Summary
1 - Electricity prices in the EU - 2016 (2nd semester) and 2021 (1st semester)
2 – The tax puncture widens the inequalities inserted in the prices
3 - Remuneration and electricity prices
Eca insight 1.21 price spikes in greeces new electricity marketGail Gibson
On 1 November 2020 Greece reached a significant
milestone by launching the European Target Model
for the operation of its wholesale electricity market.
Initial implementation was reported as being
successful.
Insight authored by John Paparistodemou, ECA
EdExcel Paper 3 Synoptic Essay (25 Marker) on Carbon Taxestutor2u
Here is a revision webinar on building an answer for the synoptic paper. A carbon tax is an environmental tax on producers based on each tonne of CO2 emitted from supplying goods and services. Some economists, including Joseph Stiglitz and Nicholas Stern, say taxes of $100 per tonne could be needed by 2030 which would mean a carbon price of around £75 – this is over ten times higher than the current carbon emissions price in the ETS and would therefore represent a significant government intervention which would have micro and macroeconomic effects.
SkyAI heat detection whitepaper: Europes plans to reduce heat wasteJoost van Oorschot
This whitepaper provides an overview of the current heat network in Europe as well as the policies and goals of the EU to reduce its heat waste. The paper finalises with SkyAI's perspective on how to effectively reduce heat waste in the EU
From Ugly Duckling to Superstar: how energy efficiency (almost) got to the to...FTI Consulting FR
Energy efficiency has long been promoted at European level. The European Commission has certainly made great efforts to support it and to ensure that energy savings can contribute to the EU’s energy priorities, namely reduction of carbon emissions, lowering of energy costs and increase of energy independence. The EU has introduced energy efficiency targets, created a regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and the uptake of energy efficient products and provided significant funding. However, so far energy efficiency has not lived up to its expectations, which is disappointing considering the huge amount of resources spent to promote it.
In this Energy Flash we look why the EU’s policies have so far have not had the desired effect, what is being done to change this and which sectors are best placed to benefit from the renewed efforts.
Eca insight 1.21 price spikes in greeces new electricity marketGail Gibson
On 1 November 2020 Greece reached a significant
milestone by launching the European Target Model
for the operation of its wholesale electricity market.
Initial implementation was reported as being
successful.
Insight authored by John Paparistodemou, ECA
EdExcel Paper 3 Synoptic Essay (25 Marker) on Carbon Taxestutor2u
Here is a revision webinar on building an answer for the synoptic paper. A carbon tax is an environmental tax on producers based on each tonne of CO2 emitted from supplying goods and services. Some economists, including Joseph Stiglitz and Nicholas Stern, say taxes of $100 per tonne could be needed by 2030 which would mean a carbon price of around £75 – this is over ten times higher than the current carbon emissions price in the ETS and would therefore represent a significant government intervention which would have micro and macroeconomic effects.
SkyAI heat detection whitepaper: Europes plans to reduce heat wasteJoost van Oorschot
This whitepaper provides an overview of the current heat network in Europe as well as the policies and goals of the EU to reduce its heat waste. The paper finalises with SkyAI's perspective on how to effectively reduce heat waste in the EU
From Ugly Duckling to Superstar: how energy efficiency (almost) got to the to...FTI Consulting FR
Energy efficiency has long been promoted at European level. The European Commission has certainly made great efforts to support it and to ensure that energy savings can contribute to the EU’s energy priorities, namely reduction of carbon emissions, lowering of energy costs and increase of energy independence. The EU has introduced energy efficiency targets, created a regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and the uptake of energy efficient products and provided significant funding. However, so far energy efficiency has not lived up to its expectations, which is disappointing considering the huge amount of resources spent to promote it.
In this Energy Flash we look why the EU’s policies have so far have not had the desired effect, what is being done to change this and which sectors are best placed to benefit from the renewed efforts.
Energy efficiency trends in buildings in the EU (update)Leonardo ENERGY
(This is an updated version of the slides used during the 11th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy at 08 Dec 2020. This version addresses pending questions with some more details and references.)
What has been the overall trend in final energy consumption of buildings in the EU since 2010?
What are the main drivers of the energy consumption variation, and in particular energy savings, for residential and service buildings?
These are the key questions answered during this (11th) webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Highlights from their research:
➢The energy consumption of buildings has steadily decreased since 2010 despite GDP growth.
➢There are large disparities in building performances across countries.
➢Since 2015, the rate of household energy efficiency improvements has dropped by 50% (compared to 2000-2014).
➢Energy efficiency of large electrical appliances, which has largely improved in the past, does not counterbalance anymore the rapid growth of the consumption of small appliances.
Energy efficiency trends in buildings in the EULeonardo ENERGY
(For an updated version of this deck, addressing pending questions with some more details and references, please visit https://www.slideshare.net/sustenergy/energy-efficiency-trends-in-buildings-in-the-eu-update)
What has been the overall trend in final energy consumption of buildings in the EU since 2010?
What are the main drivers of the energy consumption variation, and in particular energy savings, for residential and service buildings?
These are the key questions answered during this (11th) webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Highlights from their research:
➢The energy consumption of buildings has steadily decreased since 2010 despite GDP growth.
➢There are large disparities in building performances across countries.
➢Since 2015, the rate of household energy efficiency improvements has dropped by 50% (compared to 2000-2014).
➢Energy efficiency of large electrical appliances, which has largely improved in the past, does not counterbalance anymore the rapid growth of the consumption of small appliances.
The Climate Action Tracker by NewClimate Institute, Climate Analytics and Ecofys presents the ongoing activities on NDC and current policy assessment, country rating and decarbonisation indicators.
Entre el 30 de junio y el 2 de julio de 2014 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces (C/ Vitruvio, 5, en Madrid) un curso de verano en colaboración con la Universidad Complutense de Madrid sobre los retos energéticos de Europa ante el cambio climático. En estas jornadas, diferentes expertos analizaron la transición energética en Europa para cumplir las exigencias de los compromisos internacionales en materia de emisiones de CO2.
Power markets, Power prices & Data CentersRien Dijkstra
Presentation at Data Centres Europe 2012 in Nice. Some thoughts and highlights from the report 'Power market, Power prices and data centres in Europe' written for BroadGroup
The report itself describes the complex relationship between data centers and the electricity market: The price drivers, the pressure to reduce carbon emissions, the EU 20-20-20 policy framework, and the context of an ageing power grid and power plant infrastructure.
Pascal Saint-Amans, Director, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD
Kurt Van Dender, Head of Unit, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD
This session discussed key findings from recent work on the use of taxes to tackle climate change, including a preview of the upcoming OECD publication, Taxing Energy Use 2018, which measures the magnitude and coverage of energy and carbon taxes in 42 OECD and G20 countries and provides a first appreciation of changes in energy and carbon taxes over time.
Capitalist delusion and climate drift - 2GRAZIA TANTA
Summary:
1 - Katowice rhymes with “aldrabice” (crookery)
2 - Energy consumption on the planet (2007/17)
3 - The energy consumption capitation
4 - The future Katowices
Annex 1 - The various sources of energy consumption
Annex 2 - The spatial distribution of the various types of energy consumption
This presentation created and addressed by Gonzalo Saenz de Miera in the intensive three day course from the BC3, Basque Centre for Climate Change and UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country) on Climate Change in the Uda Ikastaroak Framework.
The objective of the BC3 Summer School is to offer an updated and multidisciplinary view of the ongoing trends in climate change research. The BC3 Summer School is organized in collaboration with the University of the Basque Country and is a high quality and excellent summer course gathering leading experts in the field and students from top universities and research centres worldwide.
Alexa Capital perspective on the opportunity for large scale deployment for solar & onshore wind in South Eastern Europe based on analysis of electricity prices, carbon prices and support schemes
This technical and macro-economic study focuses on light duty vehicles -- cars and vans. It has been advised by a broad group of stakeholders in the move to low-carbon transport, including auto producers, technology suppliers, labour groups, energy providers and environmental groups. The resulting fact-base is anticipated to serve as a reference point for discussions around the low-carbon transition.
The model results show that a shift to low-carbon cars and vans increases spending on vehicle technology, a sector in which Europe excels, therefore generating positive direct employment impacts. This shift will also reduce the total cost of running Europe’s auto fleet, leading to mildly positive economic impacts including indirect employment gains.
The analysis showed that a shift to low-carbon vehicles would increase spending on vehicle technology, therefore generating positive direct employment impacts, but potentially adding €1,000-€1,100 to the capital cost of the average new car in 2020. However, these additional technology costs would be offset by fuel savings of around €400 per year, indicating an effective break-even point for drivers of approximately three
years. At the EU level, the cost of running and maintaining the European car fleet would become €33-35 billion lower each year than in a “do nothing scenario” by 2030, leading to positive economic impacts including indirect employment gains.
Ucrânia – Uma realidade pobre e volátil.pdfGRAZIA TANTA
1 - O que é historicamente a Ucrânia?
2 - O discreto papel dos EUA na manipulação da classe política ucraniana
3 - A demografia da Ucrânia; um país de …sucesso
As desigualdades entre mais pobres e menos pobres.docGRAZIA TANTA
Os países com grandes saldos positivos no comércio externo são a Alemanha, a China e a Rússia; os que acumulam grandes deficits são os EUA e o seu acólito Grã-Bretanha
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Energy efficiency trends in buildings in the EU (update)Leonardo ENERGY
(This is an updated version of the slides used during the 11th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy at 08 Dec 2020. This version addresses pending questions with some more details and references.)
What has been the overall trend in final energy consumption of buildings in the EU since 2010?
What are the main drivers of the energy consumption variation, and in particular energy savings, for residential and service buildings?
These are the key questions answered during this (11th) webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Highlights from their research:
➢The energy consumption of buildings has steadily decreased since 2010 despite GDP growth.
➢There are large disparities in building performances across countries.
➢Since 2015, the rate of household energy efficiency improvements has dropped by 50% (compared to 2000-2014).
➢Energy efficiency of large electrical appliances, which has largely improved in the past, does not counterbalance anymore the rapid growth of the consumption of small appliances.
Energy efficiency trends in buildings in the EULeonardo ENERGY
(For an updated version of this deck, addressing pending questions with some more details and references, please visit https://www.slideshare.net/sustenergy/energy-efficiency-trends-in-buildings-in-the-eu-update)
What has been the overall trend in final energy consumption of buildings in the EU since 2010?
What are the main drivers of the energy consumption variation, and in particular energy savings, for residential and service buildings?
These are the key questions answered during this (11th) webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Highlights from their research:
➢The energy consumption of buildings has steadily decreased since 2010 despite GDP growth.
➢There are large disparities in building performances across countries.
➢Since 2015, the rate of household energy efficiency improvements has dropped by 50% (compared to 2000-2014).
➢Energy efficiency of large electrical appliances, which has largely improved in the past, does not counterbalance anymore the rapid growth of the consumption of small appliances.
The Climate Action Tracker by NewClimate Institute, Climate Analytics and Ecofys presents the ongoing activities on NDC and current policy assessment, country rating and decarbonisation indicators.
Entre el 30 de junio y el 2 de julio de 2014 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces (C/ Vitruvio, 5, en Madrid) un curso de verano en colaboración con la Universidad Complutense de Madrid sobre los retos energéticos de Europa ante el cambio climático. En estas jornadas, diferentes expertos analizaron la transición energética en Europa para cumplir las exigencias de los compromisos internacionales en materia de emisiones de CO2.
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Pascal Saint-Amans, Director, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD
Kurt Van Dender, Head of Unit, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD
This session discussed key findings from recent work on the use of taxes to tackle climate change, including a preview of the upcoming OECD publication, Taxing Energy Use 2018, which measures the magnitude and coverage of energy and carbon taxes in 42 OECD and G20 countries and provides a first appreciation of changes in energy and carbon taxes over time.
Capitalist delusion and climate drift - 2GRAZIA TANTA
Summary:
1 - Katowice rhymes with “aldrabice” (crookery)
2 - Energy consumption on the planet (2007/17)
3 - The energy consumption capitation
4 - The future Katowices
Annex 1 - The various sources of energy consumption
Annex 2 - The spatial distribution of the various types of energy consumption
This presentation created and addressed by Gonzalo Saenz de Miera in the intensive three day course from the BC3, Basque Centre for Climate Change and UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country) on Climate Change in the Uda Ikastaroak Framework.
The objective of the BC3 Summer School is to offer an updated and multidisciplinary view of the ongoing trends in climate change research. The BC3 Summer School is organized in collaboration with the University of the Basque Country and is a high quality and excellent summer course gathering leading experts in the field and students from top universities and research centres worldwide.
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The model results show that a shift to low-carbon cars and vans increases spending on vehicle technology, a sector in which Europe excels, therefore generating positive direct employment impacts. This shift will also reduce the total cost of running Europe’s auto fleet, leading to mildly positive economic impacts including indirect employment gains.
The analysis showed that a shift to low-carbon vehicles would increase spending on vehicle technology, therefore generating positive direct employment impacts, but potentially adding €1,000-€1,100 to the capital cost of the average new car in 2020. However, these additional technology costs would be offset by fuel savings of around €400 per year, indicating an effective break-even point for drivers of approximately three
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how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the what's app number of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
+12349014282
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the what'sapp contact of my personal pi vendor
+12349014282
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just what'sapp this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
+12349014282
1. Grazia.tanta@gmail.com 21/12/2021 1
Speculative electricity prices in the EU
Summary
1 - Electricity prices in the EU - 2016 (2nd semester) and 2021 (1st semester)
2 – The tax puncture widens the inequalities inserted in the prices
3 - Remuneration and electricity prices
vvvvvvvvvv /////vvvvvvvvvv
Eurostat publishes, for EU countries, data on electricity consumption costs, using as a
standard consumption in the range 2500/5000 kWh per year. Generally, a comparison
between the situations for the EU as a whole in the second half of 2016 and in the first
half of 2021. In this context, there is an average increase of of €5.3 during that period,
per 1000kwh; that is, the change from €127.6 in 2016 to €132.9 in 2021. Below we will
address not only the variations in the period referred to, but also the changes
introduced by fees and taxes in the price levels of electricity available, in each country
of the EU. And, finally, to observe the result between the evolution of the price of
energy and the average salary.
1 - Electricity prices in the EU - 2016 (2nd semester) and 2021 (1st semester)
In the following chart, the national values for the consumption of 1000 kWh can be
observed, without considering the taxes and fees that the States, in general, heavily
impose and perpetuate, since energy is something irreplaceable to whose
consumption, no one can escape1
The domestic acquisition of solar energy capture
panels, for example - not being viable the taxation of this capture - does not escape the
imposition of a VAT rate of 23% by the Portuguese government gangs, the
components of the PS/PSD mafia2
.
1
Except for those who live in marginal neighborhoods, especially in the so-called Third World, where clandestine
pulls are common.
2
During the troika monitoring of governance in Portugal in 2014, VAT on electricity increased from 6%
to 23%. Despite the usual governmental praise about the strength of the Portuguese economy, seven years
later, the tax continues to be applied at that maximum rate.
2. Grazia.tanta@gmail.com 21/12/2021 2
Title translation – Price for 1000 kWh excluding taxes and fees
Following are some conclusions drawn from reading the above graph.
Ireland has the highest energy prices (less taxes and fees) and one of the biggest
increases in the period. In the immediate place, Belgium and Spain follow; in the
latter case, only in 2016;
In 2016, Spain had the third-highest price in the Union and recently (2019) it
reduced the special tax on electricity from 5.44% to 0.5%; it also suspended the tax
on production, which was 7%; and reduced VAT for small users from 21 to 10%.
Thus, the price of energy, which was between €170/195 per 1000kwh in 2016/18,
moved to inclusion in a range of €118/135 later on.
On the other hand, in Portugal, the PS government maintains the maximum VAT
rate (23%) decreed by the sister party, the PSD, by order of the troika, about ten
years ago; in this context, excluding taxes and fees, values of €100/121 are
attributed to energy in the period under analysis for the five-year period observed.
Among the richest countries of the Union are most of the highest values (above
€125) and increasing during the period – Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Austria; in addition to the Czech Republic, Greece, and France, they
surpassed this mark only in 2021.
The cases of price decrease, in 2021 and compared to 2016, are situated in; Greece,
Spain, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and
Sweden. Excluding the case of Spain, already mentioned, these are essentially
Eastern European countries, in addition to Portugal and Sweden.
3. Grazia.tanta@gmail.com 21/12/2021 3
With the lowest values for the price of 1000 kWh and, below €100 are Bulgaria
(2016) and Hungary (2021); and, with approximate indicators, are the cases of
Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania (2016).
Let us then observe the prices for 1000 kWh, in 2016 and 2021, but now, considering
the effects of the intervention of state leeches and, more specifically, of their parasitic
political classes that find, in this essential good – electric energy – an instrument of
suction of proceeds from the crowd; without forgetting the financial support and
special prerogatives that States grant to operators in the energy sector.
Title translation – Price for 1000 kWh excluding taxes and fees
It is easy to see that the highest prices occur particularly in the richest countries, almost
all of which exceed €150 per 1000 kWh; and conversely, where income levels are lower,
energy prices are also lower. There is, however, one notable exception, that of a country
in southwestern Europe called Portugal, where energy prices exceed those of countries
as rich as the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Finland, and, Sweden; compared to
other lower income countries, the price of electricity in Portugal is higher by around
€100/150 per 1000 kWh[3]
.
2 – The tax puncture widens the inequalities inserted in the prices
Let us take a closer look at the base prices of energy, which are much more disparate
when they incorporate the high charges with fees and taxes applied by States and their
respective political classes; generally raising the price of energy to be paid by peoples,
as can be seen in the following charts, for 2016 and 2021.
In 2016, it is quite clear that electricity prices in Denmark, Germany and, Belgium are
the most expensive in the EU – €308, €298 and €275 respectively; the first two countries
are the only ones that incorporate fees and taxes as the dominant shares in the total
electricity price; a reality that is also evident in 2021. In addition to the two countries
mentioned, it should be noted that Portugal appears as the country with the highest
4. Grazia.tanta@gmail.com 21/12/2021 4
share of taxes and fees in the price of energy, in 2016 (47.3%) as in 2021 (45.9%);
surpassed by a small margin by Spain (41.5%) in the current year.
Also in 2016, the price of energy appears to be the lowest in Bulgaria (€93.8), followed
by Lithuania, Hungary, and Romania. As for the relevance of fees and taxes, their
absolute value is particularly low in the Eastern countries, with emphasis on Bulgaria
and Hungary; in addition to the case of Malta where the share of fees and taxes is only
€6.1, for an overall price of €127.4.
In the first half of 2021, the highest electricity prices belong to the same countries
referenced for 2016; but this time with the highest value in Germany - €319, followed
by Denmark €290 and Belgium with €270. The first two present the only situations in
which the share of taxes and fees exceeds the level of energy production, of itself. As
for the greater weight of the tax burden and similar in the overall value, Denmark and
Germany stand out, with 64% and 51%, respectively, followed by Portugal (45.9%) and
Spain (41.5%).
Comparing the situation in 2021 with that observed five years earlier shows different
realities. In the case of the base value of production, without considering taxes and
fees, are recorded the following:
5. Grazia.tanta@gmail.com 21/12/2021 5
11 reductions in that base value, highlighting: Spain (-43.8%) and, drops just below
19%, (Sweden -19.9%) and Slovakia (-19.2%)…
and 16 additions to the base value, where the following stand out: Romania 22.2%,
Lithuania 18.5%, Ireland 19.1%, Germany and Finland 18%, Austria 17.2%…
In the chapter on changes in taxes and fees included in the fine prices of energy and,
decided by the state apparatus, it is worth noting:
10 countries with reductions in the weight of that set of elements that burden the
price of electricity, with the most relevant cases being Spain 47.7%, Cyprus 36.4%,
Poland 32.8% and Slovakia 32.3%.
17 countries with increases in the tax burden or rates, the most relevant being –
Spain 47.7%, Cyprus 36.4%, Poland 32.8% and Slovakia 32.3%.
10 tax cuts, the largest being, Netherlands 47.3%, Denmark 27.6%, Latvia 17.1%,
Greece 16.2% and Portugal 12.9%.
In summary, the arithmetic means,
For energy, including taxes and fees, the global averages are €176.5 and €183.5,
respectively for 2016 and 2021
Energy, excluding taxes and fees that are levied on it, show averages, in 2016 and
2021, of €119.3 and €122.6
From this it can be deduced that there is a value of around €60 for every 1000 kWh
subtracted from the populations by state bureaucracies and their adjacent political
classes.
3 - Remunerations and electricity prices
The following graph shows the comparison for a very approximate time-lapse (2016/1st
half/2021) between electricity prices and 2016/2020 and average wages in EU countries.
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The graph shows the countries where the wage evolution had a higher growth rate
than electricity prices (16) and the remaining countries (11), where electricity prices had
a higher growth rate than average wages. However, it is important to consider that the
percentage changes in energy prices may be close to those registered for
remuneration, without it being possible to conclude that, in absolute values, they
correspond to similar realities. For example, in the case of Germany, energy prices
between the two years considered were €298 and €319 respectively, per 1000 kWh
(+7.2%) while average earnings, in the same period, increased by 6.3% (€2387).
The situations in which the rate of increase in the price of energy exceeds that observed
for remunerations are 8 countries; among which only two – Czech Republic and Cyprus
– are not among the richest. The 14 countries where it was preferred not to burden
wages with proportionally higher increases for energy are essentially those that the
poorest, even if accompanied by others, much richer - Belgium, Denmark, the
Netherlands, and Sweden. Between the two positions – Slovenia, Spain, Italy, and
Poland.
[1]
Except for those who live in marginal neighbourhoods, especially in the so-called Third World, where clandestine
pulls are common.
[2]
During the troika monitoring of governance in Portugal in 2014, VAT on electricity increased from 6%
to 23%. Despite the usual governmental praise about the strength of the Portuguese economy, seven years
later, the tax continues to be applied at that maximum rate.
[3]
Accused of crimes within the scope of EDP, the main electricity company, are the company's former directors –
António Mexia, Manso Neto and a former minister of the Socialist Party area, Manuel Pinho.
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