This document summarizes a presentation given to the Green Party about using online campaigning and social media effectively. It discusses that online campaigning can bypass traditional media and engage voters directly. It also covers the psychology of how people process information emotionally rather than rationally and the importance of using compelling narratives and activating positive associations to motivate support. The key goals are to define the party and its principles in an emotionally resonant way and maximize positive feelings toward candidates while minimizing negative feelings toward opponents.
This document discusses several principles of public opinion and how to influence it through public relations work. It outlines that the goal of most PR programs is to persuade, crystallize, or reinforce public opinions. It then provides 15 "laws of public opinion" established by Hadley Cantril, including that opinion is sensitive to events, determined by self-interest, and shifts with new information or accomplishments becoming accepted as facts. It concludes with additional principles for effectively communicating messages, such as tying ideas to actions or interests of the audience and ensuring the situation or message is clear without multiple interpretations.
The document discusses several factors that influence and shape public opinion, including environmental factors like family, friends, school, and work. Values are formed early in life from parents and schools and tend to remain stable. Mass media helps determine public opinion by focusing attention on certain issues. Interest groups also seek to influence public opinion on issues important to their members. Opinion leaders play a major role in defining popular issues and influencing individual views. Polls are used to estimate public views on issues through interviewing a representative sample of citizens.
PR- PUBLIC OPINION, ATTITUDES AND PERSUASIONLena Argosino
This document discusses key factors that influence and shape public opinion, including environmental factors, attitudes, values, mass media, interest groups, government, opinion leaders, and public opinion polling. It explains that public opinion is constantly evolving as people's opinions are formed and revised on various public issues, figures, and organizations. Opinion leaders and different groups play important roles in framing issues and attempting to sway public opinion.
The document discusses the formation of public opinion and the role of interest groups in influencing public policy. It defines public opinion as attitudes held by groups on political matters. Family, education, mass media, peer groups, and opinion leaders are described as major influences in shaping public views. Interest groups represent specific interests and try to impact policymaking at all levels of government. They provide information and a means for participation, but some criticize their disproportionate influence. Major interest groups discussed include business, labor, and other issue-focused organizations.
Public opinion polls have been used since 1916 to estimate public views on issues. George Gallup's polls were more accurate than Literary Digest polls in 1936 because Gallup used random sampling. Traditional polls determine question wording and sample selection carefully but have shortcomings like margin of error. People form opinions based on self-interest, beliefs, cues from leaders, ideology, and knowledge. The media landscape has evolved from partisan print to radio, TV, and online/social media. The government regulates media through the FCC while respecting free press. Media cover politics through press releases and conferences but focus more on negativity.
This document discusses the concepts of persuasion and public opinion. It notes that persuasion shapes our emotional responses to brands and individuals and persuades us to adopt attitudes and behaviors. Persuasion is strategic and can be wielded to affect attitudes, influence large groups of people, shift public opinion, and change behavior, depending on the target audience. The methods of persuasion are ubiquitous but often go ignored.
This document discusses several ways that media can influence people's behaviors, attitudes, and opinions. It covers agenda setting, priming, and framing effects as well as theories of selective exposure, socialization, and learning from media. The key points are that media sets the public agenda by disproportionately covering certain issues, primes people to judge leaders based on the most prominent issues, and can frame issues in different ways that influence opinions. Media is also an important source of socialization and people selectively expose themselves to media that aligns with their views.
Cranleigh School Technology & Teenage Mental Health Conference: Claire Eastha...Cranleigh School
Heads, deputies and pastoral leads from schools across the South East gathered at Cranleigh on March 8th to hear experts from the fields of neuroscience, mental wellness and adolescent psychology discuss the impact of technology on the mental health of teenagers.
The conference brought together experts and educators with an interest in the impact of technology on teenage mental health, to share ideas and experiences, to learn from pioneering work going on in this area and to create a network of links.
Held in partnership with leading mental health charity, The Charlie Waller Trust, the one-day conference featured keynote speeches and workshops.
Further Information at: https://www.cranleigh.org/our-school/academics/resources/cranleigh-training/technology-teenage-mental-health-conference/
This document discusses several principles of public opinion and how to influence it through public relations work. It outlines that the goal of most PR programs is to persuade, crystallize, or reinforce public opinions. It then provides 15 "laws of public opinion" established by Hadley Cantril, including that opinion is sensitive to events, determined by self-interest, and shifts with new information or accomplishments becoming accepted as facts. It concludes with additional principles for effectively communicating messages, such as tying ideas to actions or interests of the audience and ensuring the situation or message is clear without multiple interpretations.
The document discusses several factors that influence and shape public opinion, including environmental factors like family, friends, school, and work. Values are formed early in life from parents and schools and tend to remain stable. Mass media helps determine public opinion by focusing attention on certain issues. Interest groups also seek to influence public opinion on issues important to their members. Opinion leaders play a major role in defining popular issues and influencing individual views. Polls are used to estimate public views on issues through interviewing a representative sample of citizens.
PR- PUBLIC OPINION, ATTITUDES AND PERSUASIONLena Argosino
This document discusses key factors that influence and shape public opinion, including environmental factors, attitudes, values, mass media, interest groups, government, opinion leaders, and public opinion polling. It explains that public opinion is constantly evolving as people's opinions are formed and revised on various public issues, figures, and organizations. Opinion leaders and different groups play important roles in framing issues and attempting to sway public opinion.
The document discusses the formation of public opinion and the role of interest groups in influencing public policy. It defines public opinion as attitudes held by groups on political matters. Family, education, mass media, peer groups, and opinion leaders are described as major influences in shaping public views. Interest groups represent specific interests and try to impact policymaking at all levels of government. They provide information and a means for participation, but some criticize their disproportionate influence. Major interest groups discussed include business, labor, and other issue-focused organizations.
Public opinion polls have been used since 1916 to estimate public views on issues. George Gallup's polls were more accurate than Literary Digest polls in 1936 because Gallup used random sampling. Traditional polls determine question wording and sample selection carefully but have shortcomings like margin of error. People form opinions based on self-interest, beliefs, cues from leaders, ideology, and knowledge. The media landscape has evolved from partisan print to radio, TV, and online/social media. The government regulates media through the FCC while respecting free press. Media cover politics through press releases and conferences but focus more on negativity.
This document discusses the concepts of persuasion and public opinion. It notes that persuasion shapes our emotional responses to brands and individuals and persuades us to adopt attitudes and behaviors. Persuasion is strategic and can be wielded to affect attitudes, influence large groups of people, shift public opinion, and change behavior, depending on the target audience. The methods of persuasion are ubiquitous but often go ignored.
This document discusses several ways that media can influence people's behaviors, attitudes, and opinions. It covers agenda setting, priming, and framing effects as well as theories of selective exposure, socialization, and learning from media. The key points are that media sets the public agenda by disproportionately covering certain issues, primes people to judge leaders based on the most prominent issues, and can frame issues in different ways that influence opinions. Media is also an important source of socialization and people selectively expose themselves to media that aligns with their views.
Cranleigh School Technology & Teenage Mental Health Conference: Claire Eastha...Cranleigh School
Heads, deputies and pastoral leads from schools across the South East gathered at Cranleigh on March 8th to hear experts from the fields of neuroscience, mental wellness and adolescent psychology discuss the impact of technology on the mental health of teenagers.
The conference brought together experts and educators with an interest in the impact of technology on teenage mental health, to share ideas and experiences, to learn from pioneering work going on in this area and to create a network of links.
Held in partnership with leading mental health charity, The Charlie Waller Trust, the one-day conference featured keynote speeches and workshops.
Further Information at: https://www.cranleigh.org/our-school/academics/resources/cranleigh-training/technology-teenage-mental-health-conference/
Public opinion consists of attitudes held by many people about politics and government. It is shaped by factors like family, education, media, and historical events. Public opinion is measured through elections, polls, and media reporting. Scientific polls sample a representative group to accurately measure views. Major forms of media that influence public opinion are television, newspapers, radio, magazines, and the internet. Television and internet use has grown as sources for political news.
Political parties seek to control government through winning elections and promoting common policy goals. The main parties in the US are the Democratic and Republican parties, which are broad coalitions instead of being issue-oriented. Parties perform nominating, informing, approving, governmental, and watchdog functions. The two-party system is preserved in the US by tradition, electoral systems, and ideological consensus. Membership in parties is voluntary and composed of a cross-section of the population, though some segments tend to support one party over the other.
Presentation developed for a series of lectures on public opinion (and political socialization) for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
The Obama 2008 presidential campaign had a very strategic and disciplined approach that led them to be certain they would win the election weeks before votes were cast. They devised multiple paths to winning, selected the victory speech venue and security, and had Obama's speech prepared early. Their messaging focused on hope and change, and they worked to engage new voters while keeping resources in all states. Obama's calm and poised leadership style was also a key part of the campaign's success.
Antonis Samaras is a Greek politician born in Athens who studied at Amherst College in the United States. He leads the Political Spring party but little personal information about his family could be found online.
A presentation on Political Science on the subject "Public Opinion". A presentation filled with information and diagrams for North South University or any university students. It shows how public opinion might defer from the real world and how it effects the national politics.
The document discusses various aspects of media coverage of American politics. It addresses what constitutes "the media", what types of events tend to get covered, and the importance of high-quality information for democracy. It also examines sources that Americans use to get their political information, the impact of media concentration, and whether the media has a liberal or conservative bias. Finally, it discusses the different roles media can play in a democracy, such as common carrier, watchdog, signaler and public representative.
This document provides an overview of the course topics and materials for a Political Science course. It includes definitions and theories that will be covered such as pluralism, elitism, rational choice theory, and power theory. Example videos and documents are also referenced to illustrate different concepts. The course will examine the influences on political behavior and how information flows from elites to the public. Students are welcomed to the class and introduced to the various methods that will be used to deliver course information.
Interest groups are collections of individuals who share views on public policy issues and work to shape policy in their favor. They provide a way for citizens to influence government and have their voices heard. Interest groups lobby at all levels of government to advance their policy positions. While they can provide useful information and stimulate debate, some critics argue that large, well-funded groups may drown out others and push policies that do not benefit the public overall. The illegal activities of lobbyist Jack Abramoff also showed how some groups try to exert influence through improper means like bribery. There is an ongoing debate around whether interest groups overall help or harm democracy.
This document provides an overview of the course topics and materials for a Political Science course. It introduces key concepts to be covered including theories of political science like rational choice, elitism, and pluralism. It also outlines topics such as spheres of influence, manipulation, and power theory. The document contains lecture slides on defining political science and the role of theory, as well as videos and examples illustrating concepts like rational choice theory, propaganda, and competing spheres of influence.
This document provides information for planning a documentary video project. It includes templates for brainstorming story ideas, assigning roles and responsibilities, and creating a Gantt chart schedule. The roles section lists various production roles like editor, camera operator, titles designer, and graphics, however the skills and responsibilities are not correctly matched to each role. Students are instructed to sort this out. Contact information is also included to start a messaging group for communication between team members.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on how the insurance industry in Canada is changing in response to shifts in consumer expectations and behavior. The panelists, who represent different brokerages, discuss how their businesses have reinvented themselves to focus on personalized, digital customer experiences. They note barriers to change, the importance of innovation and collaboration, and how hiring practices and budgets now reflect a priority on technology over traditional marketing. The panel aims to provide guidance to other brokers on successfully adapting to remain relevant and competitive in the new industry landscape.
First art bike parade in Vilnius and Who did that to my bike? festivalGiedrius Kavaliauskas
The document announces an art bike parade and CO2 Green Drive event in Vilnius, Lithuania on Earth Day. The CO2 Green Drive Project, led by Danish artist Jacob Fuglsang Mikkelsen since 2009, turns cities into canvases using environmentally friendly vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians as live paintbrushes with a smartphone app. The event in Vilnius will include art bike workshops to customize bikes and participate in the parade, where participants will help paint the city map on the street in a playful, engaging activity celebrating Earth Day.
Este documento establece lineamientos para la elaboración de términos de referencia para estudios de impacto ambiental de proyectos de infraestructura vial en Perú. Define los componentes requeridos para los estudios, incluyendo la descripción del proyecto, línea base ambiental, identificación y evaluación de impactos, y plan de manejo ambiental. Además, describe el enfoque participativo requerido y formato de presentación de informes. El objetivo es asegurar que los estudios cumplan con la normativa ambiental peruana y provean
Este documento presenta una variedad de productos de informática como portátiles, sobremesa, tabletas, impresoras, cámaras, accesorios de PC y software. Se anuncian ofertas especiales para el 20 aniversario de CanalPC Informática y se proporcionan especificaciones y precios de diversos equipos configurados, componentes y periféricos.
Manuale Rotaract per i Direttivi ed i Soci. Dalla nascita del Rotaract (gruppo giovanile del Rotary International) alla gestione del club. Descrizione delle figure di club: Presidente, Vice-Presidente, Prefetto, Segretario e Tesoriere. Descrizione delle cariche del Distretto, delle Commissioni e delle Azioni. Eventi di formazione, nazionali e internazionali: ERIC, REM, EUCO, Rotaract Day, SIRDE, SIDE ecc.
The one-year anniversary party of FrancePassionMagazine.com was held at the French Institute Alliance Francaise on November 20th. Over 120 guests attended, including journalists from major publications, representatives from luxury brands like Hermes and Harry Winston, and professionals from organizations like Air France. The event featured displays promoting the magazine's website and partners. Postcards were distributed and guests could enter a contest by posting photos on Instagram with the event hashtag. The social media engagement reached over 140,000 accounts online.
Public opinion consists of attitudes held by many people about politics and government. It is shaped by factors like family, education, media, and historical events. Public opinion is measured through elections, polls, and media reporting. Scientific polls sample a representative group to accurately measure views. Major forms of media that influence public opinion are television, newspapers, radio, magazines, and the internet. Television and internet use has grown as sources for political news.
Political parties seek to control government through winning elections and promoting common policy goals. The main parties in the US are the Democratic and Republican parties, which are broad coalitions instead of being issue-oriented. Parties perform nominating, informing, approving, governmental, and watchdog functions. The two-party system is preserved in the US by tradition, electoral systems, and ideological consensus. Membership in parties is voluntary and composed of a cross-section of the population, though some segments tend to support one party over the other.
Presentation developed for a series of lectures on public opinion (and political socialization) for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
The Obama 2008 presidential campaign had a very strategic and disciplined approach that led them to be certain they would win the election weeks before votes were cast. They devised multiple paths to winning, selected the victory speech venue and security, and had Obama's speech prepared early. Their messaging focused on hope and change, and they worked to engage new voters while keeping resources in all states. Obama's calm and poised leadership style was also a key part of the campaign's success.
Antonis Samaras is a Greek politician born in Athens who studied at Amherst College in the United States. He leads the Political Spring party but little personal information about his family could be found online.
A presentation on Political Science on the subject "Public Opinion". A presentation filled with information and diagrams for North South University or any university students. It shows how public opinion might defer from the real world and how it effects the national politics.
The document discusses various aspects of media coverage of American politics. It addresses what constitutes "the media", what types of events tend to get covered, and the importance of high-quality information for democracy. It also examines sources that Americans use to get their political information, the impact of media concentration, and whether the media has a liberal or conservative bias. Finally, it discusses the different roles media can play in a democracy, such as common carrier, watchdog, signaler and public representative.
This document provides an overview of the course topics and materials for a Political Science course. It includes definitions and theories that will be covered such as pluralism, elitism, rational choice theory, and power theory. Example videos and documents are also referenced to illustrate different concepts. The course will examine the influences on political behavior and how information flows from elites to the public. Students are welcomed to the class and introduced to the various methods that will be used to deliver course information.
Interest groups are collections of individuals who share views on public policy issues and work to shape policy in their favor. They provide a way for citizens to influence government and have their voices heard. Interest groups lobby at all levels of government to advance their policy positions. While they can provide useful information and stimulate debate, some critics argue that large, well-funded groups may drown out others and push policies that do not benefit the public overall. The illegal activities of lobbyist Jack Abramoff also showed how some groups try to exert influence through improper means like bribery. There is an ongoing debate around whether interest groups overall help or harm democracy.
This document provides an overview of the course topics and materials for a Political Science course. It introduces key concepts to be covered including theories of political science like rational choice, elitism, and pluralism. It also outlines topics such as spheres of influence, manipulation, and power theory. The document contains lecture slides on defining political science and the role of theory, as well as videos and examples illustrating concepts like rational choice theory, propaganda, and competing spheres of influence.
This document provides information for planning a documentary video project. It includes templates for brainstorming story ideas, assigning roles and responsibilities, and creating a Gantt chart schedule. The roles section lists various production roles like editor, camera operator, titles designer, and graphics, however the skills and responsibilities are not correctly matched to each role. Students are instructed to sort this out. Contact information is also included to start a messaging group for communication between team members.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on how the insurance industry in Canada is changing in response to shifts in consumer expectations and behavior. The panelists, who represent different brokerages, discuss how their businesses have reinvented themselves to focus on personalized, digital customer experiences. They note barriers to change, the importance of innovation and collaboration, and how hiring practices and budgets now reflect a priority on technology over traditional marketing. The panel aims to provide guidance to other brokers on successfully adapting to remain relevant and competitive in the new industry landscape.
First art bike parade in Vilnius and Who did that to my bike? festivalGiedrius Kavaliauskas
The document announces an art bike parade and CO2 Green Drive event in Vilnius, Lithuania on Earth Day. The CO2 Green Drive Project, led by Danish artist Jacob Fuglsang Mikkelsen since 2009, turns cities into canvases using environmentally friendly vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians as live paintbrushes with a smartphone app. The event in Vilnius will include art bike workshops to customize bikes and participate in the parade, where participants will help paint the city map on the street in a playful, engaging activity celebrating Earth Day.
Este documento establece lineamientos para la elaboración de términos de referencia para estudios de impacto ambiental de proyectos de infraestructura vial en Perú. Define los componentes requeridos para los estudios, incluyendo la descripción del proyecto, línea base ambiental, identificación y evaluación de impactos, y plan de manejo ambiental. Además, describe el enfoque participativo requerido y formato de presentación de informes. El objetivo es asegurar que los estudios cumplan con la normativa ambiental peruana y provean
Este documento presenta una variedad de productos de informática como portátiles, sobremesa, tabletas, impresoras, cámaras, accesorios de PC y software. Se anuncian ofertas especiales para el 20 aniversario de CanalPC Informática y se proporcionan especificaciones y precios de diversos equipos configurados, componentes y periféricos.
Manuale Rotaract per i Direttivi ed i Soci. Dalla nascita del Rotaract (gruppo giovanile del Rotary International) alla gestione del club. Descrizione delle figure di club: Presidente, Vice-Presidente, Prefetto, Segretario e Tesoriere. Descrizione delle cariche del Distretto, delle Commissioni e delle Azioni. Eventi di formazione, nazionali e internazionali: ERIC, REM, EUCO, Rotaract Day, SIRDE, SIDE ecc.
The one-year anniversary party of FrancePassionMagazine.com was held at the French Institute Alliance Francaise on November 20th. Over 120 guests attended, including journalists from major publications, representatives from luxury brands like Hermes and Harry Winston, and professionals from organizations like Air France. The event featured displays promoting the magazine's website and partners. Postcards were distributed and guests could enter a contest by posting photos on Instagram with the event hashtag. The social media engagement reached over 140,000 accounts online.
Учні школи – дописувачі журналу «В школе №5», зустрілися в "Літературній вітальні", щоб представити свої власні вірші.
Мета заходу: формувати естетичні смаки учнів, розвивати почуття прекрасного, вміння виражати свої емоції, виступати перед аудиторією; вчити сприймати літературні твори різної тематики
What have you learnt about technologies from the process of constructing the ...SamB117
During the process of constructing the product, the student learned several important technologies. Through their research, they discovered the value of reviewing other works for inspiration and contacting original creators for guidance. They also learned how to survey target audiences and analyze competitor works. In planning and construction, the student gained experience with video equipment like tripods and cameras, and learned to troubleshoot technical issues through online tutorials. For editing, tutorials helped them learn effects and how to integrate sounds and music. Overall, the construction process helped the student expand their skills in video editing software, data visualization with charts, and radio-style recording.
Este documento presenta una variedad de productos y equipos informáticos de la empresa CanalPC, incluyendo portátiles, sobremesa, tabletas, monitores, impresoras, componentes y software. Se ofrecen opciones de financiación para la compra de equipos y se destacan ofertas especiales con precios reducidos para celebrar el 20 aniversario de la compañía.
This document provides instructions for encrypting a spreadsheet with a password in Microsoft Excel. It involves creating a new spreadsheet, saving it, clicking the File tab, selecting Encrypt with Password from the Permissions menu, entering a password twice, and confirming the file is encrypted with a password before continuing to work. It notes the importance of remembering the password as it cannot be recovered if forgotten.
Refining Your Skills for the Not Too Distant Futureqmatheson
Presented at ORBiT Real Time Days 2014
Keynote address by:
Alex Gallacher, EngageHR
The high-tech, consumer-savvy, not-too-distant future may very well require different skills than we have traditionally hired for or trained for. Let’s talk about what skills we actually need to be building in our existing staff and looking for in those we hire. If we don’t have those skills ourselves, how do we hire for them? What do we need to know, how difficult is it to learn, how big a leap is it? Whether you’re a broker or a carrier, you need to know and we’re here to tell you!
This document provides information about the wine making process. It discusses that wine is made from fermented grape juice. Different varieties of grapes are used including Vitis vinifera, Vitis labruska, and Vitis rotundifolia. The grapes are harvested either manually or by machine. The harvested grapes are sorted and processed to remove stems and seeds before the juice is extracted through various pressing methods. The juice is fermented with yeast to produce alcohol, then aged, filtered, bottled, and stored. The document also describes the main types of wine including red, white, rose, sparkling wines.
This document provides information about joining an All India Mock GATE Classroom Test Series conducted by GATE Forum in over 25 cities across India. The test series includes section tests and full tests designed by IISc alumni according to the latest GATE syllabus. Participants receive their percentile score, All India rank, and can interact with IISc alumni through online discussion forums. The document also provides sample questions from previous GATE papers.
Syllabus cs and_IT 2nd year UTU( Uttarakhand technical university)Ravi Rajput
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses several key topics related to public opinion and political participation in the United States: 1) It describes different levels of public opinion from the mass public to the attentive public to opinion leaders; 2) It outlines factors that influence political socialization such as family, media, schools, peers, and religion; 3) It discusses how public opinion is measured through polling and some challenges with polling; 4) It provides an overview of liberal and conservative political ideologies and how they differ on key public policy issues.
This document discusses the political frame for analyzing organizations. It covers four key topics:
1. The political frame views organizations as coalitions among competing interest groups that must negotiate for scarce resources. Power and conflict are central aspects.
2. There are various sources of power in the political frame, including formal authority, control over resources and information, and informal networks and alliances.
3. Developing a political map involves identifying key influencers, communication channels, opportunities for mobilization, and anticipating others' strategies.
4. Building coalitions is important for achieving goals, which may require developing relationships with opponents through communication and negotiation.
This document discusses the civic responsibilities of voting and participation in the electoral process. It covers the characteristics of a good political candidate and the steps to run for president, including announcing candidacy, participating in primaries and conventions, and the general election and electoral college process. It also summarizes the two-party system in the US and how third parties can still win local and state elections. Additional topics covered include public opinion, the role of media, interest groups that advocate for shared interests, the role of lobbyists in influencing legislation, and how political parties and parliamentary systems can promote responsible government.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to the US Constitution and government. It begins by discussing the Articles of Confederation and weaknesses that led to the Constitutional Convention. It then covers the separation of powers, checks and balances, theories of democracy, federalism, political beliefs and behaviors of citizens, political parties, interest groups, media, and institutions of government like the presidency, Congress, and bureaucracy. The document is a review guide that defines and explains these foundational concepts.
This document covers lessons on civic responsibility, including the electoral process, the two-party system, public opinion, media, interest groups, lobbyists, and responsible government. It discusses key aspects of each topic like the characteristics of a good candidate, the electoral college process, the effects and organization of the two-party system, how public opinion is formed and its characteristics, how interest groups and lobbyists try to influence legislation, and the role of political parties in creating a stable government.
Walter Lippman argued that it is impossible for citizens in a democracy to be fully informed on all issues, as idealized. Public opinion is influenced by cognitive shortcuts and predispositions. People rely on elites, interest groups, friends, and family to inform their opinions. There are two models of how public opinion forms - the elite model where elites generate messages that citizens absorb, and the activated masses model where citizens discuss issues and counter-elites drive grassroots movements. Public opinion has characteristics like direction, intensity, saliency, and latency. While there is often widespread agreement, there are also fundamental disagreements in public opinion around specific issues and core values.
Walter Lippman argued that it is impossible for citizens in a democracy to be fully informed on all issues or have well-informed opinions. Public opinion is influenced by cognitive shortcuts and predispositions. There are two models of how public opinion forms - the elite model where citizens absorb messages from political elites, and the activated masses model where citizens discuss issues and are influenced by opinion leaders outside the elite class. Predispositions like ideology, partisanship, and socialization from a young age shape individuals' basic political beliefs and values. While surveys measure average opinions, not all opinions are held with the same intensity and salience, and some opinions remain latent. There are also fundamental disagreements in public opinion between liberals and conservatives
The document discusses several key aspects of public opinion and political participation in the United States. It describes three levels of public opinion based on knowledge and interest in government. It also outlines factors that influence political socialization such as family, media, education, peers, and religion. The document concludes by discussing conventional forms of political participation like voting and unconventional activities like protests.
Influencing government 2_public opinion_lobbieswaynephaneuf
Public opinion, interest groups, and polls all influence government in various ways. Public opinion represents the views of the population but may not represent a consensus. Polls measure public opinion through random sampling of at least 1,500 people, but have limitations like a focus on "horse races" over issues. Interest groups lobby the government through expertise, funding, and mobilizing supporters to influence policymakers on issues important to their members. However, some argue this influence can be disproportionate compared to groups with fewer resources.
Influencing government 2_public opinion_lobbieswaynephaneuf
Public opinion, interest groups, and polls influence government in several ways. Public opinion represents the views of the population and helps inform officials, but may not represent a consensus. Polls measure public opinion through random sampling, but push polls can manipulate responses. Interest groups lobby the government through expertise, funding, and mobilizing members to advocate for issues. However, lobbying is not without problems like money in politics and the revolving door between government and interest groups.
Influencing government 2_public opinion_lobbieswphaneuf
Public opinion, interest groups, and polls influence government in several ways. Public opinion represents the views of the population and helps inform officials, but may not represent a consensus. Polls measure public opinion through random sampling, but push polls can manipulate responses. Interest groups lobby the government through expertise, funding, and mobilizing members to advocate for issues. However, groups may prioritize certain interests over the public good, and money in politics raises concerns about undue influence. Overall, these forces both support democracy by representing the people and informing officials, but can also distract from leadership and problem solving.
This document provides information on different types of power and authority, sources of authority, democracy, citizenship, the state, views of the state, political participation, voting patterns, pressure groups, volunteering, barriers to participation, the welfare state, government policies on poverty, unemployment, discrimination, an aging population, and power relationships. It does so over multiple pages in detail.
This document discusses citizenship and civic participation. It begins by defining three types of citizens: rights-based citizens who ensure government protects rights, community-based citizens who ensure all rights are protected, and action-based citizens who help their community meet diverse needs. Students are asked which type they are and if they are a mix. The document then discusses how values and ideologies influence civic views and actions. Students consider issues they feel passionate about and ways to take political action, such as voting, petitioning, or protesting. Effective protest is defined as having many participants, disrupting everyday life, and personal sacrifice. Digital tools for protest are also discussed. The reading assignment is to read about the role of the citizen from the
#smwep14 slideshare - can you translate social media engagement into votes, o...Karen Melchior
This document discusses how political campaigns can utilize social media engagement. It addresses three target audiences that campaigns should focus on: the base, the media, and voters. The base are a campaign's supporters who can help engage others online and get out the vote. Nurturing the base through strong messaging and personal contact grows support. The media can help set the agenda if a campaign feeds them positive and negative information about opponents. Voters are reached indirectly through advertisements and directly through conversations online. While social media alone does not win elections, it is a useful tool to support campaign efforts when used to engage these three target audiences.
This document provides an overview of lecture topics, highlights, and content covered in Dr. Tabakian's Political Science 1 course. The lecture topics include America's democratic republic, political parties, elections, money in politics, interest groups, and political action committees. Key concepts discussed are partisanship, America's two-party system, the power of money, and how elections symbolize democratic choices. The document also examines theories of pluralism and elitism and how they relate to democracy, capitalism, and influence over public policy. Specific policies and historical events like the 2000 US election and 9/11 are analyzed in the context of these theories.
This document provides an overview of political parties and elections in the United States. It defines key terms like political parties, Democrats, Republicans, primaries, and general elections. It describes the role of political parties in selecting candidates and informing the public. It also explains the differences between primary and general elections and factors that influence how people vote, such as party identification, candidate image, policy choices, and socioeconomic characteristics.
This document provides an overview of political parties and elections in the United States. It defines key terms like political parties, Democrats, Republicans, primaries, and general elections. It describes the role of political parties in selecting candidates and informing the public. It also explains the differences between primary and general elections and factors that influence how people vote, such as party identification, candidate image, policy choices, and socioeconomic characteristics.
The document discusses interest groups and how they influence public officials and policy in the United States. It defines interest groups as private organizations that try to persuade public officials to respond to their members' needs. While political parties concern themselves with winning elections and a wide range of issues, interest groups focus on influencing specific policies. The document outlines the various ways interest groups try to shape public opinion and lobbying efforts, such as using propaganda techniques and grassroots campaigns, in order to ultimately impact legislation and policy outcomes. A wide variety of interest groups exist in the US across economic sectors, religions, and causes.
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Spreading Green Party ideas among the Facebook generation
1. Spreading Green Party ideas
among the Facebook generation
Glyn Thomas and Chris Henderson
Green Party Spring Conference
St George’s Hall, Liverpool
Monday 3rd March 2014
2. • Why online campaigning and using social
media can be effective for political parties
• The psychology of how to do it well
• Putting it into practice as the Green Party
3.
4.
5.
6. Online campaigning
• None of the conventional rules apply
• Don’t need lots of activists / budget
• Bypass traditional media and reach potential
voters
• Set the agenda ourselves
• Engage people where they are
• Other UK political parties behind
• Raise awareness of Green policies
• A credible alternative
7.
8.
9.
10. Online campaigning
Inform:
“I didn’t know the Green Party thought that”
Engage:
Dialogue and discussion – openness
Activate:
Sign a petition
Recruit:
Gain email address / contact details
Fundraise:
People who take action 4x more likely to donate
11.
12. Trends in political activity
‘Conventional’ forms of political participation have been in long-
term decline:
• Voting in elections
• Signing petitions
• Attending political meetings
• Writing to politicians
BUT less formal kinds of ‘political activity’ have been growing:
• Boycotting products… and/or buying ethical/green products
• Using social media
• Engaging in illegal protests
People who engage in informal ‘political activity’ may be among
the most disengaged from ‘formal’ politics – e.g. Russell Brand
13. ‘Doing politics’ – a simple conceptual grid
This allows us to think about ‘doing politics’ as a 2-by-2 grid:
Issues on the mainstream
political agenda
Issues not on the mainstream
political agenda
Doing politics
formally
• Voting
• Party membership
• Writing to MP/councillor
• Petitioning to get issues taken up
• Anti-globalisation protests at G8 summits etc
Doing politics
informally
• Choosing not to vote
• Building grass-roots coalitions on issues
• Posts opposing Government policy on
Facebook/Twitter
• Ethical consumerism
• Posting ‘politically’ on Facebook/Twitter
about issues ignored by Government and main
opposition parties
Implications for the Green Party
• The three big parties differ so little in their policies that the right-hand
side of this grid is largely out of play to all of them
• They are so immersed in their ‘political bubble’ that they also mostly
spend little time thinking about the bottom-left corner
• The Green Party is ideally placed to cover all four corners of the grid in
our campaigning – as a grass-roots, anti-establishment, radical party
14. Understanding what we should be
trying to do
• A good place to start in designing successful new ways of
campaigning: an understanding of how the minds of voters
actually work!
• Overwhelming evidence from psychology: most people's
political brains are emotional brains
• We do NOT have a 'dispassionate mind‘ weighing evidence
and reasoning its way to the most valid conclusions
15. What evolutionary psychology tells us
• Emotions lead us towards or away from things, people or
actions associated with positive or negative states
• Organisms survived for millions of years without
consciousness or reason
• Emotion is one of the most potent sources of motivation that
drives human behaviour
In evolutionary terms, emotional reactions generally 'work':
• We feel scared or angry when someone attacks us or our
family
• We feel admiration when someone shows courage or altruism
• We feel guilt when we have wronged another person
16. What evolutionary psychology tells us (2)
Natural selection has incentivised us to develop specific emotional
responses:
• When parents hear their baby cry, they feel distress - so they care for their
baby… meaning the baby stays alive
• Favours animals which care for close relatives - 'inclusive fitness'... [Most
people will rescue their sibling ahead of their cousin]
• Favours animals that practise reciprocal altruism - helping each other
out, when the benefits of co-operation are likely to exceed costs over time:
• e.g. birds that 'swarm' predators are more likely to survive than
solitary species
• For humans, being part of a larger community gives advantages in
mutual protection, food gathering, culture and mating...
• -> Emotions involved in friendship, sympathy, compassion and
even justice/injustice (sense of whether others are pulling their
weight) are part of our evolutionary heritage.
17. Understanding motivation
Emotions motivate us to behave in ways ultimately in our
interest and the interests of those within our sphere of
care/concern. They lead us to:
• protect ourselves and our family
• nurture our children
• reward others who are generous or honourable, and
• repair relationships we have damaged.
18. Motivating people to support us!
Helpful to give some thought to the way humans have evolved
as we craft messages and select images:
• Messages about the welfare of our children are likely to be
particularly effective
Then in descending order of emotional potency come:
• our extended family
• local community
• the nation
19. How emotion works in the human brain
What tends to "drive" people are their wishes, fears and values.
Emotion is central to all three:
1. We wish for a desired state of affairs - associated with
positive emotion
2. We fear an unpleasant state of affairs - associated with
negative emotion, particularly anxiety
3. Values are emotion-laden beliefs about how
things should or should not be - morally, inter-personally or
aesthetically.
20. The elements of political persuasion
Two key elements in political persuasion: networks and narratives
1. Networks of associations
Bundles of thoughts, feelings, images and ideas that have become
connected over time.
Think about Barack Obama: what comes to mind when you think about him
for a few moments?
• knowledge about him
• images of his face and speeches
• recognition of the sound of his voice
• feelings towards him - positive and negative
• memories (e.g. seeing his inauguration)
• Positive associations from the campaign - hope ("yes we can", "change we
can believe in") and a triumph for equality
• Negative associations from the ways in which he has disappointed us in
office?
21. 1: Networks of mental associations
• Much of our behaviour reflects activation of emotion-laden
networks of association
• Emotional processes can be activated and shaped outside of
awareness
• Therefore choice of
words, images, sounds, music, backdrop, tone of voice etc likely
to be as significant to electoral success of a campaign as its
content
• Must also pay close attention to the positive and negative
images and emotions becoming associated with candidates in
the minds of voters (whether they are aware of it or not)
• Activating one part of a ‘network’ tends to spread activation
to other parts of the network
22. 1: Networks of mental associations (2)
Central to political persuasion is creating, solidifying and
activating networks which create primarily positive feelings
toward your candidate/party, and negative feelings towards
the opposition
23. 2: Compelling narratives
• We do not pay attention to arguments unless they engender our
interest, enthusiasm, fear, anger or contempt.
• We don't bother to debate policies if they don't touch on the emotional
implications for ourselves, our families, or things we hold dear
We are not moved by politicians with whom we don't feel emotional
resonance
The more purely 'rational' an appeal, the less likely it is to activate the
emotion circuits regulating voting behaviour
Instead, we need 'stories' to help establish emotional salience of our
message to voters
The three Democrats to have been elected US President since 1964 are the
ones who offered compelling emotional messages:
• Jimmy Carter was elected by promising to restore faith in government after
Watergate
• Bill Clinton AND Barack Obama were elected by promising to restore hope
to the American dream
24. Selling our message
The Green Party does have a consistent platform based on a
coherent set of principles…
THIS IS A MASSIVE ADVANTAGE OVER THE MAINSTREAM
PARTIES, not least in social media campaigning!!
The political agenda is set by the people who are seen
talking, not by people who are not seen talking:
25. Getting Green Party ideas into consciousness
We have a range of positions clearly distinct from the mainstream
parties and likely to be highly popular with our target voters – on:
• the economy
• housing
• welfare
• transport
• drug law reform
• workers' rights
• peace and defence... the list goes on!
If we can simply spread wider awareness of these positions amongst voters
and journalists, this is likely to pull political debate to the left almost
automatically…
…a counter-balance to the rightward lurch in discourse caused by the
impact of UKIP
26. Putting it together, here and now
Political science data is clear: people vote for the party which
has elicited the right feelings…
…not necessarily the party which presents the best arguments
Every appeal is ultimately an emotional appeal to:
• voters' interests (what's good for them and their families), or
• voters' values (what matters to them morally).
Elections are decided by whether appeals are good ones or
faulty ones.
27. Don’t lose the wood for the trees…
Even well informed ordinary citizens can't possibly keep up
with all the info on which aspects of which party policies are
likely to yield results conducive to their values and interests
An information-seeking educated voter might know the details
on three or four issues in a high-profile race.
Knowing more than that would be the full-time job of an
elected political representative, not a citizen!
28. The two most effective campaign goals
1. Define the party and its principles in an emotionally
compelling way, telling the story of what its members
believe in - and define opposition parties and their values
in ways undermining their capacity to resonate emotionally
with voters
1. Maximise positive feelings towards the candidate and
minimise negative feelings - and encourage the opposite set
of feelings toward the opponent.
Most important feelings are 'gut level' feelings (e.g. "I like
this person" or "She makes me proud to be British").
29. What to avoid
Policy positions should illustrate principles, not the other way round
- although important to engage on issues and offer some specific
positions
The trap to avoid is assuming voting decisions 'trickle up' from
voters' rational assessment of specific policies, collectively creating
an overall judgment of the ‘expected utility’ of electing one party or
another.
30. Our challenge
To absorb the evidence of what has made for
winning progressive campaigns…
…and take it onto the Internet and specifically
onto social media
Further reading:
• Drew Westen (2007), The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding
the Fate of the Nation
• Colin Hay (2007), Why We Hate Politics
31. Social media
• Reach lots of people quickly
• Cheap / free
• Reach people where they are eg on
Facebook or Twitter rather than needing
them to come to us eg our website
• Popular
40. Green Party of Australia
100,000 Facebook followers
12% of the vote
9 seats in the Upper House (out of 76)
3rd biggest party in the Upper House
1 seat in the Lower House
Protest votes – but seen as an alternative
45. Technical
Square images
800 x 800 pixels
Target posts
Promoted posts
Two posts per day max
Schedule
Advertising to recruit new followers