This document discusses the aims, theoretical framework, empirical strategy, and results of a master's thesis examining the relationship between informal caregiving and labor market outcomes among Europeans aged 50+.
The aims were to estimate this relationship and expect a negative impact of caregiving on labor market participation. However, accounting for an intensive caregiving threshold was expected to lessen the effect.
The theoretical framework models labor supply decisions considering utility from consumption, leisure, caregiving, and parental welfare. Empirically, models like binary choice, instrumental variables, and fixed effects were used to address endogeneity.
The results found a negative relationship between hours of caregiving and labor market participation. Intensive caregiving (>15 hours) had
This document provides the minimum "Z-scores" required for admission to various university courses of study in Sri Lanka for the 2012/2013 academic year, based on results from the 2012 G.C.E. Advanced Level examination. Z-scores are provided for each district in Sri Lanka for courses such as medicine, engineering, commerce, and arts. Some districts did not have any qualified candidates that met the minimum requirements for certain courses. The courses listed included both science and arts-based fields across multiple universities in Sri Lanka.
The document appears to be a table containing statistical data with right tail probabilities for the t distribution. The table includes degrees of freedom (df) ranging from 1 to 30 across the top. Under each df is a column of p-values ranging from 0.40 to 0.0005. The body of the table contains the corresponding t-statistic for each intersection of df and p-value. Below the table is a website url and email for an organization called Marketing Utopia.
The document appears to be a table containing 53 rows and multiple columns of numeric data. It includes codes in some columns and numbers ranging from 0 to 7 in other columns, possibly representing test scores or results. The table seems to provide performance or other quantitative data for 53 different entries.
Almeda health 2019 05-23-bot-g-budget-combined~Eric Principe
This document provides options and estimated financial impacts for Alameda Health System's FY20 budget. It outlines potential cost-saving measures including a wage freeze, furloughs, benefits restructuring, and evaluating lower margin programs. Estimated savings range from $300,000 to over $7 million. It also lists executive leadership positions and their total FTE counts to be included in the FY20 budget.
This document appears to contain data from a test or study consisting of multiple entries organized in columns. Each entry includes a identification number, values of 1s and 0s for different variables or questions, test and re-test scores, and other numerical values that seem to represent performance metrics. There are over 50 entries listed in the document with varying results, suggesting this data comes from testing of multiple individuals or subjects.
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Quản trị kinh doanh: Đánh giá hoạt động quản trị rủi ro lãi suất cho vay tại ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Quân đội - Chi nhánh Huế cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
1) O documento descreve uma denúncia oferecida pelo Ministério Público Federal contra o ex-presidente Lula e outras sete pessoas por corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro relacionadas à Petrobras.
2) A denúncia alega que o ex-presidente Lula recebeu vantagens indevidas da empreiteira OAS na forma de um apartamento reformado e armazenamento de bens, no valor total de R$3,7 milhões.
3) O juiz analisa se há justa causa para receber a denúncia
This document provides the minimum "Z-scores" required for admission to various university courses of study in Sri Lanka for the 2012/2013 academic year, based on results from the 2012 G.C.E. Advanced Level examination. Z-scores are provided for each district in Sri Lanka for courses such as medicine, engineering, commerce, and arts. Some districts did not have any qualified candidates that met the minimum requirements for certain courses. The courses listed included both science and arts-based fields across multiple universities in Sri Lanka.
The document appears to be a table containing statistical data with right tail probabilities for the t distribution. The table includes degrees of freedom (df) ranging from 1 to 30 across the top. Under each df is a column of p-values ranging from 0.40 to 0.0005. The body of the table contains the corresponding t-statistic for each intersection of df and p-value. Below the table is a website url and email for an organization called Marketing Utopia.
The document appears to be a table containing 53 rows and multiple columns of numeric data. It includes codes in some columns and numbers ranging from 0 to 7 in other columns, possibly representing test scores or results. The table seems to provide performance or other quantitative data for 53 different entries.
Almeda health 2019 05-23-bot-g-budget-combined~Eric Principe
This document provides options and estimated financial impacts for Alameda Health System's FY20 budget. It outlines potential cost-saving measures including a wage freeze, furloughs, benefits restructuring, and evaluating lower margin programs. Estimated savings range from $300,000 to over $7 million. It also lists executive leadership positions and their total FTE counts to be included in the FY20 budget.
This document appears to contain data from a test or study consisting of multiple entries organized in columns. Each entry includes a identification number, values of 1s and 0s for different variables or questions, test and re-test scores, and other numerical values that seem to represent performance metrics. There are over 50 entries listed in the document with varying results, suggesting this data comes from testing of multiple individuals or subjects.
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Quản trị kinh doanh: Đánh giá hoạt động quản trị rủi ro lãi suất cho vay tại ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Quân đội - Chi nhánh Huế cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
1) O documento descreve uma denúncia oferecida pelo Ministério Público Federal contra o ex-presidente Lula e outras sete pessoas por corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro relacionadas à Petrobras.
2) A denúncia alega que o ex-presidente Lula recebeu vantagens indevidas da empreiteira OAS na forma de um apartamento reformado e armazenamento de bens, no valor total de R$3,7 milhões.
3) O juiz analisa se há justa causa para receber a denúncia
O documento é um termo de declarações de Roberto Zardi Ferreira à Polícia Federal sobre sua atuação como Diretor Institucional da OAS. Ele relata ter intermediado uma doação a pedido do então Senador Gim Argello para uma igreja católica em Taguatinga a mando do Presidente da OAS Léo Pinheiro.
90 a approved plots neemrana behror,nh8 4Baburaj Patel
This document lists several hospitals and healthcare facilities located near Sky Aangan, a new housing project being developed by Sky Real Group in Keshwana Industry, Rajasthan. The project is offering residential plots of various sizes priced at Rs. 4500/- per square yard, with payment plans including a down payment option or 14 equal monthly installments. The developer has previously completed projects called Shyam Residency and Sky City in the nearby areas, and their ongoing projects are Sky Aangan Phase 1 and Phase 2. Contact details are provided for further information.
The document discusses the BRICS bloc, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It describes how the BRICS bloc was formed to balance Western domination of international institutions. The BRICS countries often take a common position on issues like climate change and economic governance. They have established new institutions like the New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to increase their influence. However, cracks have emerged within the BRICS as their economic fortunes have diverged in recent years, with Russia and Brazil facing recession while India remains the fastest growing major economy.
O juiz substitui a prisão preventiva de Mônica Regina Cunha Moura por medidas cautelares alternativas, incluindo proibição de deixar o país, contato com outros investigados e comparecimento a todos os atos do processo, além do pagamento de fiança equivalente aos valores bloqueados em suas contas. Ela também fica proibida de atuar em campanhas eleitorais até nova decisão judicial.
This document summarizes the career experience of Jenny Cui, an expert color material designer with over 8 years of experience working for 3 global mobile companies. She has served 14 mature products that reached the market and received 4 design awards. Her experience includes developing color material strategies, executing projects, and providing on-site support. She is skilled in material technologies, design strategy, trends analysis, storytelling and has worked successfully across multiple countries and companies.
Rhonda Kopelli worked as the Director of Employment at the Millionair Club Charity for 4 years. She revitalized the languishing employment program and implemented a successful social enterprise model that increased revenue. Rhonda also had a strong reputation among other social service agencies and was skilled at connecting clients to employment opportunities. The author, who has extensive experience in diverse business environments, wholeheartedly recommends Rhonda for any position based on her high levels of ethics, intelligence, creativity, compassion, and humor.
Un poema es una obra escrita en verso que busca expresar las emociones o impresiones del autor a través del uso de rima y otras herramientas lingüísticas. Un poema se compone de estrofas, versos y rima, donde las estrofas son conjuntos de versos con la misma forma métrica y las rimas son igualdades en los sonidos finales de los versos. Los poemas utilizan un lenguaje figurado como metáforas e imágenes para ofrecer definiciones y descripciones no literales.
DecorArte es una empresa colombiana dedicada a la decoración de eventos y espacios. Ofrece una variedad de productos artesanales para satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes. La empresa busca ser reconocida a nivel nacional por su innovación, compromiso con el medio ambiente y alta calidad en el servicio.
2016 07 12_purdue_bigdatainomics_seandavisSean Davis
Newer, faster, cheaper molecular assays are driving biomedical research. I discuss the history of biomedical data including concepts of data sharing, hypothesis-driven vs generating research, and the potential to expand our thinking on biomedical research to be much more integrated through smart, creative, and open use of technologies and more flexible, longitudinal studies.
Este proyecto busca crear tipografías y personajes originales para el desarrollo de estampados textiles personalizados para cada cliente. Se justifica por la falta de empresas que ofrezcan este servicio de diseño exclusivo. Los objetivos son investigar sobre creación de tipografía, diseñar motivos originales y enriquecer conocimientos de diseño. El proyecto busca posicionarse en 2 años ofreciendo diseños innovadores y calidad artesanal.
The document presents preliminary results from a study examining the relationship between income, education, and diet quality in China from 2004 to 2009. The key findings are:
1) Household income has a positive but diminishing impact on diet variety, with stronger effects among lower income groups that weaken over time.
2) Higher levels of education are associated with greater diet variety.
3) Provincial factors play a role in determining diet variety, with considerable differences across some Chinese provinces.
Determinants and Impact of Household's Out-Of–Pocket Healthcare Expenditure i...Economic Research Forum
Ebaidalla Mahjoub Ebaidalla - University of Khartoum
Mohammed Elhaj Mustafa - University of Kassala
ERF Workshop on The Economics of Healthcare in the ERF Region
Cairo, Egypt - May 23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
Low Incidences of High Growth Firms in Scotland: Why is Scotland lagging behind?enterpriseresearchcentre
The document analyzes the low levels of high-growth firms in Scotland compared to other UK regions from 2010-2018. It uses logistic regression on firm-level panel data from various sources to examine the influence of firm characteristics, regional characteristics, and entrepreneurial activity on the likelihood of high-growth episodes. The results show that factors like firm age, size, sector, and regional controls can explain some but not all of the differences between Scotland and other regions. Future research will incorporate additional variables like anticipated growth.
Equity Financing Capacity and Stock Returns: Evidence from ChinaLalith Samarakoon
This document summarizes research presented at the Global Finance Conference in Chicago in 2012 on the relationship between equity financing capacity and future stock returns in China. The researchers investigated how the ability of Chinese firms to issue equity, as determined by regulations set by the China Securities Regulatory Commission, impacted subsequent stock performance. They found that for firms qualified to issue shares, having the capacity for rights issues or public offerings was strongly negatively correlated with future returns. This relationship held for qualified firms that both applied to issue shares and for those that successfully issued equity. The results support theories that predict investors react negatively to equity issuance due to agency problems, signaling effects, or earnings management.
On 29 May, ESRI researcher Paul Redmond presented 'The effect of retirement on consumption' at the ESRI's Pensions and retirement conference. View all slides from the conference here: https://www.esri.ie/events/pensions-and-retirement-conference
This document is a report on the budget execution of expenses for the municipality of Titiriri. It provides information on the initial budget appropriation, budget commitments, final budget appropriation, remaining appropriation balance, and remaining balance to be disbursed for various budget lines including the council, ombudsman's office, and mayor's office. It includes figures on personnel expenses, general expenses, and contributions for these departments. The document contains detailed line item budgets for concepts such as salaries, bonuses, utilities, supplies, travel costs and more.
Estimating the Effect of Personal Experience and Vicarious Experience on Time...Office of Health Economics
Slides on a presentation OHE's Patricia Cubi-Molla gave on 'Estimating the Effect of Personal Experience and Vicarious Experience on Time Trade-Off Valuations of Health States' at XXXVIII Jornadas de Economia de la Salud Las Palmas de Gran Canaria on 20-22 June, 2018.
Dr. Paul Yeske - Assessment of The Likelihood of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Lat...John Blue
This document summarizes a study assessing the likelihood of lateral transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in finishing pig sites. The objectives were to determine the incidence rate of lateral infections and identify risk factors. 100 finishing sites were tested prior to marketing using serology and PCR tests. 6 sites tested positive, a lateral transmission rate of 6%. Vaccination status and herd management practices may have impacted the risk of lateral transmission between sites. The preliminary results provide insight into the rate of Mycoplasma spread between pig groups in finishing facilities.
Dr. Paul Yeske - Assessment of The Likelihood of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Lat...John Blue
This document summarizes a study assessing the likelihood of lateral transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in finishing pigs. The objectives were to determine the incidence rate of lateral infections in finishing pigs and identify risk factors. 100 finishing sites were tested prior to marketing using serology and PCR tests. 6 sites tested positive, a lateral transmission rate of 6%. Vaccination status and production system were identified as potential risk factors. The preliminary results provide insight into the rate of Mycoplasma transmission between pigs in finishing facilities.
1. The study examines factors influencing life satisfaction in Italy using survey data from 2008-2009. It finds that life satisfaction is higher for those with higher incomes, savings, and more optimistic economic views, and lower for those experiencing financial stress.
2. The data comes from three waves capturing different points in Italy's economic cycle, but economic indicators did not change dramatically between waves.
3. The researchers developed methods to standardize life satisfaction responses measured on different scales across waves. Regression analysis found that income, financial stress, and demographic factors influence reported life satisfaction.
1) The study examines the impact of foreign workers on labor productivity and wages in Italian firms.
2) Preliminary results show higher shares of foreign workers, especially those from outside the EU, are associated with lower labor productivity and wages.
3) However, in knowledge-intensive service sectors, higher shares of foreign workers are linked to higher productivity and wages.
Heterogeneous Impact of Livelihood Diversification: Cross-Country Evidence fr...IFPRI-PIM
CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets Workshop on Rural Transformation in the 21st Century (Vancouver, BC – 28 July 2018, 30th International Conference of Agricultural Economists). Presentation by Solomon Asfaw, GCF-IEU. Co-authors: Antonio Scognamillo, Gloria Di Caprera, Ada Ignaciuk, and Nicholas Sitko.
O documento é um termo de declarações de Roberto Zardi Ferreira à Polícia Federal sobre sua atuação como Diretor Institucional da OAS. Ele relata ter intermediado uma doação a pedido do então Senador Gim Argello para uma igreja católica em Taguatinga a mando do Presidente da OAS Léo Pinheiro.
90 a approved plots neemrana behror,nh8 4Baburaj Patel
This document lists several hospitals and healthcare facilities located near Sky Aangan, a new housing project being developed by Sky Real Group in Keshwana Industry, Rajasthan. The project is offering residential plots of various sizes priced at Rs. 4500/- per square yard, with payment plans including a down payment option or 14 equal monthly installments. The developer has previously completed projects called Shyam Residency and Sky City in the nearby areas, and their ongoing projects are Sky Aangan Phase 1 and Phase 2. Contact details are provided for further information.
The document discusses the BRICS bloc, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It describes how the BRICS bloc was formed to balance Western domination of international institutions. The BRICS countries often take a common position on issues like climate change and economic governance. They have established new institutions like the New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to increase their influence. However, cracks have emerged within the BRICS as their economic fortunes have diverged in recent years, with Russia and Brazil facing recession while India remains the fastest growing major economy.
O juiz substitui a prisão preventiva de Mônica Regina Cunha Moura por medidas cautelares alternativas, incluindo proibição de deixar o país, contato com outros investigados e comparecimento a todos os atos do processo, além do pagamento de fiança equivalente aos valores bloqueados em suas contas. Ela também fica proibida de atuar em campanhas eleitorais até nova decisão judicial.
This document summarizes the career experience of Jenny Cui, an expert color material designer with over 8 years of experience working for 3 global mobile companies. She has served 14 mature products that reached the market and received 4 design awards. Her experience includes developing color material strategies, executing projects, and providing on-site support. She is skilled in material technologies, design strategy, trends analysis, storytelling and has worked successfully across multiple countries and companies.
Rhonda Kopelli worked as the Director of Employment at the Millionair Club Charity for 4 years. She revitalized the languishing employment program and implemented a successful social enterprise model that increased revenue. Rhonda also had a strong reputation among other social service agencies and was skilled at connecting clients to employment opportunities. The author, who has extensive experience in diverse business environments, wholeheartedly recommends Rhonda for any position based on her high levels of ethics, intelligence, creativity, compassion, and humor.
Un poema es una obra escrita en verso que busca expresar las emociones o impresiones del autor a través del uso de rima y otras herramientas lingüísticas. Un poema se compone de estrofas, versos y rima, donde las estrofas son conjuntos de versos con la misma forma métrica y las rimas son igualdades en los sonidos finales de los versos. Los poemas utilizan un lenguaje figurado como metáforas e imágenes para ofrecer definiciones y descripciones no literales.
DecorArte es una empresa colombiana dedicada a la decoración de eventos y espacios. Ofrece una variedad de productos artesanales para satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes. La empresa busca ser reconocida a nivel nacional por su innovación, compromiso con el medio ambiente y alta calidad en el servicio.
2016 07 12_purdue_bigdatainomics_seandavisSean Davis
Newer, faster, cheaper molecular assays are driving biomedical research. I discuss the history of biomedical data including concepts of data sharing, hypothesis-driven vs generating research, and the potential to expand our thinking on biomedical research to be much more integrated through smart, creative, and open use of technologies and more flexible, longitudinal studies.
Este proyecto busca crear tipografías y personajes originales para el desarrollo de estampados textiles personalizados para cada cliente. Se justifica por la falta de empresas que ofrezcan este servicio de diseño exclusivo. Los objetivos son investigar sobre creación de tipografía, diseñar motivos originales y enriquecer conocimientos de diseño. El proyecto busca posicionarse en 2 años ofreciendo diseños innovadores y calidad artesanal.
The document presents preliminary results from a study examining the relationship between income, education, and diet quality in China from 2004 to 2009. The key findings are:
1) Household income has a positive but diminishing impact on diet variety, with stronger effects among lower income groups that weaken over time.
2) Higher levels of education are associated with greater diet variety.
3) Provincial factors play a role in determining diet variety, with considerable differences across some Chinese provinces.
Determinants and Impact of Household's Out-Of–Pocket Healthcare Expenditure i...Economic Research Forum
Ebaidalla Mahjoub Ebaidalla - University of Khartoum
Mohammed Elhaj Mustafa - University of Kassala
ERF Workshop on The Economics of Healthcare in the ERF Region
Cairo, Egypt - May 23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
Low Incidences of High Growth Firms in Scotland: Why is Scotland lagging behind?enterpriseresearchcentre
The document analyzes the low levels of high-growth firms in Scotland compared to other UK regions from 2010-2018. It uses logistic regression on firm-level panel data from various sources to examine the influence of firm characteristics, regional characteristics, and entrepreneurial activity on the likelihood of high-growth episodes. The results show that factors like firm age, size, sector, and regional controls can explain some but not all of the differences between Scotland and other regions. Future research will incorporate additional variables like anticipated growth.
Equity Financing Capacity and Stock Returns: Evidence from ChinaLalith Samarakoon
This document summarizes research presented at the Global Finance Conference in Chicago in 2012 on the relationship between equity financing capacity and future stock returns in China. The researchers investigated how the ability of Chinese firms to issue equity, as determined by regulations set by the China Securities Regulatory Commission, impacted subsequent stock performance. They found that for firms qualified to issue shares, having the capacity for rights issues or public offerings was strongly negatively correlated with future returns. This relationship held for qualified firms that both applied to issue shares and for those that successfully issued equity. The results support theories that predict investors react negatively to equity issuance due to agency problems, signaling effects, or earnings management.
On 29 May, ESRI researcher Paul Redmond presented 'The effect of retirement on consumption' at the ESRI's Pensions and retirement conference. View all slides from the conference here: https://www.esri.ie/events/pensions-and-retirement-conference
This document is a report on the budget execution of expenses for the municipality of Titiriri. It provides information on the initial budget appropriation, budget commitments, final budget appropriation, remaining appropriation balance, and remaining balance to be disbursed for various budget lines including the council, ombudsman's office, and mayor's office. It includes figures on personnel expenses, general expenses, and contributions for these departments. The document contains detailed line item budgets for concepts such as salaries, bonuses, utilities, supplies, travel costs and more.
Estimating the Effect of Personal Experience and Vicarious Experience on Time...Office of Health Economics
Slides on a presentation OHE's Patricia Cubi-Molla gave on 'Estimating the Effect of Personal Experience and Vicarious Experience on Time Trade-Off Valuations of Health States' at XXXVIII Jornadas de Economia de la Salud Las Palmas de Gran Canaria on 20-22 June, 2018.
Dr. Paul Yeske - Assessment of The Likelihood of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Lat...John Blue
This document summarizes a study assessing the likelihood of lateral transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in finishing pig sites. The objectives were to determine the incidence rate of lateral infections and identify risk factors. 100 finishing sites were tested prior to marketing using serology and PCR tests. 6 sites tested positive, a lateral transmission rate of 6%. Vaccination status and herd management practices may have impacted the risk of lateral transmission between sites. The preliminary results provide insight into the rate of Mycoplasma spread between pig groups in finishing facilities.
Dr. Paul Yeske - Assessment of The Likelihood of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Lat...John Blue
This document summarizes a study assessing the likelihood of lateral transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in finishing pigs. The objectives were to determine the incidence rate of lateral infections in finishing pigs and identify risk factors. 100 finishing sites were tested prior to marketing using serology and PCR tests. 6 sites tested positive, a lateral transmission rate of 6%. Vaccination status and production system were identified as potential risk factors. The preliminary results provide insight into the rate of Mycoplasma transmission between pigs in finishing facilities.
1. The study examines factors influencing life satisfaction in Italy using survey data from 2008-2009. It finds that life satisfaction is higher for those with higher incomes, savings, and more optimistic economic views, and lower for those experiencing financial stress.
2. The data comes from three waves capturing different points in Italy's economic cycle, but economic indicators did not change dramatically between waves.
3. The researchers developed methods to standardize life satisfaction responses measured on different scales across waves. Regression analysis found that income, financial stress, and demographic factors influence reported life satisfaction.
1) The study examines the impact of foreign workers on labor productivity and wages in Italian firms.
2) Preliminary results show higher shares of foreign workers, especially those from outside the EU, are associated with lower labor productivity and wages.
3) However, in knowledge-intensive service sectors, higher shares of foreign workers are linked to higher productivity and wages.
Heterogeneous Impact of Livelihood Diversification: Cross-Country Evidence fr...IFPRI-PIM
CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets Workshop on Rural Transformation in the 21st Century (Vancouver, BC – 28 July 2018, 30th International Conference of Agricultural Economists). Presentation by Solomon Asfaw, GCF-IEU. Co-authors: Antonio Scognamillo, Gloria Di Caprera, Ada Ignaciuk, and Nicholas Sitko.
The document presents a time series analysis of life expectancy at birth in Pakistan using ARIMA models. It analyzes data from 1960-2012 to develop ARIMA models and forecasts life expectancy out to 2042. The best fitting model was found to be ARIMA (2,2,0) based on having the lowest AIC and SBIC values compared to other models tested. This model forecasts that life expectancy at birth in Pakistan will be 66.4489% in 2020 and will reach 62.256% by 2042. Residual diagnostics confirmed the best model satisfied assumptions of normality, independence and no autocorrelation.
Plenary session 5 3. stephan klasen amaranteIARIW 2014
This paper analyzes levels and determinants of unpaid household work in 4 Latin American countries using time use surveys from 2007-2010. The key findings are that women do significantly more unpaid household work than men, and women's unpaid work is more responsive to factors like age, income, education and presence of children. Men do much less unpaid work which is less affected by individual characteristics. The paper uses regression analysis to examine how unpaid work hours vary based on demographic and socioeconomic factors for both men and women in each country. Understanding unpaid household work is important for measuring GDP accurately and issues of gender equity and social policy related to care responsibilities.
Jason Loughrey, Household income volatility in IrelandNUI Galway
Dr Jason Loughrey, Teagasc, Household income volatility in Ireland presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
1) The study analyzes differences in entrepreneurial intentions among immigrants, regional in-migrants, and life-long residents in the UK, as well as the impact of gender and other factors.
2) It finds that both immigrants and in-migrants are more likely to have entrepreneurial intentions than life-long residents, and that the propensity is highest in the first 3 years after arrival.
3) While immigrants have higher entrepreneurial intentions from the start, barriers prevent many from acting on those intentions in early years, showing a gap between intentions and action.
These slides present the first results from the second wave of a pilot survey, the Management and Expectations Survey, which gathered information on British management practices and firms' expectations for future growth.
This document provides budget execution information for the municipality of Titiriri. It includes the initial appropriation, budget commitments, final appropriation, available appropriation, and amount available to commit for various line items related to the council, ombudsman's office, and mayor's office for the current year. Specific expenditures are broken down for personnel services, general expenses, and mandatory contributions for each department. The final sections provide totals for expenditures and available balances by category.
The document summarizes research on measuring the return on investment and performance of workforce development programs. It discusses methods for establishing causality between programs and outcomes. It then presents results from studies on the net impacts and returns on investment of various workforce programs in Washington state and other states. These include impacts on employment, earnings, skill attainment rates, and returns for participants, taxpayers, and society. The document concludes by noting new requirements in WIOA for indicators to measure employer satisfaction with workforce programs.
This document describes using Change Point Analysis (CPA) to detect subtle changes in disease trends in the BioSense public health surveillance system. It details Taylor's cumulative sum (CUSUM) CPA method, which uses bootstrapping to identify significant changes in mean values of time series data and split the data into segments. An example of applying CUSUM CPA to detect changes in the percentage of clinic visits is provided.
3. Aim of the project
• The aim of this master thesis is to estimate the relationship between
informal caregiving and the labour-market.
• The overall expectation was to identify a negative relationship, that can
explain why people giving care have a lower labour-market participation
• However, when accounting for an intensive caregiving margin in the
model, the effect is expected to be less intensive and maybe non-existent.
• Why is this thesis relevant?
08-12-2016 3
4. Informal caregiving can play an
important role in the realisation of an
effect home care and welfare state!
However, meeting the care needs of
relatives can have an impact on the
labour-market!
“
5. What is the
Causal Effect
of Informal Caregiving
on Labour-Market Outcomes
Q1
10. The parental welfare function in the decision making
• The parent welfare function
𝛽𝑣 𝑍𝑖, 𝐼𝐶𝑖
• It is expected that there will be an
increase in the likelihood of
providing informal care, when only
having one parent left
• When a parent pass away, an
decrease in the likelihood of being
employed is expected
08-12-2016 10
11. Theoretical effects of informal caregiving
• Informal caregivers will decide to reduce work only when the substitution
effect outweights the income effect.
• An intensive threshold for informal caregiving.
• If the respite effect is dominating a positive relationship between informal
caregiving and working hours should be found.
08-12-2016 11
14. The Empirical Model
• Labour-market model
𝐿 𝑖𝑗𝑡 = 𝑓𝑗 𝐼𝐶𝑖𝑡, 𝐻𝑖𝑡, 𝑋𝑖𝑡, 𝑅𝑖, 𝜖 𝑖𝑗𝑡 , 𝑗 = 1,2 𝑡 = 1,2 (4.1)
where
𝐼𝐶𝑖𝑡 is informal caregiving
𝐻𝑖𝑡 is the individuals health-status
𝑋𝑖𝑡 is social-economic control variables
𝑅𝑖 is the institutional framework in the country
08-12-2016 14
16. Correlation between the endogenous
variable and the instrument (Relevance)
The instrument variable must be
exogenous (Exogeneity)
The unbiased estimator
Binary Choice model
Instrument Variable model
Fixed Effect model
Average Treatment Effect model
Empirical strategy
• 𝐶𝑜𝑣 𝑧𝑖𝑡, 𝜖𝑖𝑡 = 0
• 𝐶𝑜𝑣 𝑧𝑖𝑡, 𝐼𝐶𝑖𝑡 ≠ 0
• 𝛽𝐼𝑉 =
𝐶𝑜𝑣(𝑌,𝑍)
𝐶𝑜𝑣(𝑋,𝑍)
17. Strictly exogeneity in the fixed-effect
model
Allows for correlation between
unobserved variables and the error-term
The unbiased FE-estimator
Binary Choice model
Instrument Variable model
Fixed Effect model
Average Treatment Effect model
Empirical strategy
• 𝐸 𝑋𝑖𝑡 𝛼𝑖 ≠ 0
• 𝐸 𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑋𝑖𝑡, 𝛼𝑖 = 0
• 𝛽 𝐹𝐸 = 𝑖=1
𝑁
𝑿𝑖
′
𝑿𝑖
−1
𝑖=1
𝑁
𝑿𝑖
′
𝑳𝑖
21. Table 6-2: Regression results of Informal Care & Intensive Care (>15) on labour-market participation
08-12-2016 21
Coeff S.E. Marginal S.E. Coeff S.E. Coeff S.E. Coeff S.E. Coeff S.E. Coeff S.E. Coeff S.E. Coeff S.E.
Hours of care - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Informal care 0,036 *** 0,010 0,017 * 0,009 -0,007 0,011 - - - - 0,060 0,084 - - - - -0,007 0,155
Intensive care -0,175 *** 0,031 -0,085 *** 0,025 -0,016 0,028 - - - - -0,705 ** 0,354 - - - - 0,087 0,624
Age 0,090 ** 0,045 0,095 *** 0,037 0,124 *** 0,042 0,016 0,053 0,007 0,022 0,093 ** 0,046 -0,026 0,109 0,000 0,050 0,119 *** 0,043
Age Squared -0,001 ** 0,000 -0,001 *** 0,000 -0,001 *** 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 -0,001 ** 0,000 0,000 0,001 0,000 0,000 -0,001 ** 0,000
Number of children -0,012 *** 0,004 -0,011 ** 0,005 -0,012 0,012 -0,007 0,004 -0,004 ** 0,002 -0,013 *** 0,004 -0,008 0,023 0,002 0,011 -0,014 0,012
Number of chronical conditions -0,021 *** 0,006 -0,018 *** 0,006 -0,003 0,010 0,012 * 0,007 0,002 0,003 -0,021 *** 0,006 0,019 0,020 0,004 0,009 -0,003 0,010
Married -0,118 *** 0,012 -0,090 *** 0,014 -0,022 0,033 0,013 0,014 0,006 0,006 -0,114 *** 0,013 0,048 0,119 -0,027 0,039 -0,021 0,040
Self-rated health 0,169 *** 0,016 0,131 *** 0,014 0,064 *** 0,017 0,049 *** 0,016 -0,005 0,008 0,162 *** 0,017 0,011 0,038 -0,009 0,018 0,067 *** 0,019
Household's income percentile 0,040 *** 0,002 0,028 *** 0,002 0,011 *** 0,002 0,007 *** 0,002 0,000 0,001 0,040 *** 0,002 -0,001 0,005 -0,001 0,002 0,012 *** 0,002
EURO-D -0,015 *** 0,003 -0,013 *** 0,003 -0,009 *** 0,003 -0,001 0,003 0,002 * 0,001 -0,013 *** 0,003 0,003 0,007 0,001 0,003 -0,009 *** 0,003
Wave2 dummy 0,033 *** 0,010 0,029 *** 0,007 -0,049 ** 0,023 -0,039 *** 0,013 -0,014 ** 0,005 0,033 *** 0,011 -0,015 0,056 -0,016 0,025 -0,049 ** 0,023
Years of education 0,013 *** 0,001 0,017 *** 0,002 - - 0,008 *** 0,001 -0,001 * 0,001 0,012 *** 0,002 - - - - - -
Female -0,208 *** 0,010 -0,214 *** 0,012 - - 0,090 *** 0,011 0,034 *** 0,004 -0,193 *** 0,014 - - - - - -
Region B 0,083 *** 0,014 0,080 *** 0,019 - - 0,076 *** 0,015 -0,023 *** 0,008 0,070 *** 0,020 - - - - - -
Region C -0,007 0,014 -0,011 0,018 - - 0,169 *** 0,015 -0,015 ** 0,007 -0,017 0,024 - - - - - -
Region D 0,150 *** 0,015 0,152 *** 0,019 - - 0,256 *** 0,018 -0,031 *** 0,007 0,129 *** 0,032 - - - - - -
Constant -1,726 1,248 - - -3,126 ** 1,255 -0,525 1,467 -0,221 0,621 -1,805 1,287 1,115 3,200 -0,094 1,443 -2,995 ** 1,271
Parent 1 - - - - - - 0,001 0,014 -0,016 ** 0,006 - - 0,102 *** 0,034 0,009 0,015 - -
Mother Age - - - - - - 0,002 *** 0,000 0,000 ** 0,000 - - - - - - - -
Mother Health - - - - - - 0,078 *** 0,014 0,038 *** 0,006 - - 0,057 ** 0,029 0,027 ** 0,012 - -
Mother Distance - - - - - - -0,162 *** 0,015 -0,021 *** 0,005 - - - - - - - -
Father Age - - - - - - 0,063 *** 0,015 0,011 * 0,007 - - - - - - - -
Father Health - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Father Distance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Observations 6479 6479 6479 6479 6479 6479 6479 6479 6479
Individuals 3423 3423 3423 3423 3423 3423 3423 3423 3423
F-Test first stage 37,33 *** 6,6 *** 1,6 * 0,69
Overidentification test 0,92 (p=0.82)
Durbin-Wu-Hausman exogeneity test 1,62 (p=0.20)
Hausman (Test for random effects) 225,6 ***(Reject)
Wald Chi2 3204 *** 1073 *** 258 *** 2794 *** 251 ***
R2 29% 6% 9% 3% 25% 0% 0% 5%
Correlation (u,X) 0,118 -0,089 -0,104 0,077
*** Significant at 1 %; ** Significant at 5%; *Signifiant at 10 %
a = Informal care, 1 for given care or else then 0, b=Intensive care if more than 15 hours of care
Note that the marginal effect calculation is based on a unmarried man from region A who are not given care in the sample (Female=0, Married=0, self-health=0, RegionB=0, RegionC=0,RegionD=0,Informal Care=0, Intensive Care =0, rest of the variables are at means)
First-stage (a) Second-stage First-stage (a)
Intensive Caregiving
LPM (R6) Pooled Probit (R7) LPM FE (R8) LPM IV
Second-stage
LPM IV
First-stage (b)
LPM FEIV
First-stage (b)
LPM IV (R9) LPM FEIV LPM FEIV (R10)
22. Table 6-6: Regression results of defined Intensive caregiving margin for full sample and between genders
08-12-2016 22
Marginal S.E. Marginal S.E. Coeff S.E. Coeff S.E.
Full Sample
Informal Care 0,019 ** 0,010 0,016 * 0,009 0,017 * 0,009 0,017 * 0,009
Intensive Care -0,037 ** 0,016 -0,050 ** 0,020 -0,085 *** 0,025 -0,086 *** 0,026
Observation 6479 6479 6479 6479
Individuals 3423 3423 3423 3423
Wald 1829,70 *** 1828,76 *** 1844,43 *** 1841,41 ***
Men
Informal Care 0,022 * 0,012 0,021 * 0,011 0,019 * 0,011 0,019 * 0,011
Intensive Care -0,031 0,026 -0,053 0,042 -0,059 0,062 -0,076 0,065
Observation 2846 2846 2846 2846
Individuals 1502 1502 1502 1502
Wald 356,64 *** 395,00 *** 354,45 *** 354,70 ***
Female
Informal Care 0,016 0,014 0,015 0,014 0,019 0,014 0,018 0,014
Intensive Care -0,025 0,019 -0,038 0,023 -0,078 *** 0,027 -0,074 *** 0,028
Observation 3622 3622 3622 3622
Individuals 1921 1921 1921 1921
Wald 1211,67 *** 1203,90 *** 1231,27 *** 1221,15 ***
*** Significant at 1 %; ** Significant at 5%; *Signifiant at 10 %
Note that the marginal effect calculation is based on a man from region A who are not given care in the sample and for the women regression an
unmarried woman (a man in the mens sample) in region A (Informal care = 0, intensive care =0, Married=0, self-Health =0, Wave=0, RegionB=0,
RegionC=0,RegionD=0)
5 Hours 10 Hours 15 Hours 20 Hours
Intensive care
27. 08-12-2016 27
Table 6-10: Results of the treatment effect of a parent passing
away on the labour-market participation
Robust Robust
Agecohort Coef. Std. Err. Coef. Std. Err.
51-58 ATET -0,019 0,019 -0,009 0,030
Mean 0,875 *** 0,010 0,153 *** 0,017
Observation (N): 1870 739
59-64 ATET -0,075 * 0,043 0,040 ** 0,022
Mean 0,668 *** 0,028 0,047 *** 0,011
Observation 601 618
***significant at 1%: **significant at 5%: *singificant at 10%
Not EmployedEmployed
1 = 0
1 = 1
1 = 0
1 = 1
28. • Overall, a small negative relationship between
informal caregiving and labour-market
outcomes
• An significant existence of a intensive margin
• That gender differencies exists
• That the assumption of exogeneity couldn’t
be rejected
• That the likelihood of ”early” retirement
increases for individual older than 58
experience a parent passing away
Conclusion
30. Figure 2-1: The Global model of care. It illustrates the three components determine the
demand and supply of care. Source: Own illustration
08-12-2016 30
31. Table 6-9: Regional regression results of the analysis of informal caregiving hours on working-hours
08-12-2016 31
Marginal
Robust
S. E. Marginal
Robust
S. E. Marginal
Robust
S. E. Marginal
Robust
S. E.
Hours of care -0,119 * 0,066 -0,021 0,065 0,047 0,043 -0,047 0,071
Age 1,484 5,104 -2,212 4,055 5,353 3,323 3,020 2,712
Age Squared -0,012 0,046 0,017 0,037 -0,050 * 0,030 -0,028 0,024
Number of children -1,859 ** 0,797 0,046 0,393 0,108 0,343 -0,278 0,287
Number of chronical conditions -0,804 0,931 1,106 * 0,578 0,206 0,442 -0,195 0,467
Married 0,087 2,284 -2,452 ** 1,134 -1,605 1,063 -2,413 *** 0,787
Self-rated health 3,583 * 2,092 0,013 1,251 -0,102 1,008 2,514 ** 1,125
Household's income percentile 0,136 0,264 0,328 ** 0,166 0,479 *** 0,168 0,494 *** 0,153
EURO-D 0,754 ** 0,373 -0,048 0,211 -0,207 0,166 -0,442 ** 0,198
Wave2 dummy 2,188 ** 1,072 1,617 ** 0,746 -0,587 0,565 -0,843 0,558
Years of education 0,219 0,202 -0,055 0,104 0,263 ** 0,111 -0,034 0,115
Female -5,925 *** 1,817 -9,171 *** 0,931 -11,022 *** 0,829 -5,256 *** 0,745
Observations 799 1201 1536 1119
Individuals 430 676 862 609
Wald 70,35 *** 119,8 *** 243,52 *** 114,5 ***
*** Significant at 1 %; ** Significant at 5%; *Signifiant at 10 %
Region A Region B Region C Region D
Editor's Notes
The model is based on the Nocera and Zweifel framework from 1996.
The model is based on the Nocera and Zweifel framework from 1996.
Natural experiments are naturally occurring situations where we want to know the effect of variable X on Y and there is a variable Z related to X, but not ε
Another way so say this is: Z effects Y only through X
This variable Z is called an instrumental variable
It can be shown that
is an unbiased estimator of β1 in large samples but not in small samples (bIV is consistent)
IV can thus be used to address the following important threats to internal validity:
• Omitted variable bias from a variable that is correlated with X but is unobserved, so cannot be included in the regression;
• Simultaneous causality bias (endogenous explanatory variables; X causes Y, Y causes X);
• Errors-in-variables bias (X is measured with error)
Instrumental variables regression can eliminate bias from these three sources.
A valid instrument must satisfy two conditions
FE modeller kontrollere for alle tidsinvariante forskelle mellem personer, så den estimeret koefficient af FE modellen kan ikke være biased grundet omitted time-invariant karakteristika
En downside, ved at bruge FE modeller er at de ikke kan bruges til at undersøge tidsinvariant udsving af de afhængige variabler. FE modellere er designet til at studere ændringer within a person.
NOT SIGNIFICANT!
INCREASING STANDARD ERRORS
Gender difference, but not significant different. However it seems likely that women is having a trade-off
To summarize the findings, only the older cohort experiences a significant effect on employment when a parent passes away.
Discussion
Selection bias?
More periods?
Measurement error and intrepretion of questions
Larger sample size
Instrument variables valid and good?