it is a simple and easy form of special dermatological therapies about skin diseases and conditions.

1. SPECIALDERMATOLOGICAL
THERAPIES'

2. introduction
Dermatology involves the study, research, diagnosis, and
management of any health conditions that may affect the
skin, fat hair, nails, and membranes. A dermatologist is the
health professional who specializes in this area of
healthcare.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, which acts as a
barrier to protect the internal organs from injury and
bacteria. It is also a good indicator of the overall health of
the body, making the field of dermatology important in the
diagnosis and management of many health conditions.

3. Dermatologic therapy Conditions
Conditions of the hair, skin, or nails are very common and almost everyone
experiences symptoms of one or other dermatologic condition at some point in
their life. In fact, approximately one in six of all visits to a general practitioner
involves a problem of the skin. Some of the most common dermatologic
conditions include:
•Acne: pimples on the skin due to inflammation of the sebaceous glands
•Dermatitis: red, swollen and sore skin caused by irritation or allergy
•Eczema: rough and inflamed skin that is itchy and may bleed
•Psoriasis: itchy, red, scaly patches on the skin
•Fungal infections: infection of the skin or nails caused by a fungus
•Warts: small hard growth on the skin caused by a virus
•Cold sore: inflamed blister near the mouth caused by herpes simplex virus
•Skin cancer: uncontrolled growth of skin cells
•Each of these dermatologic conditions has characteristic symptoms and should
be managed in a unique manner.

4. common dermatologic conditions

5. Therapies in Dermatology
There are several types of dermatological therapies that may be used in the
management of skin conditions. These may include:
•Tropical medications
•Systemic medications
•Dermatopathology
•Surgery
•Immunotherapy
•Photodynamic therapy
•Phototherapy
•Laser therapy
•Radiotherapy

6. 1.Tropical medication
Topical dermatological agents are applied directly on the skin to
treat skin conditions. They may deliver medicines to prevent or
treat skin disorders or have inert creams and ointments for
routine skin care to maintain the skin, which may be
susceptible to skin disorders.
Topical dermatological agents include local anesthetics,
cleansing agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-infective
agents, emollients, astringents, agents to treat acne, anti-
virials, anti-fungal, agents for psoriasis such as topical
corticosteroids, and so on.

7. Tropical medication incudes :-
• Aciclovir
• Acne treatment
• Alpha hydroxy acids
• Anaesthetics (anaesthetics)
• Antibacterial soap
• Azelaic acid
• Anthralin
• Antiacne treatment
• Antibiotics for acne
• Antihistamines
• Antiperspirants
• Antiseptics
• Ascorbic acid
• Azelaic acid
• Benzoyl peroxide
• Bexarotene
• Bimatoprost
• Brimonidine
• Bleaching creams
• Calcipotriol (calcipotriene)
• Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate foam (and calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate foam key clinical evidence)
• Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment and gel (and calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionates ointment and gel key clinical
evidence)
• Cannabinoids in dermatology

8. 2.Systemic medications
In recent years there has been an evolution in the systemic
therapy of skin disease, in particular immunosuppressive agents,
retinoids and, most lately, biological drugs and new classes of
drugs for advanced skin cancer. Developments in drug
monitoring include measurement of thiopurine methyl
transferase enzyme activity before prescribing azathioprine, to
screen for patients at risk of severe bone marrow depression, and
monitoring recipients of methotrexate with procollagen III
peptide or Fibro scans to detect hepatic fibrosis. Biologics
including anti-tumor necrosis factor a therapy offer a new and
effective treatment for severe psoriasis in patients who have failed
to respond to conventional systemic drugs, but risks include
reactivation of tuberculosis

9. Systemic medications includes:-
• Antihistamines drugs ( sedative and non sedative)
• Retinoids (ex. Bexarotene)
• Oral antifungal agents
• Systemic glucocorticoids (ex.Prednisolone)
• Antimalarial drugs
• Cytotoxic drug
• Immunoregulation drugs
Ex.Thalidomide

10. 3.Dermatopathology
is a joint subspecialty of dermatology and pathology or surgical pathology that focuses on the study of
cutaneous diseases at a microscopic and molecular level. It also encompasses analyses of the potential
causes of skin diseases at a basic level. Dermatopathologists work in close association with clinical
dermatologists, with many possessing further clinical training in dermatology.[1]
Dermatologists are able to recognize most skin diseases based on their appearances, anatomic distributions,
and behavior. Sometimes, however, those criteria do not allow a conclusive diagnosis to be made, and a skin
biopsy is taken to be examined under the microscope or are subject to other molecular tests. That process
reveals the histology of the disease and results in a specific diagnostic interpretation. In some cases,
additional specialized testing needs to be performed on biopsies, including immunofluorescence,
immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and molecular-pathologic analysis.

11. One of the greatest challenges of dermatopathology is its scope. More than 1500 different
disorders of the skin exist, including cutaneous eruptions ("rashes") and neoplasms
(dermatological oncology deals with pre-cancers, such as an actinic keratosis; and cancers,
including both benign masses, and malignant cancers- such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous
cell carcinoma, and most dangerously, malignant melanoma). Non-cancerous conditions
include vitiligo, impetigo, purpura, pruritus, spider veins, warts, moles, oral or genital herpes,
chancre sores of syphilis, exposure to poison ivy and similar plants or other venom sources,
rashes, cysts, abscesses, corns, and dermabrasions or cases dealing with wrinkles, peeling skin,
or autoimmune attacks on the skin. Therefore, dermatopathologists must maintain a broad
base of knowledge in clinical dermatology, and be familiar with several other specialty areas
in Medicine.

12. 4.Surgery
Dermatologic surgery deals with the diagnosis and
treatment of medically necessary and cosmetic conditions
of the skin, hair, nails, veins, mucous membranes and
adjacent tissues by various surgical, reconstructive,
cosmetic and non-surgical methods. The purpose of
dermatologic surgery is to repair and/or improve the
function and cosmetic appearance of skin tissue.

13. Types of surgery:-
• Skin biopsy (punch biopsy, shave biopsy, incisional biopsy and excision
biopsy)
• Electrosurgery
• Curettage and cautery
• Wound closure
• Flaps
• Skin grafting
• Mohs microscopically controlled excision (for difficult skin cancers)
• Cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen)
• Subcision

14. Skin graftingSkin biopsy

15. 5.Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a type therapy of cancer treatment
that recruits the body’s natural defenses to fight cancer.
It is different from other “standard” cancer treatments such
as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery in that it
stimulates the body’s immune system to fight cancer
directly. It can also help the body recognize cancer cells,
decrease the chance of cancer spreading, or prevent
cancer from coming back after treatment

16. Photodynamic therapy

17. 6.Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment that combines light energy with a
drug (photosensitizer) designed to destroy cancerous and precancerous cells after light
activation. Photosensitizers are activated by a specific wavelength of light energy, usually
from a laser. The photosensitizer is nontoxic until it is activated by light. However, after
light activation, the photosensitizer becomes toxic to the targeted tissue.
Several photosensitizer drugs are available today to treat a variety of diseases, including
acne, psoriasis, age-related macular degeneration, and several cancers, such as skin,
lung, brain, bladder, pancreas, bile duct, esophagus, and head and neck.
In addition to treating these conditions, PDT also helps treat bacterial, fungal and viral
infections. Studies have shown that this light-based therapy can trigger the body's
immune response, giving your body another means to help destroy cancerous and
precancerous cells.

18. Laser therapy

19. 7.Laser therapy
The first lasers used to treat skin conditions occurred over 40 years
ago. Argon and carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers were commonly used to
treat benign vascular birthmarks such as port-wine stains
and hemangiomas. Although these birthmarks could be effectively lightened,
a side effect was the unacceptably high rate of scar formation. In the last 20
years, advances in laser technology have revolutionized their use in the
treatment of many skin conditions and congenital defects, including vascular
and pigmented lesions, and the removal of tattoos, scars and wrinkles.
There is a spectrum of laser and light technologies available for skin
resurfacing and rejuvenation. The aim is to destroy the target cells and not
to harm the surrounding tissue. Short pulses reduce the amount that the
damaged cells heat, thereby reducing thermal injury that could result in
scarring. Automated scanners aim to reduce the chance of overlapping
treatment areas.

20. Radiotherapy

21. 8.Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the treatment of cancer using radiation. During
radiation treatment, radiation is directed to the target tissue and transmits energy that
damages and destroys the cancer cells. It does this by damaging the genetic material of the
cells which triggers cell death. The radiation damages genetic material in both normal
and malignant cells and does not discriminate between them. However, normal cells are able
to recover from the damage, whilst the cancer cells do not. Radiation therapy aims to
maximize the number of cancer cells destroyed, while minimizing the damage to nearby
normal cells. The main type of radiation used for the treatment of skin cancers are x-rays. X-
rays can be generated with different energy levels. High energy x-rays are able to penetrate
deep into the body, and are used to treat internal cancers. In contrast, low energy x-rays do
not penetrate very deep into the body and transmit most of their energy into the skin and are
therefore used for the treatment of skin cancers. These low energy x-rays are often called
superficial or orthovoltage x-rays. In addition, electron beams and gamma rays are other
forms of radiation that are sometimes used to treat skin cancers.

22. THE END
MADE BY : Nitin Sharma and DEEPSI