SPAWAR Book

FALL
2009
NAVAL IT, C4ISR, SPACE SYSTEMS,
and ENTERPRISE SUPPORT:
TODAY and TOMORROW

“Team SPAWAR is acquiring and delivering state-of-the-art
C4ISR capability and network-centric interoperability to
our joint forces. Our integrated systems also support the
Maritime Strategy by providing the warfighter in-theater
with the information technology superiority critical to
battlefield success.”
–Rear Admiral Michael C. Bachmann, USN
Commander, Space and Naval Warfare
Systems Command

Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) professionals distributed throughout selected commands: Naval
NetworkWarfareCommand(NETWARCOM),MarineCorpsSystemsCommand(MARCORSYSCOM),
the newly forming Fleet Cyber Command (FLTCYBERCOM), and the Headquarters Staffs of the Navy
and Marine Corps. Together, we provide a warfighting capability considered absolutely indispensable
in today’s networked world.
For ease of reading, the phrase “C4ISR professionals” will be used throughout this book to refer to the
collective body of professionals drawn from Team SPAWAR, MARCORSYSCOM, NETWARCOM,
FLTCYBERCOM, Navy and Marine Corps Headquarters Staffs, and other various organizational
elements in both the Navy and Marine Corps. These C4I, Information Operations (IO), and IT
professionals are in the field, at the command centers and operational facilities, and are distributed
throughout the shore infrastructure supporting both deployed and Continental United States (CONUS)-
based operations today.
Our C4ISR professionals are both sustaining and creating capabilities, while continuing to evolve and
improve the naval C4ISR suite. These capabilities are an essential, vital element of our national security
strategy. Networks, sensors, computers, and mobile devices are continuing to converge; the tools of
computing are becoming ubiquitous, affecting every part of our daily lives. Naval C4ISR capabilities
are the backbone for both Navy and Marine Corps warfighting readiness overall, while simultaneously
enabling needed business processes.
This book describes that capability. You will read about how our people, systems, and fielded capabilities
are making a difference on today’s battlefield. You will see investment areas within the current Program
Objective Memorandum (POM) cycle building future abilities and potential that will position our naval
forces to address the diverse strategic challenges we will face through 2012 and beyond. You will see a
discussion of emerging technologies that point to science and technology investment areas that hold
great promise for the future Navy and Marine Corps. We share this information to inform and guide
the actions of those whose support is critical to our continued success.
RADM Michael C. Bachmann, USN
Commander,
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
I
n 1984, the term “cyberspace” was introduced in a science fiction novel by William Gibson, where it
described “a graphic representation of data extracted from the banks of every computer in the human
system.” Twenty-three years later, in April 2007, the first public nation-on-nation “cyber attack” took place
on Estonia after that country removed a statue of a Soviet soldier from the town square in its capital, Tallinn,
to the dismay of Soviet descendants who lived in Estonia and Russia. Today, rapid changes continue to take
place in technology and networks across the globe, profoundly changing how people interact. The security
of our nation demands a vision that supports our defense and naval strategy, coupled with an organizational
structure that can unflinchingly execute that strategy in an increasingly interconnected environment.
The Navy has long had both interest and significant investments in what is often called “Information
Technology,” or IT. The challenge of dispersed operations–use of forward-deployed, expeditionary units
carrying out missions in our national interest–has existed since before Teddy Roosevelt sent theGreat White
Fleet around the world. Long-range communications, use of computers, “Command and Control,” use of
space-based assets—all of these technologies are indispensable to naval operations today. Because of this
environment, the Navy and our fellow service members in the Marine Corps have, over time, developed both
a cadre of personnel and organizational infrastructure required to remain on the forefront of IT innovation
and use in warfighting and business operations.
Changes happen fast in IT. Accordingly, our organizations and their roles and responsibilities are shifting
at both Navy Headquarters and Department of Defense (DoD) levels, particularly in the cyber arena.
The programs and technology you see in this book today provide a wonderful snapshot of our warfighter
support efforts. While much of what is contained herein will remain current for years, certain elements
will change—some even while this book is in the distribution cycle. But most of the content will remain
timely and accurate, certainly for the next few years. We are the naval C4ISR/cyber and business support
professionals who stand behind today’s Navy, the planning and delivery of our “Next Navy,” and the “Navy
after Next” that is taking shape in our labs with our academic and industry partners.
My organization–Team SPAWAR–is deeply involved in this work.
“Team SPAWAR” consists of the Space and Naval Warfare Systems
Command (including our world-class labs and field activities)
and our affiliated Program Executive Office for Command,
Control, Computers, and Intelligence (PEO C4I); PEO
Space Systems (SS); PEO Enterprise Information
Systems (EIS); and joint PEO for the Joint Tactical
Radio System (JTRS). Team SPAWAR relies
heavily on our fellow C4ISR (Intelligence,
Letter from the Commander
SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMAND

THE ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
To Shape a Global Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Collaborative Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Future Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Spearheading Network Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
C4ISR Professionals Execute the Maritime Strategy. . . . . . . . 5
C4ISR Professionals Enable Decision Superiority. . . . . . . . . . 8
CONVERGE NETWORKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
IT Network Revolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
On Course to a Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Networks are a Combat System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CANES Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
MCEITS Initiative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Naval Networking Environment (NNE) of 2016. . . . . . . . . . 59
Network Transformation, Other Domains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Advancing Airborne Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Investments Improving Joint Communications . . . . . . . . 62
Vision: Enhanced Warfighter Capability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Success Story:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Submarine Networking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
End-to-End Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
DECOUPLE SERVICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Afloat Networks: Building on the Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
SOA: An Affordable Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
SOA as an IT Transformation Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Consolidation and Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Optimum Business and Warfighter Architecture. . . . . . . 69
Roles and Current Threats: TODAY’S CHALLENGES................................................................................... 1
OVERSEAS OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Marines Networking on the Move. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
New C4I Front-Line Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MRAP C4I Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ISR: Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Mobile C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (MAST). . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mobile Operations Control Center (MOCC) . . . . . . . . . . 18
Information Operations (IO) Provider. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Tactical Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Blue in Support of Green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Enhanced Manpack UHF Terminal (EMUT). . . . . . . . . . . 21
Commercial Broadband Satellite Program (CBSP). . . . . . 22
Communications at Speed and Depth (CSD) . . . . . . . . . . 23
Common Submarine Radio Room (CSRR). . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SubNet Relay (SNR) and High-Frequency
Internet Protocol (HFIP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Coalition Partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MDA and Defense in Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CENTRIXS-M Builds Partnerships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Fleet Operations – Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Ultimate High Ground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Space-Enabled Net-Centric Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
SUPPORTING FLEET OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NCTAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NCTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
SOCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NOCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
ONE-NET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NCDOC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
MCNOSC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NETWARCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Team SPAWAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
MARCORSYSCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Headquarters Staffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
US Cyber Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Fleet Cyber Command/10TH
Fleet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Functions and Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Computer Network Defense (CND). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
NAVCIRT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
NETOPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Tactical Switching (TSw) Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
NMCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Wireless and Mobile Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Shipboard Grooming: Predeployment Inspection
and Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
IT Readiness Review (ITRR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Fleet Technical Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Navy “Business” – Corporate Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Navy Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
“Back Office” Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Lifecycle Management and Logistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System (NSIPS). . . 45
Medical Readiness Reporting System (MRRS) . . . . . . . . . 45
Sailor Choice: Sea Warrior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Official Navy Data Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Largest Quality of Life Help Desk in the Navy. . . . . . . . . . 45
RANGE OF WARFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Navy Air and Missile Defense Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS) . . . . . 48
ROW Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
C2 Battle Management Communications (C2BMC). . . . . . 49
CURRENT CAPABILITY: TODAY’S NAVY AND MARINE CORPS............................................................................ 9
FUTURE CAPABILITY: NEXT NAVY AND MARINE CORPS..................................................................................51
Benefits of SOA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Other Investment Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
HME/Combat Systems Network Development. . . . . . . . . 73
Success Story: Empowering the Fleet: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) CSG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
ENHANCE CURRENT CAPABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Naval “Firsts” in Modernizing Communications. . . . . . . . . . 75
Operational Flexibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Information Transport C4I Portfolio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
National Security Space Enterprise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
JTRS Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Linking Warriors to the GIG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
CENTRIXS-M Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Success Story: Multiplying Bandwidth on Ships: . . . . . . . . . 81
ADNS Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Streamlining via DMR Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CBSP and NMT Program Enhancements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Investments in IPv6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
OPERATIONALIZE C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Investments in Naval Expeditionary C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
The Sea as Maneuver Space: Seabasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Strategic Collaborative Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Maritime Operations Center (MOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
“Plug-and-Fight” C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Trident Warrior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
MOC Enhancements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Deployable Joint C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
ISR and C2 Program Portfolio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Transitioning C2 and ISR to SOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Persistent Surveillance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Success Story: NCW Exemplified: Task Force 50. . . . . . . . . . 99
FUTURE CAPABILITY: NEXT NAVY AND MARINE CORPS (continued)
Protecting Cyberspace is Vital to National Security. . . . . . 103
Cyber Force Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
USCYBERCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
FLTCYBERCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
NETWARCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
OPNAV N2/6 Directorate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Defining the Battlespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Technological Challenges and Opportunities. . . . . . . . . 106
The Cyber Workforce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
OPNAV and Acquisition Community Alignment. . . . . . 109
NGEN System Program Office (SPO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Network Governance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
C4ISR Role in Cyber Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Information Operations (IO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Information Assurance (IA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Defense in Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
IA Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Electronic Key Management System (EKMS). . . . . . . . . 113
Cryptographic Products and Crypto Modernization. . . 113
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Computer Network Defense (CND). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Certification Accreditation (CA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Moving Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
CYBER WARFARE: RESHAPING A DYNAMIC BATTLESPACE...........................................................................101
Stand Up of Information Dominance Corps . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Resource Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Retention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Active Reserve Integration (ARI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
TOTAL WORKFORCE: OUR PEOPLE..................................................................................................................117
Appendix A: Major Contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Appendix C: Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Appendix D: Image Credits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Appendix E: Links. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
APPENDICES...................................................................................................................................................143
SUMMARY: THE VISION...................................................................................................................................141
Future Science and Technology Investments. . . . . . . . . . . . 125
AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE VISION
Orange vs. Purple: Aboard The USS Harry S. Truman
(CVN 75), Year 2029. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Inside the Combined Operations Center (COC). . . . . . . . . 128
Benefits of New Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Cyber Watch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Evolution of Navy C4ISR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Automated Workflow Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Implications for Cyber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Bird’s Eye View: USDC “Teleporting”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Integration of Unmanned Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Enhanced Situation Awareness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Force Protection Watch Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Smaller, Smarter Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Objective in Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
OPC: Commander’s Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Modeling and Simulation (MS) Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Seamless Information Exchange Realized. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Humanitarian Mission Accomplished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Data Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Semantic Web: Effective Info Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
UCore: Enhancing Naval Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Future Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY: NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AFTER NEXT.............................................................123
TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE ENVIRONMENT
TODAY’S
CHALLENGES
To Shape a Global Network
N
etworking capability is essential to executing an effective US Navy and Marine Corps strategy for the
21st century. Networks expand the effectiveness of US forces through more effective information
sharing, multiplying the power of limited numbers of units and small forces. As the nation’s top-
level strategies evolve, the Navy and Marine Corps are networking more with joint, allied, coalition forces,
nongovernmental organizations, and Other Government Agencies (OGA) to defend the maritime global
commons and cooperate in multinational sea-air power projection. Shaping a collaborative, shared workspace
and increasing US capability with these partners is a core 21st-century strategic challenge.
Naval networks will operate both within the overall US exclusive military/government domain and into the
public realm, leveraging commercial networks and information assets. This emerging operating concept
has placed additional burdens on naval networks regarding procedures, protocols, security, language, and
equipment. Global maritime security depends on global information sharing. The future Navy must do more
with a smaller number of ships that must see beyond their own horizons to remain effective throughout a
vast maritime domain; networking makes that possible.
RolesANDCurrentThreats
“The basic premise of our maritime strategy is that the
United States is a force for good in the world–that while
we are capable of launching a clenched fist when we
must–offering the hand of friendship is also an essential,
prominent tool in our kit.”
– General James T. Conway
Commandant of the Marine Corps


3 Roles and Current Threats 4
Collaborative Decision Making
Operations in the maritime domain demand Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4)
capabilities both globally and regionally coupled with Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
(ISR) assets. For enhanced maritime capability, services must exploit new military technologies and
capabilities among regional allies. At a minimum, US forces and allies must share common C2, with regular
participation of coalition officers trained to work on combined staffs. When these prerequisites are met,
the integration of compatible C4ISR systems for warfighter decision-makers becomes a coalition force
multiplier, enabling effective integration of US capabilities with allies—a true collaborative environment
for military operations.
Future Trends
The Sea Services are growing more dependent upon “Network-Centric Warfare” (NCW), a doctrine of war
pioneered by the Department of Defense (DoD) that seeks to translate an information advantage, enabled
in part by IT, into a competitive warfighting advantage through the robust networking of well-informed
geographically dispersed forces. NCW is appealing for several reasons: (1) fewer US and allied naval forces
in theater cause increased reliance on dispersed, interactive operations; (2) advanced communication
and data transmission systems enhance tactical advantages of those dispersed forces (e.g., Cooperative
Engagement Capability [CEC]); and (3) wider, accelerated use of offboard/remote sensors that use networking
for information dissemination and control (e.g., satellites and unmanned aerial, surface, and undersea
vehicles—including armed unmanned platforms). These NCW trends continue to accelerate with demands
on naval networks for more effective use of bandwidth to accommodate new requirements. Communication
and network capabilities and techniques, including time-sharing, burst communications, data routing, and
assignment of priorities are vital to warfare success in such an environment.
Spearheading Transformation
C4ISR professionals are playing a major role in transitioning the Navy and Marine Corps into the evolving
world of 21st-century IT, and are positioned at the nexus of two ongoing revolutions in warfare. The
first is the increasing centralization of information networks for sharing precise, accurate, and timely
tactical information among all levels of forces—leading to decentralized, or what the Marine Corps
calls enhanced company operations. The second revolution is the exponential increase in commercial
availability of information-handling and computing power that underlies today’s proliferation of networks
and their interconnection.
Increased use of data transmission and communications by naval forces will also provide potential
adversaries with greater access to the means and techniques for interfering with advanced networks.
This became evident when Iraqi forces attempted to obstruct Global Positioning System (GPS) weapon
guidance during the 2003 conflict and recent foreign cyber attacks on Congressional, DoD, and other
government agency networks. Adversaries possess an agility advantage in developing cyber-attack
capabilities, because of the nature of a large, complex, hierarchal institution such as the US armed forces,
readily available cyber-attack techniques (often disseminated on the Internet), and the near-ubiquity of
commercial hardware and software. These security considerations have profound implications for the
naval IT community.
As these advanced information networks evolve, the role of common protocols and communication
technologies in melding forces grows in strategic significance. Surface, submarine, air platforms, shore
facilities, and land combatants all have their own core competencies and capabilities which, when
exercised to their full potential, are essential to the success of any naval strategy. Fundamentally, however,
these platforms are nodes in a network that need to be deployed and interconnected. A flexible, open
architecture–one that separates data, applications, and hardware–will make possible the seamless
interoperability of all cooperating forces and facilitate the “plug-and-fight” integration of new arrivals,
regardless of the internal details of their hardware or software applications. Simultaneously, the cyber
defense of networks, connectivity, and decision-making systems must become an essential element of our
IT infrastructure, even as our own ability to attack adversarial networks creates new opportunities.
US national security, homeland security, and military strategies envision a 21st-century maritime and
littoral battlespace dominated by strongly networked sea-air-land forces comprising US, allied, coalition,
and nongovernmental assets. As the key provider of the pervasive C4ISR network needed to make this
vision a reality, the Department of the Navy (DoN) C4ISR team—which includes headquarters staffs,
systems and type command personnel, and other specialists, remains an important enabler for creating
and maintaining these critical maritime force networks of the future.


C4ISR Professionals Execute the Maritime Strategy
Comprising the world’s oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, littorals, and the airspace above them, the maritime
domain connects nations and supports more than 90% of the world’s trade. Recognizing the vital strategic
and economic importance of maintaining stability within the vast global maritime commons, the Navy,
Marine Corps, and Coast Guard created a unified maritime strategy, A Cooperative Strategy for 21st
Century Seapower. The Maritime Strategy integrates joint seapower with other elements of national
power, as well as those of our friends and allies, to protect the maritime domain anywhere in the world
today, and well into the future.
These integrated, joint “netted forces” will increasingly depend on their ability to securely share reliable
information in a net-centric environment, since the foundation of maritime security rests upon Battlespace
Awareness (BA): knowing what is moving above, on, and beneath the oceans. Commanders must be able to
understand the dispositions and intentions of others operating in their area, as well as the characteristics
and conditions of the operational environment itself. By delivering FORCEnet, the architecture that
aligns and integrates naval warfare systems, functions, and missions, Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM,
FLTCYBERCOM, OPNAV staff, and USMC C4 Information Operations (IO) and Information Technology
(IT) communities provide the joint capabilities of Net-Centric Operations (NCO), BA, and Command
and Control (C2). Together, these joint capabilities provide the networked sensors, systems, and trained
operators that acquire and distribute information. Those sensors, systems, and operators enable a
commander’s awareness and empower decision making to accomplish the six key strategic imperatives of
the Maritime Strategy:
Imperative: Limit regional conflict with forward-deployed, decisive maritime power.• Exploitation
of cyberspace will enable the Navy and Marine Corps to optimize their forward presence, maintain
maritime domain awareness, and connectivity over a broader geographic area, offering economy of
force, while supporting critical missions. Networked naval forces will be able to aggregate for potential
major conflict or disaggregate for maritime security operations globally. Where and when applicable,
forward-deployed maritime forces will use C4ISR systems to isolate, capture, or destroy terrorists, their
infrastructure, resources, and sanctuaries, often in conjunction with coalition partners.
Imperative: Deter major power war.• Preventing wars is as important as winning them. The
expeditionary character of maritime forces–our lethality, global reach, speed, endurance, and ability
to overcome barriers to access–provide the joint commander with a range of deterrent options. Our
advantage in space-based assets–upon which much of our ability to operate in a networked, dispersed
fashion depends–must be protected and extended. Cyberspace offensive and defensive capabilities also
provide joint commanders with new nonkinetic deterrence options. Current C4ISR investments in Range
of Warfare (ROW) also support this imperative. The commander armed with the power of effectively
networked information maintains a distinct tactical edge over his adversary to assess situations, rapidly
determine threats, and act decisively to carry the day.


Imperative: Win our nation’s wars.• The ability to operate freely at sea is one of the most important
enablers of joint and interagency operations. Sea control must expand to include “sea-based cyber
control,” to protect national interests and to project power across the cyber lines of communication,
including undersea cables, the maritime electromagnetic spectrum, and low-earth orbiting satellites.
Sea-based cyber control must also support distributed maritime operations, monitored in globally
netted, cyber-empowered Maritime Operations Centers (MOC), tracking every ship with the same
persistence and fidelity as aircraft are tracked today.
Imperative: Contribute to homeland defense in depth.• The layered, in-depth defense provided by
our maritime forces are defending the homeland by identifying and eliminating threats as far from
American shores as possible. Our efforts to enhance Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) and improve
C4I interoperability contribute to the safety, security, and economy of our nation and its partners. In
regional wireless environments, or against physically closed, stand-alone networks, the Navy brings a
unique capability to gain access to otherwise closed and inaccessible networks within the last tactical
mile. The Navy must leverage its forward presence to project cyber power and put information on target
with the same skill and precision that it has long projected kinetic power.
Imperative: Foster and sustain cooperative relationships with more international partners.•
Cooperative relationships contribute to the security and stability of the maritime domain for the benefit
of all. The pervasive presence of global networks provides an opportunity for maritime forces to share
information among allied maritime nations across geographic boundaries and build relationships
through humanitarian assistance to mitigate threats short of war, including piracy, terrorism, weapons
proliferation, drug trafficking, and other illicit activities.
Imperative: Prevent or contain local disruptions before they impact the global system.• The
expeditionary character of maritime forces uniquely positions them to provide assistance. Our ability to
conduct rapid, sustained noncombatant evacuation and humanitarian assistance operations is critical.
The power of networks and information sharing enhances understanding of where needs are greatest
following a disaster, speeds the delivery of services to the affected areas, and provides improved methods
to monitor recovery actions.
C4ISR Professionals Enable Decision Superiority
Tailored to ensure decision superiority in a world of increasing complexity, naval C4ISR professionals
are strongly poised to evolve naval cyber forces into a 21st-century world that requires new capabilities,
capacities, and competencies to protect US and allied interests in a cyber-centric world. The Navy and
Marine Corps–increasingly working closely with the Coast Guard–will be required to accomplish an ever-
increasing range of missions dependent upon secure, collaborative networking across military, civilian,
domestic, and international boundaries. C4ISR professionals will play major roles in these missions
by providing commanders with the enhanced C2, NCO, and BA capabilities to make better, timelier
decisions to ensure effective execution. Operating at the nexus of seapower and cyberpower, today’s C4ISR
professionals–whether deployed or providing support from ashore–are taking naval forces into the 21st
century as informed ambassadors and effective warriors, serving our nation’s interests, and facilitating free
global interaction from the sea.


CurrentCapability
T
he current capability of the US naval forces is unmatched in the global naval hierarchy. The
Navy and Marine Corps exercise this capability daily—fulfilling heavy operational demands and
completing long deployments. Warfighters, acquisition professionals, engineers, analysts, managers,
and logisticians from Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, FLTCYBERCOM, OPNAV staff, and USMC
C4 Information Operations (IO) and Information Technology (IT) communities provide the strategy,
technical leadership, and skills that enable these operations. Engaged in the battle today, these C4ISR/
IO/IT professionals are actively provisioning sensor inputs to commanders in the field; operating unique
equipment with deployed forces; and creating, operating, and defending our global electronic presence.
In the paragraphs that follow, you will see examples of how these professionals are participating in every
aspect of Navy and Marine Corps missions today. Funding not only supports acquiring new capabilities
and bringing technology to new programs, but also represents a substantial investment in
actually operating the force. Answering Secretary of Defense Robert Gates call, these
professionals play a huge role in our current warfighting efforts.
Today’s Navy
and Marine Corps
“Until recently, there has not been an institutional
home in the Defense Department for today’s
warfighter. Our contemporary wartime needs must
receive steady long-term funding. I intend to use the
fiscal 2010 budget to directly support, protect, and
care for the man or woman at the front.”
– Mr. Robert M. Gates
Secretary of Defense


11 CURRENT CAPABILITy 12
C4ISR professionals are participating in all aspects of current operations. They are supplying tools to
mobile forces, providing connectivity and reach-back, delivering sensors, and inserting special teams to
meet specific operational needs.
Marines Networking on the Move
Forward-deployed mobile warriors are using C4I tools to conduct effective, targeted major combat operations
in Iraq and Afghanistan. These tools continue to play major roles in achieving success on the battlefield. A
case in point is once-uncontrollable Ramadi, formerly one of the most dangerous Al Qaeda strongholds in
the Iraq provincial capital of Al Anbar Province and southwest point of the “Sunni Triangle.” Battle-tested
C4I has evolved as a force multiplier in maintaining stability in Ramadi and continues to evolve today in
Afghanistan. Successful counterinsurgency efforts by Marines and Soldiers have involved pacifying areas in
enemy territory through small forward-deployed garrisons with interlocking communications fortified by
sensor-driven intelligence. Short-range patrols from garrisons gather information and engage the enemy;
such patrols mean less time on roads, which avoid road- and vehicle-borne Improvised Explosive Devices
(IEDS) that inflict casualties and damage, with the potential for greatly restricting movement. Joint and
local national forces have built networks of indigenous people familiar with the terrain and regional culture,
allowing more direct contact between the military force leader and the local leadership.
These relationships would not be possible without the extension of C4I network connectivity down to
company level and below. Today’s Marine platoons utilize streaming full-motion video of Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) feeds and voice over IP telephony (VoIP) often down to platoon level,
a capability available today that was only accessible at the division level in the early days of Operation Iraqi
Freedom (OIF) in 2003. Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) is using new applications
such as biometrics–automated methods of recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioral
characteristics–that have moved directly to the warfighter, resulting in denying insurgents anonymity and
ability to communicate as “signalers,” leaders who command armed fighters with hand and arm gestures.
Improved connectivity has placed greater demand for more bandwidth, particularly for Beyond Line of
Sight (BLOS) links. Marine Corps C4 efforts are currently expanding bandwidth capacity for Marines on the
edge of the battlefield via increased civilian C4I personnel support, training, and deployment of commercial
satellite communications terminals for orbital links. According to USMC Major General (sel) George J. Allen,
Director of Marine Corps C4, “Marine C4I requires a robust, rapidly fielded highly mobile IP networking
capability adapted to the swift force movement characteristic of modern combat.”
New C4I Front-Line Technologies
As the tempo of front-line operations increases, MARCORSYSCOM is rapidly fielding advanced technology
to meet warfighter demands, improve capability, and achieve results. The 155-millimeter infrared (IR)
illuminating projectile, when launched, casts IR illumination over the battlefield that exposes enemy
forces to US forces using night-vision equipment, improving battlespace awareness for more effective
engagement. Another valuable tool for Marines is the Improved Thermal Sight System for light armored
vehicle (LAVs). “This second-generation thermal site provides clearer images, increased detection range
and sensitivity, and boosts target effectiveness,” states Brigadier General Michael Brogan, Commander of
MARCORSYSCOM. Further, these technologies are enabling reconnaissance battalions to improve tactical
understanding of operational zones through geolocation photography. Photos taken on the battlefield are
automatically tagged and loaded with GPS-embedded coordinates and then logged into digital tactical maps.
This powerful capability gives commanders the ability to “point and click” operational data such as photos,
text, video, and audio reports that link back to a specific area on the map for analysis and planning. Newly
added fine-tuning capabilities, such as a laser range finder, digital compass, and azimuth feature indicate
relative range of objects further away from the camera for improved strike capability. C4I investments are
improving operational capabilities for today’s conflicts.
Overseas Operations


MRAP C4I Integration
SPAWAR Systems Center Atlantic (SSC LANT) is leading the charge protecting warfighters through state-
of-the-art C4ISR technology integration into multiplatform Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP)
vehicles. Improved battlefield intelligence generated and shared directly by the troops in the field are helping
MRAP crews increase understanding of the “who, what, and when” of threats.
Responding to the Chief of Naval Operations’ (CNO) call to bring “game-changing ideas” to the Fleet, the
MRAP C4I Integration Team, in partnership with project lead MARCORSYSCOM, speedily ramped up
C4ISR suite integration into more than 60 MRAP vehicles per day. The electronics suites provide enhanced
intelligence and communications capabilities in a heavy electronics countermeasures environment.
MRAPs support counterinsurgency operations, multimission operations (convoy lead, troop transport,
and ambulance), mine and IED clearance operations, and explosive ordnance disposal. The Marine Corps
Warfighting Lab and the Joint IED Defeat Organization continue to develop and field technologies that either
prevent IEDs from detonating (jammers) or cause them to detonate well in front of the vehicle (mine roller).
In addition to the modified vehicles’ V-shaped hulls that deflect blasts and shrapnel to provide protection
that is more effective for service members inside, C4I suites that include radios, electronic warfare devices
such as advanced IED jamming capability, sensors, intravehicle C2 systems, and other classified equipment
are saving the lives of Marines, Soldiers, and Sailors everyday in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The goal is to continue protecting warfighters from deadly IED threats, which are still the number-
one hazard and projected danger to ground forces for years to come. This critical, DoD-designated
number-one Program of Record (POR) became the largest and fastest military acquisition buildup
since WW II. Less than 18 months after the project launched in February 2007, more than 10,000
fully outfitted vehicles have been delivered in theater thanks to a coordinated Continuous
Process Improvement (CPI)/Lean Six Sigma (LSS) effort—a disciplined process
improvement methodology that utilizes resources efficiently, saves costs, and
increases readiness. According to BGen Brogan, “The many successes of
the joint MRAP vehicle program are the result of an overwhelming
team effort by many players.” Secretary of Defense Robert Gates
stated, “This is a significant achievement. The program has
gone from zero to 10,000 in just about a year and a
half. These vehicles have proven themselves on
the battlefield and are saving lives.”


ISR: Sensors
While C2 applications, communications devices, and computers used by front-line warfighters garner
much attention, those systems would be useless without sensor input. Everyone from Marines in the field
to Combatant Commanders (COCOMs) with global responsibilities count on delivery of timely sensor
information. The largest expansion in this field has been in the equipping and utilization of Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles (UAVs), important ISR assets for naval and joint forces. Cameras on the aircraft help commanders on
the ground see and map out a wide area of operations with their “persistent surveillance” capability. Capable
of flying in poor weather coupled with continued insertion of new technologies, and proven in real-world
operations, the UAVs are rapidly evolving into powerfully networked game-changing ISR platforms. The
C4ISR professionals outfitting and operating these systems are making a difference on today’s battlefields.
ScanEagle•
ScanEagle is a small tactical UAV sensor equipped with sensors for day and night detection of stationary
or moving targets. Widely deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, the UAV is capable of launching from
ships and is equipped with a repeater for the Automatic Identification System (AIS) that transmits
information on identity, course, speed, and other data on large ships back to the launching ship.
ScanEagle played a key ISR role in the April 12, 2009 rescue of Captain Richard Phillips of the Maersk
Alabama who was captured by four Somali pirates and held in a 28-foot lifeboat. ScanEagle, catapulted
off the USS Bainbridge (DDG 96), detected the lifeboat in the Indian Ocean and tracked its activities,
sending electro-optical (EO) and IR still and video feeds
to the Bainbridge. ScanEagle provided the Navy with
critical data and improved its situational awareness
during the tense standoff, which culminated in
Navy Sea Air and Land (SEAL) sharpshooters
ending the incident April 12, killing
three pirates, taking a fourth into
Navy custody, and whisking
Captain Phillips safely aboard
the Bainbridge.
Raven B•
The Raven is a 4.2-pound, backpack-able, quiet, hand-launched sensor platform that provides day and
night, real-time video imagery for “over the hill” and “around the corner” ISR and target acquisition.
Raven Bs are giving Marines a longer, more detailed look for route planning in obstructed terrain like a
city block in Iraq or Afghanistan’s hills and mountains. Human factors engineering made it is so simple
to operate that one of the best pilots in the Iraqi theater was a cook.
Shadow•
The Shadow is an unarmed tactical reconnaissance UAV currently in active service with the Army and
Marine Corps in Iraq and Afghanistan.
GBOSS•
MARCORSYSCOM is fielding the Ground Based Operational Surveillance System (GBOSS) multiple
camera continuous surveillance system. The GBOSS allows the user to identify a civilian, terrorist,
insurgent, or criminal and the type of weapon carried. Enemy snipers have fewer opportunities to sneak
up on Marines or plant roadside bombs. Patrols are more effective in surveillance, gathering intelligence,
and can patrol less, thus saving lives. Footage of insurgents’ actions can be used immediately or later,
allowing Marines to not only identify threats, but also plan tactics for offensives. ‘‘It is really easy to
use,” said Sgt. Joshua Carter, instructor at the Field Artillery Meteorological Crewmembers Course at
Fort Sill, OK. Carter learned how to use GBOSS in just a few hours. ‘‘It is definitely a way to identify
someone wicked fast and kill the bad guy before he kills us. They will never know when or where we
are watching.”
Undersea Sensors•
Mapping the sea floor and its associated environs requires sensors that move in another medium. Many
undersea sensor systems exist, and the bulk of the discussion about coverage or capability quickly moves
beyond classification levels appropriate for this publication. C4ISR professionals continue to support
sensor operations today. SSC PAC is exploring and supporting a number of undersea applications
for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) and undersea glider technology. The Ocean Bottom
Characterization Initiative (OBCI) is characterizing the seafloor (acoustic bottom loss, scattering
strength, and bottom layers) using passive acoustic sensors deployed on Autonomous Underwater
Gliding Vehicles (AUGVs). This effort will transfer into the Littoral Battle Space Sensor Fusion and
Integration (LBSFI) Program as part of Program Objective Memorandum (POM) 12.


Mobile C2
Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (MAST)
MAST is a key C4I enabler currently employed by Riverine forces in Iraq, the Maritime Expeditionary
Security Force (MESF) in Kuwait, and Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) forces in Afghanistan. MAST
is a self-sufficient scalable C4I system of systems that includes global and tactical communications,
classified and unclassified networks, C2, and other computer assets. Riverine detachments patrol inland
waterways and protect dams vital to Iraq’s economy. MESF MAST supports harbor security in the US
Central Command (CENTCOM) Area of Responsibility (AOR) and oil terminal security—critical for
worldwide petroleum shipments. In Afghanistan, EOD employs their MAST to coordinate operations
throughout the country, with Navy EOD forces supporting
all services in the defeat of IEDs and other explosives.
Mobile Operations Control Center (MOCC)
C4ISR onboard imaging and electronic system technologies
aboard Navy P-3 Orion surveillance aircraft play major roles
locating and hunting down enemy fighters in remote Afghan
mountain locations. Flying missions over more than 650,000 square
miles of Afghan terrain, the P-3s are supported by critical sea-to-air-
to-ground communications in far-flung operations by a small group of
ground-based allies: the MOCCs. These currently deployed expeditionary
communications providers support Overseas Contingency Operations
throughout the Middle East, Republic of the Philippines, and the Horn of
Africa. Comprising small, specialized, and self-sufficient detachments (six to
twelve Sailors) available on short notice, MOCCs quickly transmit ISR data from
the P-3s (e.g., bomb damage assessments and locations of enemy troops to military
commanders for timely action from nearby ground troops. MOCCs deployed in
Afghanistan are making vital contributions to tactical mission planning; intelligence collection; and
mission brief preparation supporting naval and joint commanders.
MOCCs are one of three fielded programs supported by the Tactical/Mobile (TacMobile) POR. Two
other systems are Tactical Support Centers (TSC), which also provide operational ground support
for Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Aircraft, and the JMAST that provide C4I support to naval
Component Commanders ashore.


Information Operations (IO) Provider
Sensors coupled with operators in an operational theater create a shared network to exploit for operational
success.TheincreaseduseofnetworkedcomputersandsupportingITinfrastructuresystemsbymilitary
and civilian organizations creates new vulnerabilities and opportunities for US forces—a field
of military operations focused on attacking/defending information systems, their outputs,
and their users: IO. Team SPAWAR and fellow C4ISR professionals are strengthening IO
capabilities in three different areas: 1) Cyberspace to enable warfighters to achieve decision
superiority; 2) Computer Network Operations (CNO) and Computer Network Defense
(CND) to protect Navy networks and operating establishments; 3) Development of
strong ties to Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), antisubmarine warfare (ASW), and
irregular warfare programs to meet adversaries with asymmetric capabilities,
including electronic warfare and CNO.
IO is not conducted solely from air-conditioned computer operations centers.
Currently, NETWARCOM maintains a boots-on-ground forward IO
presence today through deployment of hundreds of Individual
Augmentee (IA) personnel to Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations
performing CNO, signals intelligence (SIGINT), and cryptology.
Information Warfare Officers (IWO), IT Technicians, and Cryptologic
Technicians (CT) are in the field working closely with joint and multinational
forces in a wide variety of special missions:
Tactical Cryptologic Support (TCS) Teams•
TCS personnel fully integrate with Naval Special Warfare (NSW) teams,
providing SIGINT support for force protection, indications, warning of enemy
activity, and direct action/special reconnaissance missions. These Sailors are on the
ground, taking the fight to the enemy. The unique skills and capabilities they bring to the fight are
critically important to operational success—their impact is significant and often immediate. Collected
intelligence is quickly routed by analysts to target databases for immediate team access. Everyone
knows it when an insurgent is taken off the streets, and further exploitation yields even more data
to all involved in the hunt.
Joint Expeditionary SIGINT Terminal Response Unit (JESTR)•
NETWARCOM Sailors embedded with Army units are working the streets side-by-side with Soldiers
identifying, locating, and engaging insurgents. Like their counterparts in the TCS teams, they play
an integral role in operations.
Combined Explosives Exploitation Cell (CEXC)•
CEXCs comprise military, scientific, and law enforcement teams that perform IED forensics and
gather intelligence, often under severe time-constraints, to stay ahead of technological advances
employed by insurgent bomb makers. The Navy is fielding teams focused on improving long-term
capabilities to understand, evaluate, and defeat asymmetric kinetic attacks—physical surprise attacks
by a weak adversary upon a stronger enemy’s perceived weakness. Investments in effectively employing
specialized personnel with the knowledge, skills, experience, and materiel to neutralize and defeat
such attacks are necessary to defend US and allied interests.
Highly trained CEXCs such as Canadian Navy diver Lt. Cdr. Roland Leyte, work in the battle-scared
terrain of southern Afghanistan gathering bomb-scene data for incorporation into the massive
database at Bagram Air Base north of Kabul for further study. According to Leyte, “In Afghanistan,
because it’s a war zone, we only get 30 to 90 minutes to get all our forensics and get on the helicopter
again.” Leyte’s evidence is helping locate and root out Al Qaeda or Taliban insurgent networks, saving
lives and preventing future attacks. Perhaps a CEXC collecting
fingerprint or DNA information today will prevent a NATO
coalition base from future infiltration by a terrorist posing
as a local worker.
These joint, allied, and coalition forces, play critical roles
in today’s operational successes.


Tactical Communications
To support forces in the field and afloat, the Navy has fielded numerous systems and capabilities to enhance
communications, data reach-back, and mobile C2 capabilities. Existing on amphibious ships, aviation
platforms and aircraft, and submarines and ashore, the support provided by C4ISR professionals at work
today facilitates and enhances the operational capabilities of our entire force.
Blue in Support of Green
The Navy supports the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) commander “Blue In Support of Green”
(BISOG) by providing two channels of High Frequency Shipboard Automatic Link Establishment (ALE)
Radio (HFSAR) capability on amphibious ships that provide continuous Line of Sight (LOS) and BLOS
communication links for both voice and data to Marines ashore in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Enhanced Manpack UHF Terminal (EMUT)
The EMUT antenna, also known as the Conical Logarithmic Spiral Mobile (CLSM), is an omnidirectional
antenna designed to provide over-the-horizon tactical satellite voice and data communications in the Ultra
High Frequency (UHF) frequency band. It is currently being used in today’s operations, Humanitarian Civil
Assistance (HCA), and the war on piracy. EMUT provides a capability independent of shipboard radio,
antenna, and crypto availability, and is used by Marine Reconnaissance and Humanitarian Missions to
relay target imagery and other valuable data back to the Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) commander.
By permanently installing EMUT antennas vice temporary installations on/off amphibious platforms,
the Navy/Marine Corps team will save approximately $1M a year. Permanent installations have begun
with the first install on USS Nassau (LHA 4) and 10 more in fiscal year 2009.
Commercial Broadband Satellite Program (CBSP)
Since last fall, warfighters onboard the mine countermeasure ship USS Champion (MCM 4), and
patrol craft USS Hurricane (PC 3), have begun to operate with improved communications capability
and performance, thanks to new technology executed by Program Executive Office for Command,
Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (PEO C4I) under CBSP, the next-generation
Navy Commercial Satellite Communications (COMSATCOM) Program. As the Navy adopts more
computer-based applications, communications, and networking, CBSP brings the once bandwidth-
deprived Patrol Coastal community into the information age. According to LT Kathryn Devine, CO,
USS Chinook (PC 9), CBSP capability allows smooth communications in near real-time between ship
and the maintenance team on shore. “Enhanced connectivity on classified network and CENTRIXS [i.e.,
Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange System Maritime (CENTRIXS-M)] has provided
some additional key communication paths to our operational commander via chat servers.”
CBSP allows Sailors and Marines to take required online courses, check email, connect with their
families, surf the web, and access personnel files at about the same speed as a home broadband
connection. Operational information on SIPRnet is now available to even our smallest platforms. For
LCDR John Callaway, CO of the minesweeper Champion, “It’s the first time I have been able to surf
the SIPRnet while at sea.”


Communications at Speed and Depth (CSD)
Team SPAWAR’s multifaceted contribution to winning our nation’s wars is impressive and wide-ranging,
extending into the realm of undersea communications. Current spending on the CSD Program,
directed by PEO C4I Submarine Integration, is essential to the Navy’s undersea communications
network. Operational tests performed with the USS Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group
(CSG) successfully confirmed two-way connectivity that allows full submarine integration
into strike group operations and permits Navy networks to share
situational awareness, conduct collaborative planning, and execute
joint force missions. The CSD Program provides communications
for all nuclear-attack (SSN) and nuclear-powered guided-missile
(SSGN) Ohio-class submarines, as well as limited capability to
Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines (SSBN).
USS Georgia (SSGN 429), deployed in spring 2009, is the fourth
and newest boat of the newly configured SSGN class to join the
fight. A critical component of Navy core capabilities of power
projection and deterrence, the SSGNs can carry up to 154
Tomahawk cruise missiles for precision strikes. Rotating crews
provide extended presence in theater. Additionally, as many
as 66 Special Operations Forces (SOF) such as Navy SEALs
can be delivered, as the boat quietly and covertly operates in
undisclosed areas of the world, providing theater commanders
with a highly capable strike asset and a stealthy launching
platform for irregular warfare operations.
Common Submarine Radio Room (CSRR)
As one of the first stealth platforms, submarines are very aware of the impact of intercepted electronic
emissions. OPNAV investments in Team SPAWAR’s C4ISR technology have made it possible for a vessel
to transfer to radio silence with the click of a mouse, thanks to the Common Submarine Radio Room
(CSRR), a network-based communications architecture that supplies high-bandwidth, interoperable
communications common across all submarine classes and between onboard subsystems, external
platforms, and land-based communications facilities. The CSRR modification onboard SSGNs consists
of a second Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Follow-On Terminal (FOT) and submarine High Data Rate
(HDR) antenna that provides additional high-bandwidth communications that support SOF mission
planning as well as their associated control systems. Additionally, an incorporated second Digital
Modular Radio (DMR) supports strike and SOF missions. The CSRR structure provided by these C4ISR
professionals allows efficient integration of capabilities on an ongoing basis.
SubNet Relay (SNR) and High-Frequency Internet Protocol (HFIP)
Sharing computer-based information has often required special equipment. C4ISR professionals have
designedsystemswherethatisnolongerthecasetherebyallowingunitswithoutthemostrecentequipment
to join the information age. SNR and HFIP transport IP data traffic using existing communications
architecture and legacy shipboard radio and cryptographic equipment. The system has been employed
by the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) CSG, embarked weather airborne early
warning aircraft squadron (VAW) 124, Harry S. Truman CSG employingship-to-ship
connections, and USS Montpelier (SSN 765) using submarine- to-ship connections.


Coalition Partners
Today, our forces do not operate alone. Fostering and sustaining
cooperative relationships with international partners is a key
component of our Maritime Strategy. Operational interaction in
any theater now involves many nations—the ability to interact
with coalition forces from both traditional (NATO, Allies) and
nontraditional (USSR and Indian forces engaged in antipiracy)
national partners is critical to operational success. Additionally, naval
forces are engaged in building partnerships around the world.
Africa Partnership Station (APS) collaboratively provides regional maritime•
services in order to achieve common international goals, primarily stability and
security, to combat terrorism and piracy.
US Naval Forces Southern Command’s (NAVSO) Southern Partnership Station•
(SPS) provides a variety of training to strengthen leadership, security, search
and rescue planning, combat patrol, and urban raid tactics in the Southern
Hemisphere.
Pacific Partnership (PP), born out of the US response to the December 2004•
tsunamiinSoutheastAsia,providesadedicatedhumanitarianandcivicassistance
mission each year since 2006 comprising medical, dental, and engineering civic
action programs.
Continuing Promise (CP), similar to PP, is a dedicated civic and humanitarian•
relief effort with partner nations and foreign military personnel deployed aboard
US Navy hospital ships and other platforms.
C4ISR professionals are providing equipment and capability through Foreign Military
Sales (FMS), section 1206 COCOM funding, and other current investment and sharing
venues designed to enhance operations with our coalition partners.


MDA and Defense in Depth
Working with allies, the layered, in-depth defense provided by our maritime forces helps recognize and
eliminate threats to the US as far from the American shoreline as possible. Team SPAWAR has been
integral to the rapid, successful deployment of Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), which crosses several
user communities and affects the work of not only the Navy, but also the Coast Guard, COCOMs, and
interagency task forces in their ongoing effort to keep maritime trade safe and prosperous. Information
exchange was demonstrated using some early pilots with Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) in an
initiative called the MDA Data Sharing Community of Interest, which contributed significantly to the
focus on enhanced vessel tracking, anomaly and threat detection, and getting information to the Sailors,
Marines, and Coast Guardsmen who are at the tip of the spear boarding vessels. These successful initial
tests established an MDA project office in PEO C4I that works directly with the Secretary of the Navy
(SECNAV) in expanding the effort across CENTCOM and US Pacific Command (PACOM) AOR, as well
as several interagency partners. Those capabilities are in place today and growing in the future—there
are both operational and acquisition activities that require continued support.
CENTRIXS-M Builds Partnerships
Currently fielded and operating in multiple theaters today, the CENTRIXS-M allows combined forces
to communicate through secure channels and share information in a tactical, real-time setting. US and
Malaysian forces successfully employed the system during a Cooperative Afloat Readiness and Training
(CARAT) exercise, where the two nations conducted ship-to-ship operational dialog in both text and
web-based formats. RADM William Burke, executive agent of CARAT remarked, “With CENTRIXS-M
installed in the exercise HQ onboard Royal Malaysian Navy ships, and throughout the US CARAT Task
Group, we have an opportunity to reach new heights in combined C2.” LCDR Chandra Sehgaran, Royal
Malaysian Navy, opined that “By using CENTRIXS-M, the communication process with the various
forces and CARAT HQ runs smoothly and confusion is eliminated.” Global interoperability, reliability,
and interconnectivity in an easy-to-use format are what make CENTRIXS-M so valuable in strengthening
maritime partnerships, improving collective capabilities, and information sharing.


Fleet Operations – Space
Most of the aforementioned material in this section has been local in nature: technology and expertise
provided to platforms or deployed to a specific area. To operate globally, the local systems fielded must tie
into our global Space Systems infrastructure. Space-Based Systems are so widely needed and used that they
have become utility-like in their acceptance. We have come to view our space-based capabilities as we do
electricity—throw the switch and it’s there. As with any utility, there is a large and complex infrastructure
needed to provide such ubiquitous service.
Ultimate High Ground
The warfighter depends upon narrowband communications that provide assured, flexible, on-the-move
C2, allowing for shared situational awareness, real-time intelligence, sensor-to-shooter capabilities, and
collaborative, offensive-oriented planning worldwide. These communications are realized through the
right mix of military and commercial satellite communications (SATCOM), providing interoperability
with all military, government, nongovernment, coalition, and allied forces. Navy Space Systems are an
important operational component that enhances the delivery of network-centric operations to the Fleet
and joint warfighter. Today’s Navy Space Systems comprise a critical C4ISR system network providing
essential support to all forces deployed in both Iraq and Afghanistan, the MDA effort, and HR operations
worldwide.
The Navy has responsibility for developing and deploying flexible, seamless narrowband communication
space systems that optimize naval, joint, allied, and coalition operations. Currently, the UHF Follow-
On (UFO) constellation (eight satellites) and commercially leased satellites supply narrowband
communications that provide on-orbit worldwide coverage to the warfighter. Seven satellites are
currently flying with 38-channel capability. The last satellite launched, UFO-11, is equipped with the
most sophisticated digital signal processor in the constellation. Recently reconfigured from 44 to 54
channels at no additional cost, UFO-11 has begun Digital Receiver Unit (DRU) operations that provide
today’s warfighters with 30% more communications capability, as naval forces continue their transition
to a more network-connected force.
PEO Space Systems implements DoD and Navy narrowband guidance, interacts with
various stakeholders, and provides worldwide coverage to the warfighter: at home,
in theater, and enroute to all AOR. Intersystem connectivity allows the network
to serve ships at sea and a variety of other fixed and mobile terminals.
Space-Enabled Net-Centric Operations
A combination of national, joint, and commercial space systems serves as critical links in the Navy kill
chain, providing commanders with access to a wealth of information that contributes to total BA and
improved C2 application within the operational environment. Current space systems are providing naval
forces–such as Joint Task Force Commanders–with the following capabilities:
Global Positioning:• Aids in navigation, targeting, and operational timing.
Reconnaissance:• Provides early warning capabilities, BA, targeting, and battle damage information.
Communications:• Enables UHF, Extremely High Frequency (EHF), Low Data Rate/Medium Data Rate
(LDR/MDR), Global Broadcast System (GBS), commercial wideband, TV Direct-to-Sailor (TV DTS),
Personal Communications/Mobile Satellite Services (PC-MSS), and International Marine/Maritime
Satellite (INMARSAT) communications.
Environmental:• Provides key information that enables theater battlespace characterization, weather
prediction, and navigational safety.
US Strategic Command, PEO Space Systems, SPAWAR Space Field Activity (SSFA), and the Naval Satellite
Operations Center (NAVSOC) continue to explore expansion of current capabilities available to support
the warfighter and evolve future narrowband capabilities via the “ultimate high ground.”


SUPPORTING FLEET Operations
Facilities
The Navy has a long history of operating and maintaining communications stations dating back to 1915, when
the first a high-powered long-distance radio station was built at Pearl Harbor. As with space systems, a large
and complex shore infrastructure, enhanced with Radio Frequency (RF) connectivity, provides ubiquitous
service that enables today’s global operations. Today’s IO environment ranges from operating enhanced
access controls to ensuring high-precedence communications remain uninterrupted and secure.
NCTAMS
There are two Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Stations (NCTAMS), which
serve as the communications hubs for the Navy’s shore interface to the shipboard environment. One is
NCTAMS Pacific (PAC) in Wahiawa, HI; and the other is NCTAMS Atlantic (LANT), in Norfolk, VA. Both
NCTAMS manage, operate, and maintain defense communication system and naval telecommunication
system assets to all naval Telecommunication System users, providing naval forces with critical C2 and
global situational awareness.
NCTS
The Naval Computer and Telecommunications Stations (NCTS) provide secure, reliable, and timely voice,
video, and data services to the Navy’s afloat platforms and shore commands. The NCTS platform has
similar capabilities to the NCTAMS, but on a smaller scale. Today, there are 10 NCTSs located across
the world that support regionally deployed forces with network and communications services. NCTS
sites with larger subset of the capabilities include NCTS San Diego, NCTS Jacksonville, and NCTS
Yokosuka. NCTS Bahrain and NCTS Naples offer more consolidated capability. NCTSs increase SA
and improve network management throughout the Navy’s shore infrastructure.
SOCs
NAVSOC operates satellite and remote ground facilities in Point Magu, CA; Prospect Harbor, ME;
Schriever AFB, CO; and Finegayan, GU to provide satellite capability when and where needed in direct
support of the warfighter. The Navy is responsible for operation of DoD UHF narrowband satellite systems,
the military’s “communication warhorse” upon which all US military forces and many of their allies rely.
UHF narrowband is the only radio frequency that can penetrate jungle foliage, inclement weather, and
urban terrain. The majority of military SATCOM users are warfighters supported via the UHF band on
small, portable configurations designed to be carried deep into theaters of operation.
NOCs
The Navy’s ships connect to Fleet Network Operating Centers (FNOC or NOC), an interface that
provides computer network and Internet services to the Navy/Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) and the
Outside Contiguous United States (OCONUS) Naval Enterprise Network (ONE-NET) through a point
of presence connection to the DoD’s Defense Information Services Network (DISN), the worldwide
enterprise-level telecommunications infrastructure that provides end-to-end information transfer for
supporting military operations.
ONE-NET
The overseas network that provides a secure, common networking environment at shore-based
naval locations OCONUS in three theaters: Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. ONE-NET
is based on NMCI architecture that provides a secure and common networking environment in the
continental United States, Hawaii, Cuba, Guam, Japan, and Puerto Rico (CONUS).
NCDOC
As the Navy’s CND Service Provider, the Navy Cyber Defense Operations Command (NCDOC) based in
Norfolk, VA has responsibility for the defense-in-depth CND mission across all Navy networks—afloat,
ONE-Net, and NMCI as currently assigned by NETWARCOM. Last year NCDOC became the first
CND Service Provider (CNDSP) in the DoD to be recognized with a top-level accreditation awarded by
STRATCOM.
MCNOSC
The Marine Corps Network Operations and Security Center (MCNOSC) based in Quantico, VA provides
global network operations and CND of the Marine Corps Enterprise Network (MCEN) in order to facilitate
seamless information exchange in support of Marine and joint Forces operating worldwide.


Organizations
NETWARCOM
NETWARCOM, a global command headquartered in Norfolk, VA is currently the Navy’s Type
Commander (TYCOM) for cyber and IT requirements and readiness, intelligence, networks, IO, and
space that enables effects-based operations and innovation. As FLTCYBERCOM becomes operational,
NETWARCOM’s “man, train and equip” TYCOM duties will be redistributed to the Commander, Fleet
Forces Command (FFC) staff as appropriate. NETWARCOM will be realigned under FLTCYBERCOM
and continue to be responsible for operational space and network assets.
Team SPAWAR
The worldwide team of more than 12,000 people at SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific and SPAWAR
Systems Center Atlantic (includes the program executive offices) spans the globe and provides RD and
engineering expertise to invent, acquire, develop, deliver, and support IT, C4ISR, networks, and business
IT in the interest of national defense. SPAWAR is headquartered in San Diego, CA.
MARCORSYSCOM
MARCORSYSCOM, headquartered in Quantico, VA is the Commandant of the Marine Corps’
principal agent for acquisition and sustainment of systems and equipment used by the operating
forces to accomplish their warfighting mission. From “socks to gun sights,” the MARCORSYSCOM
team, comprising more than 1,600 people, outfits Marines with literally everything they drive,
shoot, and wear.
Headquarters Staffs
Headquartered in Washington, DC, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (DCNO) N2 (Naval Intelligence)
and DCNO N6 (Communication Networks) staffs have recently reorganized their capabilities into a single
OPNAV Directorate, OPNAV N2/N6 to protect cyberspace and expand counterintelligence capabilities.
Headquartered in Washington, DC, USMC C4 ensures the Marine Corps continues to be the world’s
most capable expeditionary fighting force through dramatic enhancement of MAGTF expeditionary and
joint C4 capabilities via application of C4 and IT.
US Cyber Command
With headquarters most likely in Fort Meade, MD, the newly established unified US Cyber Command
(USCYBERCOM) will protect military networks and conduct a range of offensive cyber warfare
capabilities. While mission and roles are still to be fully determined, USCYBERCOM is expected to reach
initial operating capabilities by October and full operating capability by October 2010. Concurrently,
the Navy will establish a Fleet Cyber Command in October 2009 to serve as the Navy Component to
USCYBERCOM.
Fleet Cyber Command/10TH Fleet
As the Navy’s Cyber Component Commander, FLTCYBERCOM will assume many of mission areas
currently being performed by NETWARCOM and serve as central operational authority for networks,
intel, cryptology/SIGINT, IO, cyber, EW and space ISO of forces afloat and ashore; operate a secure,
interoperable naval network; coordinate Navy’s operational requirements for intel, IO, networks,
cryptology/SIGINT, and space capabilities. Additionally, all NIOCs and NCDOC will realign under
FLTCYBERCOM as it assumes all cryptologic function and authority, becoming the Navy’s Service
Cryptologic Commander.


Functions and Infrastructure
Computer Network Defense (CND)
Networks and enterprise services have become mission-essential systems on ships, and these systems
must have the same degree of survivability and resilience as other weapons systems. CND involves actions
taken through computer networks to protect, monitor, analyze, detect, and respond to unauthorized
activity within and outside of DoD information systems and computer networks. CND provides the
necessary level of Information Assurance (IA) for services and information flow to protect and preserve
information for mission functions. These capabilities involve scanning computers for vulnerabilities,
remediation, and central management of host agents that detect and prevent malicious code. Current
capability to set threat levels on DoD information systems, called Information Operations Condition
(INFOCON) on shipboard and shore systems, fully or partially automated, allows the warfighter to fight
network intruders.
NAVCIRT
Navy Computer Incident Response Team (NAVCIRT) analysts utilize a web-based solution called
MOBIUS (named after the mathematician August Ferdinand Mobius). This technology monitors,
reports, and thwarts malicious network activity to help maintain secure computer network services that
control weapon systems, financial transactions, and a wide range of other vital communications traffic.
MOBIUS provides commanders with situational network status metrics and stores cyber security data
for historical analysis, trending, data visualization, reporting, and event-correlation capabilities that
deliver real intelligence on potential threats before they start.
NETOPS
Network Operations (NetOps) encompasses all activities associated with operating and defending
networks, their applications, and their services. NetOps is defined as the DoD-wide operational,
organizational, and technical capabilities for operating and defending the Global Information Grid
(GIG), the DoD globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information capabilities for joint forces and
support personnel. The goal of NetOps is to provide commanders with netcentric capabilities to make
informed C2 decisions. NetOps is the operational construct that the Navy will use to operate, maintain,
and defend the Navy’s Enterprise Networks (NEN), which encompass NMCI, ONE-NET, legacy networks,
and IT for the 21st Century (IT-21) afloat. The Navy’s responsibility in the global NetOps construct is to
establish and maintain Network Operations and Security Centers (NOSCs) and a Navy Global NOSC
(NAVGNOSC) to operate and defend the Navy portion of the GIG, to direct and coordinate Navy
NetOps activities, and to support global operation of the GIG by providing SA and coordination with
COCOMS, and naval CCs.
Tactical Switching (TSw) Program
An often-overlooked element of our IT infrastructure is the capability to connect, monitor, and
control the various equipment fielded by the Navy—the TSw Program is designed to do just that.
Creating a robust, survivable, and integrated information transport and service delivery capability,
the TSw Program provides an Enterprise Network Management System (ENMS) as a “manager of
managers” capability to the Global and Regional Network Operations and Security Centers (G/
RNOSC). The current TSw ENMS Increment II Spiral B delivery is in its initial deployment phase,
expanding on the current increment II capability, allowing full monitoring and management of the
Navy tactical IT-21 shore network, with an ultimate goal of providing full situational awareness and
a common operational end-to-end picture for watch teams at the G/RNOSCs for their AOR.


NMCI
Today, NMCI is the largest corporate intranet in the world. The foundation of the naval connectivity
backbone, NMCI is a robust, flexible, and secure communications platform. There are more than 700,000
NMCI user accounts on 360,000+ seats (desktops) providing secure, universal access to integrated voice,
video, and data communications at over 3,000 locations across the continental United States, Hawaii,
Cuba, Guam, Japan, and Puerto Rico. NMCI was the first network to implement the DoD Common
Access Card (CAC) with Cryptographic Log On (CLO), providing additional defense-in-depth to protect
the integrity of Navy and Marine Corps information assets throughout the enterprise.
NMCI has consolidated and standardized network operations services, security, and user assistance
across every level of command. In the past two years, the Navy has succeeded in shutting down or
migrating service from about 750 Navy networks. This leaves 470 nonenterprise Navy networks, and
the CNO’s goal is to eliminate or migrate 200 more by the end of this year, with elimination of the legacy
environment next year. NMCI:
Detects intrusion attempts: more than 1,200 unclassified and ~20 classified attempts monthly.•
Detects an average of 60 viruses and effectively quarantines and disinfects 3000+ new viruses•
monthly.
Blocks approximately 9 million spam messages and detected more than 5.2 million unauthorized•
intrusion attempts on external boundaries monthly (2006).
Stopped 20 million unauthorized access attempts and quarantined 70,000 viruses (2000-2005).•
Under NMCI, increased efficiencies and cost savings are moving military personnel from the computer
management field onto the battlefield. The Pacific Fleet (PACFLT) is currently field-testing a NMCI
service called Common Operational Picture (COP), a single identical display of relevant operational
information shared by more than one command. COP evaluates how network outages affect mission
readiness. NMCI has a proven foundation in place to support new technological and strategic objectives
as naval forces transition to the Next Generation Enterprise Network (NGEN) in October 2010 and
netcentric environment of 2016.


Wireless and Mobile Computing
Wireless networks are bringing new, innovative capabilities to Navy personnel at sea, providing Sailors
aboard surface vessels with greater flexibility, more productivity, and greater mobility. The unclassified
wireless infrastructure will provide an extension of the unclassified Integrated Shipboard Network
System (ISNS). Multiple Navy personnel will be able to share capacity provided by a single wired
network connection by utilizing the unclassified wireless interface into which the wired ISNS connection
terminates, helping to enable future wireless capabilities.
Fielded and operational today, the Wireless Reach Back System (WRBS) provides a secure wireless link
for the transmission of data supporting multiple mission sets. The system is currently employed by Visit,
Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) teams to send biometric and intelligent data between Vessels of Interest
(VOI) and the On-Scene Commander (OSC) during Expanded Maritime Intercept Operations (EMIO)
and to provide NGOs with Internet connectivity during disaster and humanitarian relief efforts. Thirty-
three WRBSs have currently been deployed, with 151 deliveries expected to be made to six different ship
classes from FY09-FY13.
Shipboard Grooming: Predeployment Inspection and Certification
PreparingshipsfordeploymentisyetanotheractivityC4ISRprofessionalsconducttosupporttheFleet.Every
deploying CSG/ Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) receives the attention of PMW160 networks technicians
who board ships and evaluate networks systems during stressed operational validation. The technicians
evaluate systems, equipment, procedures, and assist shipboard technicians in testing system integration/
functionality. Networks distance support is provided for every ESG/CSG and independent deployer.
IT Readiness Review (ITRR)
In treating the network as a weapons system as a key to sustaining readiness, RADM Michael C. Bachmann,
Commander, SPAWAR, established the Information Technology Readiness Review (ITRR) Program in
July 2007 to assess and test Navy’s afloat C4I readiness. ITRR is a process that examines and validates
five key readiness C4I areas that, according to RADM Bachmann, “will enable us to remain decisive in
combat and ever ready to respond to any crisis or humanitarian need around the world.” Results proactively
identify and correct C4I areas that need improvement. ITRR focuses on:
Procurement and systems operation validation testing•
In-service sustainment•
Training and manning•
TYCOM-directed assessments•
Strike group readiness•
Fleet Technical Support
Fleet support continues for deployed units. Highly capable civilian technicians comprise Fleet Systems
Engineering Teams (FSETs) that immediately assist with C4ISR matters. Subject matter experts are on
call when needed. In recent examples, technicians from PEO C4I’s PMW 170, Communications Program
Office, and PMW 160, Tactical Networks, supported radios, terminals, and antennas providing both
onsite and distance support to ensure networks operated at optimum capability when USS Peleliu (LHA
5) and USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) deployed in support of the Pacific Partnership mission, and when USS
Boxer (LHD) and USNS Comfort (T-AH 20) supported Continuing Promise.


Navy “Business” – Corporate Operations
While the warfighting elements of any service provide the focus of most capability discussions, the “business”
side of the DoN requires substantial and ongoing support from C4ISR professionals. Databases, information
infrastructure, and software applications that allow for hiring, promotions, pay, provisions, healthcare,
financial management, records keeping, office work, and myriad other functions of any successful operation
all require investment and ongoing operational care.
In the business world, an enterprise is an organization based on linked processes with a set of focused
deliverables aimed at achieving goals benefitting defined stakeholders. Mindful of management consultant
Tom Peters’ maxim that “Leaders win through superior logistics,” the Navy has adopted the enterprise
organizational construct to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability. As a member of the
greater Fleet Readiness Enterprise (FRE), Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, and Navy and Marine Corps
HQ Staffs are embracing the goal of delivering greater operational readiness at the lowest possible
cost—taking a business approach to the business of the Navy and Marine Corps. This method is already
accelerating and streamlining improvements across the Fleet and Marine force, while institutionalizing
Continuous Process Improvements (CPI).
Navy Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
The Navy is adopting best business practices through implementation of ERP, an integrated business
management system that modernizes and standardizes Navy processes used to manage money, acquisition
programs, people, supplies, and maintenance. Navy ERP will provide enhanced accessibility of trusted
data, supply both standardized and customized reporting, and automate compliance with federal financial
and security standards into one completely integrated system. Navy ERP will:
Provide near real-time access to data•
Improve information flow for decision making•
Integrate business processes and eliminate redundancies•
Be a common source of data (timekeeping, finance, business procedures, reports, etc.)•
Enhance business processes without major systems modifications and programming•
Reduce the total cost of doing business•
Provide highly transferable skills to employees•
Improve logistics ashore and afloat•
The results will be increased Fleet combat readiness under the highest standards for secure, reliable,
accessible, and current information. Since the major acquisition commands are the largest business
concerns in the Navy, when fully implemented across the system commands, Navy ERP will be the sole
financial system managing more than half of the Navy’s total obligations. Implementation of Navy ERP at
Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) in January 2008 has already achieved many successes. NAVAIR
has ~15,000 active ERP users managing ~$157 billion in active accounts. According to Operational Test
and Evaluation Force (COMOPTEVFOR) Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOTE), at the end of
2008, 12 of 14 metric-based definitions of stability routinely met the acceptable performance threshold.
The number of work years (WYs) required to perform manual intervention for timely transaction
processing decreased at NAVAIR from ~200 to ~90. Further, ERP job processing issues related to
production scheduling were identified and resolved, resulting in an integrated job schedule, automated
job execution processing, and automated error notifications.
ERP facilitated improvements in Labor Processing, Source Data Automation (SDA) run times, Defense
Daily Expenditure File (DDEF) clearing, and month-end processing. NAVAIR Business Office Leadership
provided charts and metrics to support the Navy ERP Senior Acquisition Governance Review Brief in
August 2008. This review helped facilitate the decision to transition Naval Supply Systems Command
(NAVSUP) to Navy ERP.
SPAWAR will “go live” (i.e., transition from legacy systems to Navy ERP software implementation) on 1
October 2009, and hopes to achieve the same great results currently being realized at NAVAIR. “Navy
ERP will positively influence the daily work routines of over 10,000 SPAWAR employees. There will be
great benefits for the Navy, and great transparency in fund execution and project management,” says
RADM Bachmann.


Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)
Successful businesses have a culture of CPI. The DoN continues to champion the use of Lean Six Sigma
(LSS), a disciplined process improvement methodology. By focusing on becoming a “lean” organization,
the DoD is eliminating waste and resourcing capital to best use in pursuit of goals. Over 4,420 leaders
have completed LSS training, and there are over 2,000 projects underway. The Marine Corps expects to
be the first military service to achieve audit readiness.
Recently, the Navy LSS Team from the PEO C4I acquisition community achieved significant cost savings
by implementing an efficient, repeatable process for integration of Common Submarine Radio Room
(CSRR) block upgrades. The object was to reduce costs through improving efficiencies by using the LSS
“Define-Measure-Analyze-Implement-Control” process. Following its implementation across all CSRR
planning efforts, “the results were significant in terms of Type 2 (cost avoidance) cost savings ($455K
per baseline) and Type 3 (improved readiness) benefits (over $80M in lifecycle cost estimates for the
submarine resource sponsor). Further, the project allowed acceleration of CSRR on Los Angeles class
submarines across the Fleet,” according to Robert Kamensky, SPAWAR CPI/LSS Deployment Lead.
“Back Office” Operations
A substantial part of Navy and Marine Corps operations combines software applications, hardware
suites, and data to provide for the operations of the DoN. These “back office” elements allow inventory
control and management, records management, manpower and personnel functions from recruiting
to writing orders, budgeting, training and person-to-person interaction. These back office features are
created, provided for, and in many cases operated by our C4ISR professionals. While not exhaustive, the
following paragraphs provide a sampling of the capabilities in use today.
Lifecycle Management and Logistics
The New Orleans Office of SSC Atlantic is a leader in business IT development, focusing on software
engineering and development, maintenance, and support of large-scale engineering projects for the
Navy and Marine Corps, including manpower and personnel systems under the oversight of the Program
Executive Officer for Enterprise Information Systems (PEO-EIS). The New Orleans office assists the
Navy in accomplishing the critical business functions of Sailor mobilization, manpower management,
assignment management, readiness, personnel and pay, recruiting, order writing, separation and
retirement, and financial management.


Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System (NSIPS)
Every Sailor’s personnel records, orders, pay, career management, health data, etc. are all supported by
systems maintained by SSC Atlantic at New Orleans, including the NSIPS, the largest pay and personnel
system in Navy history. The system serves as the single repository for personnel and pay data for all
Active Duty and Reserve Sailors in the Navy and offers Sailors round-the-clock access to their Electronic
Service Record (ESR), training data, and career counseling records.
Medical Readiness Reporting System (MRRS)
The MRRS gives the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard the ability to meet mobilization and readiness
requirements more effectively and efficiently, as well as full visibility on the medical status of deploying
forces. Enhancements to the Post Deployment Health Reporting Assessment functionality in the MRSS
will ensure the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard have accurate reporting on the health of their
personnel returning from supporting Overseas Contingency Operations.
Sailor Choice: Sea Warrior
New capability added to the Career Management System Interactive Detailing (CMS/ID) will enable
Sailors to apply for their next assignment by submitting their own job applications online. Various
Reserve/active component shore activities and ships have tested this capability, and if approved, it will
be expanded to allow all enlisted Sailors in the Navy–ashore and afloat–to submit their own applications.
CMS/ID is the centerpiece of a total force web-based Navy career tools suite designed to empower active
duty, full-time support, and Selected Reserve (SELRES) Sailors in career management. Providing this
self-service option is the latest in a series of enhancements made by New Orleans office engineers that
puts even more career capabilities in the hands of the Sailor.
Official Navy Data Centers
New Orleans and SSC PAC are supporting efforts to move the Navy toward standardized, more cost-
efficientIToperationsasCyberAssetReductionandSecurity(CARS)missionpartnerstoNETWARCOM,
assuming a key role in the Command’s Navy Data Center consolidation efforts. New Orleans and SSC
PAC operate a state-of-the-art Data Center/application hosting facility using virtual server technology
and a shared services business model to reduce costs and increase the level of security across hosted
applications. New Orleans’ and SSC PAC’s shared services have become a recognized Navy model for
delivering more capabilities using fewer resources, and both organizations support each other to ensure
full continuity of operations.
Largest Quality of Life Help Desk in the Navy
New Orleans continues to operate an award-winning Customer Support Center (CSC)/Help Desk that
services more than 538,000 members in the Navy, Marine Corps, Air National Guard, and Air Force
in resolving pay, personnel, and other issues. The CSC consistently out-performs industry metrics and
maintains a steady customer satisfaction rating of 98 percent, improving retention and allowing Sailors
to focus on their core mission.


Despite the current focus on contingency operations, during
the next 25 years military analysts predict the US will be
challenged by a regional competitor or rogue state that will
use anti-access and area-denial strategies. Today’s Navy
and Marine Corps are preparing
for a future military near-
peer competitor in all
dimensions: sea,
land,air,undersea,
and space. Both
s y s t e m s i n
place today
and current
development
efforts remain
fo c u s e d o n
R a n g e o f
Warfare (ROW).
As conscientious
ste w ard s of the
nation’s defense, our
Navy and Marine Corps
must plan against capabilities
of potential competitors, not an
estimate of their intentions. Near-
peerandinsomeareaspeercapabilities
exist in global forces today—examples of
prudent investments in ROW preparation
that follow are some of the focus areas in which
our C4ISR professionals are currently working.
Navy Air and Missile Defense Command
The Navy is establishing a new Navy Air and Missile Defense Command in Dahlgren, VA that will concentrate
on growing success in developing and deploying antiballistic missile systems. So far, the Navy has completed
equipping 18 ships with Aegis antiballistic missile systems, and has had several ship-launched intercepts of
test ballistic missiles. As of November 2008, the Navy shot down 16 of 19 high-speed targets in tests, and
is one-for-one in live events. Team SPAWAR provides C2 capabilities for these exercises.
Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS)
TBMCS serves as the single interface for joint air warfare Command and Control (C2), linking Air Force
and Navy C2 systems with ground systems for Army and Marine Corps systems, enabling coordinated,
synchronized air battle management. From initial battle analysis and planning to a precision air strike on
a time-critical target, one system supports every stage of the military’s air combat planning, coordination,
and execution. Through merging of Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, naval C4ISR and Space Systems
technologies into TBMCS systems that incorporate sensor input, mapping and imagery data, and current
friendly status information, these products comprise the cornerstones of air battle C2.
ROW Engineering
SPAWAR, in support of the POM 12 analytical agenda, is currently conducting the following engineering
studies to improve warfighting readiness:
Identify warfighting impact upon a survivable, balanced Navy afloat and ashore C2 architecture capable•
of performing ASW, Anti-Surface Warfare (ASUW), and BMD missions in the ROW environment.
Support C4ISR efforts for the next-generation land attack weapon.•
Determine Navy bandwidth assessment for afloat platforms, shore sites, ongoing maritime operations,•
fleet exercises, and tie data to operational requirements through detailed statistical models.
Assess net-centric continuity of operations in the ROW environment.•
Determine the communications paths, capacities, methods, and Processing, Exploitation, and•
Dissemination (PED) necessary to provide national, theater, and tactical ISR to JFMCC and subordinate
forces for MCO-2 operations in 2024 timeframe.
Assess defensive cyberspace impact on warfighting capability.•
Conduct C2HEW study to expand examination of joint, coalition, and tactical data links.•
RANGE OF WARFARE


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