Countries with the highest prevalence of gastric cancer are highlighted in yellow based on age-standardised rate (ASR) in men >20/100000 by region. Regions highlighted in green represent countries with ASR for gastric cancer in men ≥10 and 20/100000. Regions highlighted in light blue represent countries with a low incidence of gastric cancer (ASR in men <10/100000). Approximately two-thirds of gastric cancer cases occur in less developed countries, with the highest incidence rates in the Asia-Pacific region [1–3]. Areas with the highest incidence of gastric cancer include Japan, China, Korea, Central and South America, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. There is a low incidence rate in North America, Northern Europe, Australia/New Zealand and India. In the US, there are approximately 22000 new cases of gastric cancer diagnosed per year [3]. Worldwide: 900000 new cases and 700000 deaths per year due to gastric cancer 5-year survival-rate for gastric cancer is 20% gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. 1. Parkin DM et al. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74–108 2. Yang L. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:17–20 3. www.cancer.gov
但目前尚无设计完善、大样本、随机对照的研究工作证明胃癌筛查可显著降低胃癌死亡率 WHO 尚不推荐大规模地开展胃镜普查
Surgery and radiation remove or kill the bulk of locoregional cancer; however, small local tumor deposits and occult metastases may escape these treatments and result in subsequent recurrence or relapse. Cytotoxic chemotherapy agents work by a variety of mechanisms, but they share in common the property of affecting rapidly dividing cells more than they affect nondividing or slowly replicating cells. Antimetabolites interfere with DNA elongation 37 Topoisomerase inhibitors and anthracyclines block a key enzyme in DNA replication 38,39 Anthracyclines are also DNA intercalators and generate reactive oxygen intermediates that damage DNA 39 Alkylating agents crosslink DNA 40 Platinum-based compounds form DNA adducts 41 Taxanes interfere with microtubule function 42 Hormonal therapies either modulate hormone receptors or inhibit enzymes necessary for hormone synthesis. 43 Targeted antitumor agents include biologic and small-molecule compounds that bind or block specific molecules important for tumor cell growth.