Srebrenica
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The document discusses the ethnic composition of Bosnia and provides background information on the Srebrenica massacre. It notes that 43% of Bosnia's population is Bosnian Muslim, 33% is Bosnian Serb, and 17% is Bosnian Croat. It describes how the massacre took place during the Bosnian War from 1992-1995 after Bosnia's secession from Yugoslavia. Between July 6-11, 1995, Bosnian Serb forces overran the town of Srebrenica, taking UN peacekeepers hostage. They then proceeded to commit atrocities, separating and executing over 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men.
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The document outlines the 8 stages of genocide according to Gregory Stanton: classification, symbolization, dehumanization, organization, polarization, preparation, extermination, and denial. It provides examples of each stage, noting that classification and symbolization are human but can lead to dehumanization and genocide if they promote hatred. The stages typically progress from establishing differences to organizing violence to attempting to cover up or justify mass killings. The document also summarizes genocide in Bosnia from 1992-1995, where Serbs targeted Muslims, rounding many into camps, killing over 200,000, and displacing millions through violence including the Srebrenica massacre.
Modern day genocide
The document outlines the 8 stages of genocide according to Gregory Stanton: classification, symbolization, dehumanization, organization, polarization, preparation, extermination, and denial. It provides examples of each stage, noting that classification and symbolization are human but can lead to dehumanization and genocide if they promote hatred. The stages typically progress from establishing differences to organizing violence to attempting to cover up or justify mass killings. The document also summarizes genocide in Bosnia from 1992-1995, where Serbs targeted Muslims, rounding many into camps, killing over 200,000, and displacing millions through violence and ethnic cleansing.
Yugoslavia_PPxdvdzcscascascascacascascascT (1).ppt
The document summarizes the ethnic tensions and wars in Yugoslavia from World War 1 through the 1990s that ultimately led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia. It describes how Yugoslavia was formed after World War 1 and brought together many ethnic groups. Tensions increased after the death of Josip Tito in 1980 due to rising Serbian nationalism. This led to independence movements and war as republics like Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia declared independence in the early 1990s. The worst fighting occurred during the Bosnian War of 1992-1995, which included ethnic cleansing and genocide against Muslims and Croats by Bosnian Serbs. The wars finally ended with the Dayton Agreement in 1995, which divided Bosnia into two entities. Yugoslavia ceased to exist
Yugoslavia_PPT.zXXzXzXzXzXzXzXzXzXXzXZXzppt
The document summarizes the ethnic tensions and wars in Yugoslavia from World War 1 through the 1990s that ultimately led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia. It describes how Yugoslavia was formed after World War 1 and brought together many ethnic groups. Tensions increased after the death of Josip Tito in 1980 due to rising Serbian nationalism. This led to independence movements and war as republics like Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia declared independence in the early 1990s. The worst fighting occurred during the Bosnian War of 1992-1995, which included ethnic cleansing and genocide against Muslims and Croats by Bosnian Serbs. The wars finally ended with the Dayton Agreement in 1995, which divided Bosnia into two entities. Yugoslavia ceased to exist
Balkan babel and Bosnia
This document provides a historical overview of ethnic conflicts and genocide in Bosnia and Kosovo over the past century. It summarizes the ethnic and religious demographics of Bosnia, and traces the rising Serbian nationalism in the late 1980s that led to wars and ethnic cleansing in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia in the 1990s. It describes the siege of Sarajevo and the genocide in Srebrenica in detail. The document outlines the division of Bosnia after the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995, and notes that a similar situation unfolded in Kosovo in the late 1990s. It closes by asking how future genocide can be prevented.
The positive and negative features of nationalism bosnia
Nationalism can have both positive and negative consequences. In Yugoslavia in the 1990s, destructive ethnic nationalism led to war as the country broke apart. In Bosnia, the most ethnically diverse republic, Serb nationalists pursued policies of ethnic cleansing against Bosniaks and Croats, leading to genocide and forcing millions to become refugees. An international peace agreement partitioned Bosnia but tensions between ethnic groups remain.
Similar to Srebrenica (14)
Yugoslavia_PPxdvdzcscascascascacascascascT (1).ppt
Yugoslavia_PPxdvdzcscascascascacascascascT (1).ppt
The positive and negative features of nationalism bosnia
The positive and negative features of nationalism bosnia
Srebrenica
- 2. Ethnic Composition of Bosnia 43% Bosnian Muslims 33% Bosnian Serbs 17% Bosnian Croats 7% Other
- 3. Background The Srebrenica Massacre took place during the Bosnian War (1992-1995) a conflict that started over Bosnia’s seccesion from Yugoslavia
- 4. Background Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum for independence supported by both the Croatian and Bosnian populations Bosnian Serbs with the aid of the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) declared their own republic and began a campaign of terror against ethnic Muslims Bosnian Croats likewise declared their own breakaway republic creating a three sided war
- 5. Srebrenica 1993 Located in the western part of Bosnia near the Serbian border Was declared a ―safe zone‖ for refugees on April 18th 1993 Srebrenica itself was demilitarized on April 21st –this meant that Bosnian Muslims had surrendered all ―weapons, mines, ammunition and military equipment‖ to U.N. soldiers
- 7. Srebrenica 1993-1994 From 1993 until the Srebrenica offensive in 1995 Bosnian Serbs severely restricted the passage of vital humanitarian aid Serbian soldiers taxed the aid convoys and limited the amount of food, medicine and fuel available to the population
- 9. Srebrenica 1995 By July it was clear that an offensive was coming as Bosnian Serbs had surrounded Srebrenica with some 50 pieces of artillery and some 15-20 combat vehicles Replacement troops for the U.N. mission where denied entry to the enclave
- 11. The Massacre Between the 6th and 11th Bosnian Serb forces overran Srebrenica taking over 30 U.N. soldiers hostage and advanced to the main U.N. base in Potocari Bosnian Serb soldiers disarmed the U.N. peacekeepers, stole their vehicles and clothes and took control of the U.N. encampment completely
- 13. The Massacre With U.N. troops completely pacified the Bosnian Serbs proceeded to commit atrocities against the civilian’s population. Serb soldiers raped women, murdered children and began to separate men of fighting age from the rest of the refugees. The men of fighting age from Srebrenica and Potocari where taken away to various areas and executed in large numbers and buried in mass graves Some 8,000 men where killed in the largest slaughter of unarmed civilians since World War II
- 17. Ethical Analysis: Seven Core Army Values The definition of duty put forth by the U.S. is:Fulfilling all of your professional, legal, and moral obligations and accomplishing all tasks to the fullest of your ability. Duty means accepting responsibility for your actions and those of your subordinates. Doing your duty prohibits engaging in illegal and immoral actions. Duty also requires your disobedience of unlawful orders— those that run counter to the Army’s doctrine, standard practices, and values (United States Army, 2011) When UNPROFOR forces confiscated weapons in Srebrenica they created a duty to care for the civilians that gave up their means of self-defense. Surrender and retreat in the face of the enemy constituted a breach of duty from both the civil and military perspective
- 18. Ethical Analysis: Seven Core Army Values Selfless service according to the U.S. Army is ―placing Army priorities before your own. You consider the welfare of the nation, your mission, and your fellow Soldiers and subordinates before your personal safety‖ (United States Army, 2011) by following a policy of surrender and displaying cowardice in the face of the enemy U.N. soldiers demonstrated a serious lack of resolve. Surrender to the enemy was not just an isolated incident in and around Srebrenica; U.N. soldiers when faced with armed resistance capitulated and turned their uniforms, vehicles and weapons over to Serb forces
- 20. Ethical Analysis: Deontology Deontological ethics are a good method of evaluating the behavior of the U.N. Security Council, as it was the body that established the rules of engagement. The U.N. Security Council failed to meet deontological standards by failing to meet an absolute moral value, preventing genocide.
- 21. Ethical Analysis: Utilitarianism According to utilitarianism it would be ok for peacekeepers to fight and die as long as their deaths secured safety or escape for the larger population. By opting to save themselves and not fight the U.N. soldiers did not do the best for the greatest number of people of people. The United Nations Security Council likewise did not meet the utilitarian standard of ethical behavior as the policies it pursued did not produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people.