이 되리라 생각합니다.
참고로 이 문서는 "영어로 논문쓰기 레퍼토리를 늘리는 4가지 전략"의 업그레이드 버전입니다. (아래 링크 참조)
http://www.slideshare.net/SungwooKim/4-53134196
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
영어논문작성법-지제근
1. How to Write
an English Paper
지제근
서울의대 병리학교실 명예교수
2. 글쓰기의 4 단계
• 구상 (Prewriting)
• 초고작성 (Drafting)
• 수정 (Revising)
• 교정 (Proofreading)
3. 구상 (Prewriting)
• 주제선정 :
흥미롭고 , 가치가 있으면서 , 독창적인 것
• 자료수집 및 아이디어 찾기 :
1. Freewriting : 떠오르는 생각을 메모
2. Brainstorming : 주제와 관련된 아이디어를
타인과 함께 토론하고 기록한다 .
3. Clustering : 아이디어의 연결
4. Asking Question : 육하원칙에 따라
5. Reading with a focus : 문헌고찰
4. 토론의 중요성
• 연구자의 선입견을 배제할 수 있다
.
열린 마음으로 토론에 임한다 .
• 유익한 암시를 받을 수 있다 .
• 새로운 아이디어가 생길 수 있다 .
• 잘못을 발견해 내기 쉽다 .
• 고민을 해결할 수 있다 .
쓰다 막히면 공저자와 토론을 하
5. 초고작성 (Drafting)
• 충분한 시간을 갖고 단숨에 쓴다 .
• ‘ 생각을 표현하는 (Expressing your idea)’ 데
에만 집중하여 자유롭게 쓴다 .
• 작성 중에 새로운 아이디어가 떠오르면 그
생각을 포함시킨다 .
• 문법 , 철자 , 관용어에 관련된 실수는 걱정
하지 않는다 . 실수는 나중에 고친다 .
• 항상 독자를 염두에 두고 쓴다 .
6. 수정 (Revising)
• 수정할 때 점검사항
1. 문장구조 (Sentence Structure)
2. 문단구조 (Paragraph Structure)
3. 내용과 구성
7. Revising
좋은 문장
• 구체적인 단어 사용
• 짧게 쓴다 . (18-20 단어 )
• 능동형으로 쓴다 .
• 병렬구조 ( 대구법 ) 을 사용
• 반복을 피한다 .
남들이 쓴 좋은 문장을 많이 읽고
좋은 문장은 외우거나 기록해 둔
다.
문장구조
8. Revising
좋은 문단
• 주제문 (Topic Sentence) 이 있어야 한다 .
• 주제문 뒤에는 뒷받침 자료가 오도록 한다 .
• 통일성 (Unity) - 주제와의 연관성
• 일관성 (Coherence)
독자의 혼선을 피하고 이해가 쉽도록
문단구조
9. Revising
주제문 (Topic Sentence)
• 연구논문의 경우 주제문은 보통 문단의
첫 문장에 온다 .
• 독자가 문단의 첫 문장만 읽어도 전체문단
의 내용을 파악할 수 있도록 한다 .
문단구조
10. Revising
다음 문단의 적절한 주제어는 ?
The first type of volcano, the active one, always
shows signs of volcanic action. The second
type, the dormant volcano, is one that has not
erupted yet, but it might someday. The third
type, the extinct, is one that has not erupted in
hundreds of years ; it is dead.
Topic Sentence - There are three types of volcano
: active, dormant, and extinct.
문단구조
12. Revising
이행장치의 사용
• 문장과 문장이 유기적으로 연결되도록
• 한글에서는 문장과 문장 사이에 연결어가
없이도 연결되는 경우가 많이 있어서 영어
문장작성시 흔히 누락된다 .
• 내가 쓴 문장을
우리나라 사람이 읽었을 때에는 잘 이해가
되는데 외국사람이 읽었을 때에는 갑자기
나오는 뒷 문장에 놀란다고 한다 .
문단구조
13. Revising
이행장치의 종류 I
• To Show a Time or Sequence
• To Show Comparing Points
• To Show Contrasting Points
• To Show Cause and Effect
• To Show an Order of Importance
• To Show a Similar Statement to Follow
문단구조
14. Revising
이행장치의 종류 II
• To Emphasize a Point for Clarity
• To Simplify or State Another Way
• To Introduce Examples or Explanations
• To Open a Statement
• After the Problem Has Been Stated
• To End Statements
문단구조
15. Revising
To Show a Time or Sequence
After Afterwards All along
As soon as At the onset At the same time
Beforehand Before then Chronologically
Currently Eventually Finally
First of all Following For a time
For this occasion Hitherto In the course of
Initially In the first place In the near future
In the end In the past In progression
Just before Meanwhile Primarily
Previously Recently Subsequently
문단구조
16. Revising
To Show Comparing Points
Agreeable As it were As well as
Besides Closely related to Coinciding with
Coincidentally Comparable to Consistent with
Equally Equally important Identical to
Identically In addition to In accordance
In comparison In harmony with In like manner
In relation to In similar fashion In the same way
Just the same Likewise Parallel to
Similarly Synonymous with This concurs with
문단구조
17. Revising
To Show Contrasting Points
After all Although Another way
Antagonistically An incompatible At odds with this
But Conversely Contrarily
Despite Even though However
In another way In conflict In contrast
In my view In spite of Instead
In this way Inversely Nevertheless
Nonetheless Not only Notwithstanding
On the other hand Otherwise Rather than
Regardless This is opposed to To the contrary
문단구조
18. Revising
To Show Cause and Effect
Accordingly As a result As might be expected
As long as Because Because of
Consequently Chances are Considering the
Due to For this reason Hence
It follows that If… then… In all likelihood
Inasmuch In effect Necessarily
On account of Owing to Since
Subsequently Thereby Therefore
This entails This gives rise to This implies
This is caused by This results Whereas
문단구조
19. Revising
To Show an Order of Importance
Finally First Last
Mainly More importantly Next
Second Then To begin with
To Show a Similar Statement to Follow
Additionally Again Also
Another point is Apart from Aside from
A supplement to As well as Besides
Beyond that Further Furthermore
In addition In conjunction with In fact
Moreover Not to mention On top of that
20. Revising
To Emphasize a Point for Clarity
Beyond question Certainly Clearly
Foremost Honestly Indeed
In fact In particular In reality
In truth It’s essential It’s evident
It’s imperative It’s vital Most important
Obviously Precisely Surely
Surprisingly The critical point The crucial
The eminent The exact The prominent
The urgent To be specific To be sure
문단구조
21. Revising
To Simplify or State Another Way
Hence In a nutshell In all likelihood
In brief In essence In other words
In short Its only Putting it succinctly
Simply That is to say Therefore
Thus To be concise To sum up
To Introduce Examples or Explanations
After all As an illustration As evident
As proof As we have seen Consider
For example For instance Inasmuch
In particular In support of this Namely
Since That is 문단구조
22. Revising
To Open a Statement
From my viewpoint I assert I believe that
I maintain I ask whether It is my contention
It seems that It was found that The data indicate
The data suggest The paper state The test concludes
The theory is To begin with We affirm
To End Statement
As you can see As I have noticed At last
Eventually Finally For the reason above
In any case In conclusion In the long run
Last of all On the whole The result is
To conclude To summarize Ultimately
문단구조
23. Revising
이행장치 연습
The human body contains three types of muscle cells : smooth
muscle, striated muscle, and heart muscle. ( ), smooth muscle
is present in the walls of many internal organs. ( ),
the walls of the digestive tract and those of the arteries contain
smooth muscle. ( ) smooth muscle is involuntary, you
cannot control its movement. ( ), striated muscle shows
bands when viewed under the microscope. Striated muscles in
your body are under voluntary control, you can move them at
will. ( ), when you walk, talk, jump, and run, you use
striated muscle. ( ), heart muscle is present in your heart
and causes its contraction. Heart muscle is similar to striated
muscle since it also contains striations. ( ), unlike
striated muscle, heart muscle is involuntary…
문단구조
24. Revising
이행장치 연습
The human body contains three types of muscle cells : smooth
muscle, striated muscle, and heart muscle. (First), smooth muscle
is present in the walls of many internal organs. (For example),
the walls of the digestive tract and those of the arteries contain
smooth muscle. (Since) smooth muscle is involuntary, you
cannot control its movement. (Next), striated muscle shows
bands when viewed under the microscope. Striated muscles in
your body are under voluntary control, you can move them at
will. (For example), when you walk, talk, jump, and run, you use
striated muscle. (Finally), heart muscle is present in your heart
and causes its contraction. Heart muscle is similar to striated
muscle since it also contains striations. (However), unlike
striated muscle, heart muscle is involuntary…
문단구조
25. Revising
수정 (Revising)
• 수정할 때 점검사항
1. 문장구조 (Sentence Structure)
2. 문단구조 (Paragraph
Structure)
3. 내용과 구성
26. Revising
내용점검
1. Draft 를 쓰고 나서 2,3 일 지난 후에 점검
2. 문법 , 철자 등의 오류는 무시
3. 글이 일관성이 있는지 살핀다 .
4. 글의 어조는 적절한가 ?
5. 중요한 세부 사항이 빠지지 않았는가 ?
6. 분량이 너무 많지는 않은가 ?
27. Revising
잘 쓴 논문의 특징
1. Subject : focused, significant, interesting
2. Purpose : identified clearly by the thesis statement
3. Paper is correctly organized and supplies transitions
4. Each paragraph has a controlling idea, solid detail,
and smooth transitions.
5. Uniformly good word choice
6. Maintenance of an appropriate level of complexity
28. 글쓰기의 4 단계
• 구상 (Prewriting)
• 초고작성 (Drafting)
• 수정 (Revising)
• 교정 (Proofreading)
30. Proofreading
Effective Writing
• Choosing Word - 단어선택
• Reducing Wordiness – 장황한 표현 줄이기
• Concise Writing – 간결한 표현
• Condensing - 압축하기
• Sentence Completeness – 문장의 완결성
• Replacing Faulty Conjuction
– 잘못된 접속사 바꾸기
31. Proofreading
Reducing Wordiness
• 반복되는 단어 삭제
• 불필요한 동의어 삭제 ( 역전앞 , 처가집 )
예 ) written literature → literature
approximate estimate → estimate
combine together → combine
• 쓸데없는 말 삭제 (Redundancies)
예 ) free gift → gift
visible to the naked eyes → visible
• 긴 어구를 한 단어로 바꾸기
예 ) have a discussion → discuss
in need of → need
32. Proofreading
Concise Writing ( 간결한 표현 )
• 불필요한 단어 , 어구 , 무의미한 표현 삭제
예 ) As a rule, I generally jog in the morning.
→ I generally jog in the morning.
Computers use chips that are made of silicon.
→ Computers use silicon chips.
Pears and apricots that have been dried can be used in cooking.
→ Dried pears and apricots can be used in cooking.
Not many flowers are white or black in color.
→ Not many flowers are white or black.
33. Proofreading
Condensing ( 압축하기 )
• 원래의 뜻을 바꾸지 않으면서 짧게 쓴다 .
예 ) Everything that glitters is not necessarily made of gold.
→ All that glitters is not gold.
Owing to the fact that he was sick, he did not go to school at that
day. (17 words)
→ Because he was sick, he did not go to school. (10 words)
Despite the fact that Mary was extremely heavy by being 8
months pregnant, she could walk up to the hill as fast as the other
women did. (27 words)
→ Although Mary was 8 months pregnant, she quickly
walked up the hill like the other women. (16 words)
34. Proofreading
Sentence Completeness
• Run-on Sentence :
두 개의 완전한 문장 사이에 쉼표가 있을 때
→ 접속사로 연결해 주어야 한다 .
예 ) The lights dimmed, the audience quieted down.
→ Since the lights dimmed, the audience quieted down.
I began to speak, my nervousness disappeared.
→ After I began to speak, my nervousness disappeared.
The line broke, therefore, the fish got away.
→ The line broke. Therefore, the fish got away.
If you try your best, no one can blame you.
→ If you try your best, then no one can blame you.
35. Proofreading
Replacing Faulty Conjunction
대등 (coordinate) : and, or, but, however,
therefore
상관 (correlative) : both~and, whether~or…
종속 (subordinate) : because, if, since, unless…
Give me liberty, (or ) give me death.
I think; ( ),
therefore, I am.
The plane took off, ( although ) the control tower had not given
permission.
At camp we get up ( when) the sun rises.
Air goes downward ( wherever the temperature is cold.
)
36. 의문해결방식의 논문쓰기
(Question-Driven Style)
• 의문 : 서론에 제시
• 의문을 풀기 위해 뭘 했는지 : 재료 및 방법
• 의문에 대한 대답 : 결과
• 결과에 대한 해석 : 고찰
• 쓰는 순서 :
재료 및 방법 → 서론 → 결과 → 고찰
→ 초록 → 제목
37. 서론 (500 자 정도 )
• 연구 목적의 범주
1. 전혀 새로운 것을 발표
2. 전에 발표된 것을 재 확인
3. 논쟁거리에 대한 의견 제시
• 위 세 가지 중 어떤 목적인지가 명확히 제시
38. 서론의 단락구성 (4 단락 )
• 제 1 단락 : general topic or problem 소개
• 제 2 단락 : 문제의 중요성 언급
• 제 3 단락 : rationale – 대표적 논문 참조
• 제 4 단락 : question, hypothesis
we report our data… 의 표현은 피한다
39. 재료 및 방법 (1000-1500 자 )
• 다른 연구자가 재현 가능하도록 상세하게
• IRB or ethics committee 의 승인
• Inclusion and exclusion criteria
• 모집단이 연속적인지 선택적인지
- 선택적인 모집단이라면 선택기준 제시
• 길게 쓰는 것을 두려워 할 필요가 없다 .
- 너무 길면 reviewer 가 얘기해 준다 .
• 통계분석을 사용했다면 마지막 단락에 제시
40. 결과 (500 자 )
• 연구에서 나온 모든 data 를 쓰는 곳이 아님 .
• 서론에서 제시한 의문에 대한 답을 쓰는 곳 .
의문에 대한 답 : data 의 해석
• 의문이 한 가지라면 하나의 단락에 답을 쓰고
의문이 두 가지라면 각각의 단락에 답을 쓰고
나머지 단락에 기대하지 못했던 소견을 쓴다 .
• 참고문헌을 인용하지 않는다 .
• 통계적으로 유의한 있는 차이를 보였다
→ 증가했다 또는 감소했다 (p value 제시 )
41. 고찰 (1000 자 )
• 제 1 단락 : 질문에 대한 rationale
• 제 2 단락 : 연구의 한계점 제시
→ 제시된 한계점이 결과해석에 큰 영향을
주지 않는다는 사실을 납득
• 제 3 단락 : 기존 연구결과와의 비교
• 제 4 단락 : 결론도출
42. 초록 (200 자 )
• 전체 원고가 완성된 다음에 쓴다 .
• 질문 , 실험방법 , 결과 , 결론이 포함
각각을 한두 문장으로 쓴다 .
• 피해야 할 표현 :
“this report describes…”
43. 효율적인 논문
• 간결하고 명료한 논문 : brief and clear
• 논문을 간결하게 쓰기 위해서는
1. 문장을 반복하지 않는다 .
(X 서론에 쓴 내용을 고찰에 다시 반복 )
2. 단어 - 문장 - 문단 : 적절한 구성
3. 올바른 문법
44. 한국에서 영어논문 쓰기
비 영어권 연구자서의 한계 극복을 위해
연구 주제의 독창성
흥미로운 주제
연구 접근 방법의 독창성
연구방법론의 엄격성
적절한 연구 방법
결과 해석의 엄밀성
의료윤리 준수 : 이중게재 , 중복게재