Some Factors That Influence Consumers’ Buying Behavior
You’ve been a consumer with purchasing power for much longer than you probably realize—since the first
time you were asked which cereal or toy you wanted. Over the years, you’ve developed rules of thumb or mental
shortcuts providing a systematic way to choose among alternatives, even if you aren’t aware of it. Other consumers
follow a similar process, but different people, no matter how similar they are, make different purchasing decisions.
You might be very interested in purchasing a Smart Car, but your best friend might want to buy a Ford F-150 truck.
What factors influenced your decision and what factors influenced your friend’s decision?
While some influences may be temporary and others are long lasting, different factors can affect how buyers
behave—whether they influence you to make a purchase, buy additional products, or buy nothing at all. Let’s now
look at some of the influences on consumer behavior in more detail.
Situational Factors
Have you ever been in a department story and couldn’t find your way out? No, you aren’t
necessarily directionally challenged. Marketing professionals take physical factors such as a store’s
design and layout into account when they are designing their facilities. Presumably, the longer you
wander around a facility, the more you will spend. Grocery stores frequently place bread and milk
products on the opposite ends of the stores because people often need both types of products. To buy
both, they have to walk around an entire store, which of course, is loaded with other items they might
see and purchase.
Store locations also influence behavior. Starbucks has done a good job in terms of locating its
stores. It has the process down to a science; you can scarcely drive a few miles down the road without
passing a Starbucks. You can also buy cups of Starbucks coffee at many grocery stores and in
airports—virtually any place where there is foot traffic.
Physical factors that firms can control, such as the layout of a store, music played at stores, the
lighting, temperature, and even the smells you experience are called atmospherics. Perhaps you’ve
visited the office of an apartment complex and noticed how great it looked and even smelled. It’s no
coincidence. The managers of the complex were trying to get you to stay for a while and have a look at
their facilities. Research shows that “strategic fragrancing” results in customers staying in stores
longer, buying more, and leaving with better impressions of the quality of stores’ services and
products. Mirrors near hotel elevators are another example. Hotel operators have found that when
people are busy looking at themselves in the mirrors, they don’t feel like they are waiting as long for
their elevators.Patricia Moore, “Smells Sell,” NZ Business, February 2008, 26–27.
Not all physical factors are under a company’s control, however. Take w.
consumer behaviorThe study of when, where,and how people.docxdonnajames55
consumer behavior
The study of when, where,
and how people buy things
and then dispose of them.
search advertising
Advertising that appears on
the Web pages pulled up
when online searches are
conducted.
C H A P T E R 3
Consumer Behavior: How
People Make Buying
Decisions
Why do you buy the things you do? How did you decide to go to the college you’re attending? Where and how do
you like to shop? Do your friends shop at the same places or different places? How much more likely are you to buy
a product if a bunch of friends “Like” it on Facebook or Instagram?
Marketing professionals that have the answers to those questions will have a much better chance of creating,
communicating about, and delivering value-added products and services that you and people like you will want to
buy. That’s what the study of consumer behavior is all about. Consumer behavior considers the many
reasons—personal, situational, psychological, and social—why people shop for products, buy and use them,
sometimes become loyal customers, and then dispose of them.
Companies spend billions of dollars annually studying what makes consumers “tick.” Google, Yahoo, Facebook,
among other organizations doing business online, monitor your Web patterns—the sites you search, that is. The
companies that pay for search advertising, or ads that appear on the Web pages you pull up after doing online
searches, want to find out what kind of things interest you. Doing so allows these companies to send you popup
ads and coupons you might actually be interested in instead of ads and coupons for things you don’t.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in conjunction with a large retail center, has tracked consumers in
retail establishments to see when and where they tended to dwell or stop to look at merchandise. How was it
done? By tracking the position of the consumers’ mobile phones as they shopped, MIT found that when people’s
“dwell times” increased in certain locations, sales increased, too.[1]
Researchers have even looked at people’s brains by having them lie in scanners and asking them questions
about different products. What people say about the products is then compared to what their brains scans
show—that is, what they are really thinking. Scanning people’s brains for marketing purposes might sound nutty,
but maybe not when you consider the fact that eight out of ten new consumer products fail, even when they are
test marketed. Could it be possible that what people say about potential new products and what they think about
them are different? Marketing professionals want to find out.[2]
Studying people’s buying habits isn’t just for big companies. Small businesses and entrepreneurs can study the
behavior of their customers with great success. By figuring out what zip codes their customers are in, a business
might determine where to locate an additional store. Small businesses such as restaurants often use coupon codes.
For example, coupons sent ou.
The document provides guidance on retail atmospherics and serving modern consumers. It discusses how rising affluence and new technologies have changed consumer wants and expectations. Consumers now want items immediately and have shorter attention spans. Retailers must understand sight lines and display placement to attract customers from a distance. Creating a comfortable shopping experience and eliminating bottlenecks helps convert browsers to buyers. Building loyalty requires treating customers as individuals through relationship marketing. Catering to all demographics, including seniors and those with disabilities, is important to reach all potential purchasers.
Introduction to Modern Retailers and ConsumersNupur Samaddar
This document provides an overview of modern retailers and consumer behavior. It discusses different types of retailers like department stores, chain stores, franchises, and discount houses. It also looks at non-store retailing models and trends like warehouse style stores and second-hand retailers. The document then examines different retail archetypes for the future like lowest cost, convenience-location, and platform operator models. It analyzes consumer spending trends and preferences, like most shoppers still spending the majority in brick-and-mortar stores and valuing an in-store experience. Finally, it reviews characteristics of different consumer demographics like millennials' preference for digital engagement.
Retail Dictionary: 40 Retail Terms Every Modern Retailer Needs To KnowVend
This document provides definitions for 40 retail terms that every modern retailer needs to know. It begins by explaining the purpose of the retail dictionary and then provides the definition and an example for each term. Some of the terms defined include anchor store, big box store, big data, brick and click, cashwrap, click and collect, and cross merchandising. For several terms it also provides a short expert commentary on the significance and impact of the term.
consumer behaviorThe study of when, where,and how people.docxdonnajames55
consumer behavior
The study of when, where,
and how people buy things
and then dispose of them.
search advertising
Advertising that appears on
the Web pages pulled up
when online searches are
conducted.
C H A P T E R 3
Consumer Behavior: How
People Make Buying
Decisions
Why do you buy the things you do? How did you decide to go to the college you’re attending? Where and how do
you like to shop? Do your friends shop at the same places or different places? How much more likely are you to buy
a product if a bunch of friends “Like” it on Facebook or Instagram?
Marketing professionals that have the answers to those questions will have a much better chance of creating,
communicating about, and delivering value-added products and services that you and people like you will want to
buy. That’s what the study of consumer behavior is all about. Consumer behavior considers the many
reasons—personal, situational, psychological, and social—why people shop for products, buy and use them,
sometimes become loyal customers, and then dispose of them.
Companies spend billions of dollars annually studying what makes consumers “tick.” Google, Yahoo, Facebook,
among other organizations doing business online, monitor your Web patterns—the sites you search, that is. The
companies that pay for search advertising, or ads that appear on the Web pages you pull up after doing online
searches, want to find out what kind of things interest you. Doing so allows these companies to send you popup
ads and coupons you might actually be interested in instead of ads and coupons for things you don’t.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in conjunction with a large retail center, has tracked consumers in
retail establishments to see when and where they tended to dwell or stop to look at merchandise. How was it
done? By tracking the position of the consumers’ mobile phones as they shopped, MIT found that when people’s
“dwell times” increased in certain locations, sales increased, too.[1]
Researchers have even looked at people’s brains by having them lie in scanners and asking them questions
about different products. What people say about the products is then compared to what their brains scans
show—that is, what they are really thinking. Scanning people’s brains for marketing purposes might sound nutty,
but maybe not when you consider the fact that eight out of ten new consumer products fail, even when they are
test marketed. Could it be possible that what people say about potential new products and what they think about
them are different? Marketing professionals want to find out.[2]
Studying people’s buying habits isn’t just for big companies. Small businesses and entrepreneurs can study the
behavior of their customers with great success. By figuring out what zip codes their customers are in, a business
might determine where to locate an additional store. Small businesses such as restaurants often use coupon codes.
For example, coupons sent ou.
The document provides guidance on retail atmospherics and serving modern consumers. It discusses how rising affluence and new technologies have changed consumer wants and expectations. Consumers now want items immediately and have shorter attention spans. Retailers must understand sight lines and display placement to attract customers from a distance. Creating a comfortable shopping experience and eliminating bottlenecks helps convert browsers to buyers. Building loyalty requires treating customers as individuals through relationship marketing. Catering to all demographics, including seniors and those with disabilities, is important to reach all potential purchasers.
Introduction to Modern Retailers and ConsumersNupur Samaddar
This document provides an overview of modern retailers and consumer behavior. It discusses different types of retailers like department stores, chain stores, franchises, and discount houses. It also looks at non-store retailing models and trends like warehouse style stores and second-hand retailers. The document then examines different retail archetypes for the future like lowest cost, convenience-location, and platform operator models. It analyzes consumer spending trends and preferences, like most shoppers still spending the majority in brick-and-mortar stores and valuing an in-store experience. Finally, it reviews characteristics of different consumer demographics like millennials' preference for digital engagement.
Retail Dictionary: 40 Retail Terms Every Modern Retailer Needs To KnowVend
This document provides definitions for 40 retail terms that every modern retailer needs to know. It begins by explaining the purpose of the retail dictionary and then provides the definition and an example for each term. Some of the terms defined include anchor store, big box store, big data, brick and click, cashwrap, click and collect, and cross merchandising. For several terms it also provides a short expert commentary on the significance and impact of the term.
Fashion and styles
Fashion brands blog headings or keywords
on April 06, 2022
(All pages)
Home page
Fashion brands blog headings or keywords
All your Needs ! Just visit and find what you want to get ....
Needs of Life to get in just one click !
Who are the customers of fashion brands?
What are the top fashion brands ?
What are the fashion industry brands and business ?
What are the sources of fashion brands and trends ?
Home page
(All pages)
Location: NORTH CAROLINA, USA
Who are the customers of fashion brands ?
on May 29, 2022
Who are the customers of fashion brands.. ?
*7.(1).Customer for fashion brands: (Top of current page)
In recent year things are changing more rapidly as peoples are becoming more crazy regarding fashion.
All are trying to get the best suitable for them with unique get up. Based on age & culture requirement types are various. World famous brands are focusing on the taste of their existing customers & taking new variation in their brands based on customer feedback & review worldwide. Customer type selection & taste calculation is a prime concern here. For a fashionable look a baby, young generation, matured civilian & most aged generation all are choosing their best fit from recognized brands.
Retail customer: Goods you are selling to a person or customer is your retail customer.
Corporate customer: If you are selling good volume of goods to any company or firm is your corporate customer.
Who are the customers of fashion brands? You might be surprised!
If you’re thinking of starting your own fashion brand, it’s important to know who your customers are – and who they aren’t. Your customer base should reflect your brand image, and if you try to cater to everyone, you’ll end up pleasing no one in particular. So if you have an idea for an upscale line of designer dresses, you shouldn’t expect to be selling those same dresses to teenagers just because they like your trendy designs and low prices.
Fashion & Customers - What do they want?
Customers may complain about paying too much for clothing, but studies have shown that people often spend more on clothing than they need to. What do these customers want? Understanding what drives your customer’s purchasing decisions will help you sell more products and services to them over time. Who makes up your target audience? If you’re looking to create a new product or service, who should you design it for, and why wou
A white paper investigating the "conditional buying" shopping phenomenon and related consumer behaviorial changes and retail innovations in subscription commerce, personal e-stylists, and over-ordering.
This document discusses the rise of the "Buy It To Try It" trend in ecommerce, where consumers intentionally purchase items with the intent of returning some or all of the items after trying them. This allows consumers to recreate the physical store experience of trying on items at home. Key points:
- Rising return rates, some over 30%, are costly for retailers but increase sales by 58-357% over two years.
- Innovations like subscription boxes, personal stylists, and encouraging consumers to order multiple sizes/items allow purchase assessment after buying.
- Generous return policies with long windows and free returns increase sales and store visits. Consumers feel entitled to flexible policies.
- Pl
Supermarket news consumer segmentation may 2010Neil Kimberley
The document discusses 10 types of modern grocery shoppers and how retailers can meet their needs. It focuses on "The Indulgent Shopper", who is willing to splurge without paying attention to price or using coupons. Traditionally, indulgent shoppers shop at stores like Costco and Whole Foods rather than traditional supermarkets. However, supermarkets have an opportunity to attract these free-spending customers if they can provide an upscale in-store experience and get indulgent shoppers away from membership-only stores.
From Simple to Splintered to Seamless: In this new technology-enabled world, how can brand marketers and retailers capture the imagination and retain the loyalty of their customers?
"Though economic times and emerging technologies are prompting consumers to change their buying behaviour, and smart retailers are responding with innovative in-store offerings."
With many predicting the future of retail as an online-only marketplace, the fate of physical retail has often been in question. However, we found that only about 7.4 percent of all U.S. retail sales actually occur online.
The future of the retail industry should see a mix of online commerce as well as physical stores.
Winners and losers along the digital path to purchase_TNSGabriella Bergaglio
Sappiamo che un numero crescente di consumatori naviga online per raccogliere informazioni funzionali ai propri acquisti.Ma non tutte le categorie hanno le stesse caratteristiche. Le marche devono analizzare attentamente i touchpoint pre-acquisto per gestire al meglio la comunicazione ed ottimizzare le conversioni.
this is Consumer Buyer Behavior Part 2. Our learning objectives to.docxkenth16
this is Consumer Buyer Behavior Part 2. Our learning objectives today include identify the five steps of the consumer buying decisionmaking process, analyze interpersonal and non-personal influences on buying behavior, describe how culture, values, beliefs, and religion impact purchase behavior.
The five steps of the consumer buying decision-making process include problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Now let me give you an example to illustrate. And this is what marketers often do.
Step one, I have a problem, which is I want to try the new restaurant in town but I'm unsure of the prices, the quality of the food, the location, the parking situation, et cetera. I move on to step two. I search for information on the web, the restaurant website, and review sites like Yelp.com for information.
Three, I evaluate my alternatives-- other restaurants in the area that seem comparable or my go-to restaurants-- and I think to myself, do I want to go there or do I want to try the new restaurant? Four, I make the decision to try it out. Five, I am thrilled with the experience. I take photos of myself, with my friends, of the wait staff. I take photos of the food. I post everything on Snapchat, Yelp.com, et cetera. So I had a really good experience.
However, through those five steps, there are many interpersonal and non-personal influences that can possibly lead us astray. And as marketers, we need to pay attention to this. Interpersonal influences-- there are many examples-- family members are strong influencers when it comes to big and small purchases.
Examples. I need to ask my dad about the types of cars I am interested in. He will know what is best for me at this time in my life. Or another example. I always buy Thomas' English muffins and bagels because my grandmother and my mom used to buy that brand and it evokes really good feelings in me and it reminds me of my childhood.
Mentors are also heavy influencers. So an example. My football coach during middle school and high school always believed in my talent and thinks I should choose Temple University's football program. So I do.
Religion is another key factor that often shapes decision making. Here's an example. I was raised in a Jewish kosher family and will ensure my family home has an awesome kosher kitchen for large family gatherings and wonderful food. I'm in the process of building my house. There are only two contractors in the area that specialize in kosher kitchen design, so out of the 30 contractors out there that I'm aware of, I'm only going to talk to those two for estimates.
Culture is another driver of consumption. Example. I grew up watching the old movies-- black and white films from the '30s, '40s, and '50s. I absolutely love it. I want to be a historical firm major in college. Where should I go to study this? Ah, the film degree at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts. I think I'll go there.
Non-personal inf.
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 4 4 0 9S U M M E R 2 0 1 3.docxmakdul
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 4 4 0 9
S U M M E R 2 0 1 3 V O L . 5 4 N O . 4
How to Drive Customer
Satisfaction
By Rolph E. Anderson, Srinivasan Swaminathan and Rajiv Mehta
INTELLIGENCE
SUMMER 2013 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 13COURTESY OF WE FASHION
Savvy company executives
know that some of their greatest
and potentially most enduring
assets are their long-run cus-
tomer relationships. Trying to
sustain a competitive advantage
with new products is a frustrat-
ing game, where short-term
leads often erode quickly. But by
satisfying customers, compa-
nies can nurture long-term
relationships and customer
loyalty. What’s more, a small in-
crease in customer loyalty can
make a big difference in com-
pany profits. McDonald’s, for
example, calculated back in the
1990s that just one additional
visit per week by “heavy users”
would boost annual sales by
more than $10 billion dollars.
Blending Bricks
and Clicks
In retailing, customer loyalty
cannot be achieved for long by
keeping customer interactions
online distinct and separate from
those offline. Many consumers
have largely merged their shop-
ping to the extent that they go
back and forth between online
and offline retailers. They may
start out by looking at desired
products in a store, go online to
check out the products further,
then decide to buy them from an
online seller such as Amazon. Or
they may start searching online,
then go look at the items offline
at a Wal-Mart or Target store,
and perhaps buy them there
because they’re immediately
available. Since consumers are
fusing their offline and online
shopping habits, retailers must
adapt their systems as necessary
to create seamless “brick-and-
click” stores. Shoppers will
reward companies that do this
well. Many Amazon customers
use brick-and-mortar Best Buy,
Target or Wal-Mart stores to in-
spect products before making
their final purchases online from
Amazon. Consumers treating
offline stores as “showrooms”
prior to purchasing elsewhere
on the Internet present a seri-
ous threat to companies that
have yet to blend their offline
and online stores.
Traditional retailers are fight-
ing back, in part by asking
suppliers to provide designs and
products that are “exclusive” to
their stores. Toys “R” Us, for in-
stance, has many products that
can’t be purchased from other
stores or websites. Target does
likewise with fashion brands
[MARKETING]
How to Drive Customer Satisfaction
Companies looking to build a satisfied and loyal customer base need to realize that
there are multiple drivers of customer satisfaction.
BY ROLPH E. ANDERSON, SRINIVASAN SWAMINATHAN AND RAJIV MEHTA
(Continued on page 14)
Shoppers at WE Fashion stores can use a “Tweet Mirror” to take pictures
of outfits they are trying on and post the photos on Twitter.
14 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW SUMMER 2013 SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU
I ...
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 4 4 0 9S U M M E R 2 0 1 3.docxcatheryncouper
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 4 4 0 9
S U M M E R 2 0 1 3 V O L . 5 4 N O . 4
How to Drive Customer
Satisfaction
By Rolph E. Anderson, Srinivasan Swaminathan and Rajiv Mehta
INTELLIGENCE
SUMMER 2013 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 13COURTESY OF WE FASHION
Savvy company executives
know that some of their greatest
and potentially most enduring
assets are their long-run cus-
tomer relationships. Trying to
sustain a competitive advantage
with new products is a frustrat-
ing game, where short-term
leads often erode quickly. But by
satisfying customers, compa-
nies can nurture long-term
relationships and customer
loyalty. What’s more, a small in-
crease in customer loyalty can
make a big difference in com-
pany profits. McDonald’s, for
example, calculated back in the
1990s that just one additional
visit per week by “heavy users”
would boost annual sales by
more than $10 billion dollars.
Blending Bricks
and Clicks
In retailing, customer loyalty
cannot be achieved for long by
keeping customer interactions
online distinct and separate from
those offline. Many consumers
have largely merged their shop-
ping to the extent that they go
back and forth between online
and offline retailers. They may
start out by looking at desired
products in a store, go online to
check out the products further,
then decide to buy them from an
online seller such as Amazon. Or
they may start searching online,
then go look at the items offline
at a Wal-Mart or Target store,
and perhaps buy them there
because they’re immediately
available. Since consumers are
fusing their offline and online
shopping habits, retailers must
adapt their systems as necessary
to create seamless “brick-and-
click” stores. Shoppers will
reward companies that do this
well. Many Amazon customers
use brick-and-mortar Best Buy,
Target or Wal-Mart stores to in-
spect products before making
their final purchases online from
Amazon. Consumers treating
offline stores as “showrooms”
prior to purchasing elsewhere
on the Internet present a seri-
ous threat to companies that
have yet to blend their offline
and online stores.
Traditional retailers are fight-
ing back, in part by asking
suppliers to provide designs and
products that are “exclusive” to
their stores. Toys “R” Us, for in-
stance, has many products that
can’t be purchased from other
stores or websites. Target does
likewise with fashion brands
[MARKETING]
How to Drive Customer Satisfaction
Companies looking to build a satisfied and loyal customer base need to realize that
there are multiple drivers of customer satisfaction.
BY ROLPH E. ANDERSON, SRINIVASAN SWAMINATHAN AND RAJIV MEHTA
(Continued on page 14)
Shoppers at WE Fashion stores can use a “Tweet Mirror” to take pictures
of outfits they are trying on and post the photos on Twitter.
14 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW SUMMER 2013 SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU
I ...
This document discusses factors that influence consumer behavior and how understanding consumer behavior can help with marketing. It provides 3 key points:
1) Various personal, social, and economic factors can influence how consumers make purchasing decisions. Marketers need to understand what motivates consumers' choices.
2) There are different types of consumer purchasing behaviors that marketers should be aware of, such as complex purchases, dissonance-reducing behaviors, habitual behaviors, and variety-seeking behaviors.
3) Understanding patterns in consumers' purchasing locations, times, frequencies, and methods can provide useful insights for marketers. Effective consumer segmentation is important for customizing marketing strategies.
Future Shoppers Report es una investigación elaborada por Samsung UK que hace hincapié en consumidores de 16-24 años, tendencias, preferencias, gustos, ¿qué es lo que buscan?
Showrooming, étude sur l'utilisation du mobile en magasin - Le Mobile Assiste...Bertrand Jonquois
SHOWROOMING AND THE RISE OF THE MOBILE-ASSISTED SHOPPER SEPTEMBER 2013
Une récente étude de la Columbia Business School part d’un constat désormais bien connu : 21% des individus utilisent leur téléphone lors de leurs achats en magasin.
Researchers tlooked at the attitudes, shopping patterns and motivations of 3000 leading-edge consumers in the U.S., UK and Canada. The goal was to better understand how mobile devices are impacting in-store shopping habits by identifying those shoppers most likely to have “showroomed” — visited a store and saw a product they liked, but then purchased it online instead of from the store, and by outlining actions retailers can take, such as loyalty programs, price matching, free shipping and mobile payments to encourage consumers to open their wallets in-store.
The results paint a clear picture of today’s mobile assisted shoppers – or M-shopper – and debunks commonly held assumptions many brick-and-mortar retailers make about retail show roomers. Some of the highlights include:
Showrooming isn’t just for the Millennial Generation: Contrary to popular belief, 74 percent of M-shoppers are older than 29 years old.
Mobile devices can actually improve the chances of an in-store purchase: More than 50 percent of M-Shoppers are more likely to purchase a product in-store when their mobile device helps them find online reviews, information or trusted advice.
Price isn’t always the most important factor: Although “price checking” is the number one action of M-Shoppers, convenience, urgency, and immediacy are the top three reasons why M-Shoppers will buy in-store even if they find the same product cheaper online.
Loyalty programs are worth more than just their points: 48 percent of M-Shoppers say that being a member of a store’s loyalty program makes them more likely to purchase products in-store, despite equal or cheaper prices online.
Experience Driven eCommerce - Rise To The OccasionWP Engine
Stephan Millies, Principal Product Manager of eCommerce, WP Engine will discuss recent market shifts, which segments are thriving, and how WP Engine eCommerce clients are successfully navigating these uncharted times by adopting a data-driven strategy to activate new channels, promotions and products. What’s worked, what hasn’t and how to apply the insights.
How Consumers Buy Today - Harnessing the Buying Journey to Get More CustomersTodd Ebert
Consumers now research purchases extensively online before buying. They discover businesses through search engines, reviews, and social media. They consider multiple sources like websites and social pages to learn about options. Marketing must reach consumers throughout this "buying journey." To do so, businesses need content on search engines, reviews sites, their own website and blog, and social media to influence consumers at each stage. Coordinating tactics maximizes their impact on the journey.
In this unit, you will experience the powerful impact communication .docxwhitneyleman54422
This document provides instructions for an assignment requiring students to download a template, follow the instructions in the template to complete an analysis of communication concepts relating to cultural diversity, and demonstrate their understanding through in-text citations and references in APA format.
In this task, you will write an analysis (suggested length of 3–5 .docxwhitneyleman54422
In this task, you will write an analysis (
suggested length of 3–5 pages
) of one work of literature. Choose
one
work from the list below:
Classical Period
• Sappho, “The Anactoria Poem” ca. 7th century B.C.E. (poetry)
• Aeschylus, “Song of the Furies” from
The Eumenides
, ca. 458 B.C.E. (poetry)
• Sophocles,
Antigone
, ca. 442 B.C.E. (drama)
• Aristotle, Book 1 from the
Nichomachean Ethics
, ca. 35 B.C.E. (philosophical text)
• Augustus,
The Deeds of the Divine Augustus
, ca. 14 C.E. (funerary inscription)
• Ovid, “The Transformation of Daphne into a Laurel” an excerpt from Book 1 of
The Metamorphoses
, ca. 2 C.E. (poetry)
Renaissance
• Francesco Petrarch, “The Ascent of Mount Ventoux” 1350 (letter)
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the first seven paragraphs of the “Oration on the Dignity of Man” ca. 1486 (essay excerpt)
• Leonardo da Vinci, Chapter 28 “Comparison of the Arts” from
The Notebooks
ca. 1478-1518 (art text)
• Edmund Spenser, Sonnet 30, “My Love is like to Ice” from
Amoretti
1595 (poetry)
• William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18, “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day” 1609 (poetry)
• Francis Bacon, “Of Studies” from
The Essays or Counsels…
1625 (essay)
• Anne Bradstreet, “In Honour of that High and Mighty Princess, Queen Elizabeth” 1643 (poetry)
• Andrew Marvell, “To his Coy Mistress” 1681 (poetry)
Enlightenment
• René Descartes, Part 4 from
Discourse on Method
, 1637 (philosophical text)
• William Congreve,
The Way of the World
, 1700 (drama-comedy)
• Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal” 1729 (satirical essay)
• Voltaire, “Micromégas” 1752 (short story, science fiction)
• Phillis Wheatley, “To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing his Works” 1773 (poetry)
• Thomas Paine, “Common Sense” 1776 (essay)
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “The Fisherman” 1779 (poetry)
• Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” 1784 (essay)
Romanticism
• Lord Byron, “She Walks in Beauty” 1813 (poetry)
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Kubla Khan” 1816 (poetry)
• Edgar Allan Poe, “The Fall of the House of Usher” 1839 (short story)
• Alexander Dumas,
The Count of Monte Cristo
, 1844 (novel)
• Emily Brontë,
Wuthering Heights
, 1847 (novel)
• Herman Melville, “Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street” 1853 (short story)
• Emily Dickinson, “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” 1865 (poetry)
• Friedrich Nietzsche, Book 4 from
The Joyful Wisdom
, 1882 (philosophical text)
Realism
• Charles Dickens,
A Christmas Carol
, 1843 (novella)
• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles,
The Communist Manifesto
, 1848 (political pamphlet)
• Christina Rossetti, “Goblin Market” 1862 (poetry)
• Matthew Arnold, “Dover Beach” 1867 (poetry)
• Robert Louis Stevenson,
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
, 1886 (novella)
• Kate Chopin, “The Story of an Hour” 1894 (short story)
• Mark Twain, “The.
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Fashion brands blog headings or keywords
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Needs of Life to get in just one click !
Who are the customers of fashion brands?
What are the top fashion brands ?
What are the fashion industry brands and business ?
What are the sources of fashion brands and trends ?
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Who are the customers of fashion brands ?
on May 29, 2022
Who are the customers of fashion brands.. ?
*7.(1).Customer for fashion brands: (Top of current page)
In recent year things are changing more rapidly as peoples are becoming more crazy regarding fashion.
All are trying to get the best suitable for them with unique get up. Based on age & culture requirement types are various. World famous brands are focusing on the taste of their existing customers & taking new variation in their brands based on customer feedback & review worldwide. Customer type selection & taste calculation is a prime concern here. For a fashionable look a baby, young generation, matured civilian & most aged generation all are choosing their best fit from recognized brands.
Retail customer: Goods you are selling to a person or customer is your retail customer.
Corporate customer: If you are selling good volume of goods to any company or firm is your corporate customer.
Who are the customers of fashion brands? You might be surprised!
If you’re thinking of starting your own fashion brand, it’s important to know who your customers are – and who they aren’t. Your customer base should reflect your brand image, and if you try to cater to everyone, you’ll end up pleasing no one in particular. So if you have an idea for an upscale line of designer dresses, you shouldn’t expect to be selling those same dresses to teenagers just because they like your trendy designs and low prices.
Fashion & Customers - What do they want?
Customers may complain about paying too much for clothing, but studies have shown that people often spend more on clothing than they need to. What do these customers want? Understanding what drives your customer’s purchasing decisions will help you sell more products and services to them over time. Who makes up your target audience? If you’re looking to create a new product or service, who should you design it for, and why wou
A white paper investigating the "conditional buying" shopping phenomenon and related consumer behaviorial changes and retail innovations in subscription commerce, personal e-stylists, and over-ordering.
This document discusses the rise of the "Buy It To Try It" trend in ecommerce, where consumers intentionally purchase items with the intent of returning some or all of the items after trying them. This allows consumers to recreate the physical store experience of trying on items at home. Key points:
- Rising return rates, some over 30%, are costly for retailers but increase sales by 58-357% over two years.
- Innovations like subscription boxes, personal stylists, and encouraging consumers to order multiple sizes/items allow purchase assessment after buying.
- Generous return policies with long windows and free returns increase sales and store visits. Consumers feel entitled to flexible policies.
- Pl
Supermarket news consumer segmentation may 2010Neil Kimberley
The document discusses 10 types of modern grocery shoppers and how retailers can meet their needs. It focuses on "The Indulgent Shopper", who is willing to splurge without paying attention to price or using coupons. Traditionally, indulgent shoppers shop at stores like Costco and Whole Foods rather than traditional supermarkets. However, supermarkets have an opportunity to attract these free-spending customers if they can provide an upscale in-store experience and get indulgent shoppers away from membership-only stores.
From Simple to Splintered to Seamless: In this new technology-enabled world, how can brand marketers and retailers capture the imagination and retain the loyalty of their customers?
"Though economic times and emerging technologies are prompting consumers to change their buying behaviour, and smart retailers are responding with innovative in-store offerings."
With many predicting the future of retail as an online-only marketplace, the fate of physical retail has often been in question. However, we found that only about 7.4 percent of all U.S. retail sales actually occur online.
The future of the retail industry should see a mix of online commerce as well as physical stores.
Winners and losers along the digital path to purchase_TNSGabriella Bergaglio
Sappiamo che un numero crescente di consumatori naviga online per raccogliere informazioni funzionali ai propri acquisti.Ma non tutte le categorie hanno le stesse caratteristiche. Le marche devono analizzare attentamente i touchpoint pre-acquisto per gestire al meglio la comunicazione ed ottimizzare le conversioni.
this is Consumer Buyer Behavior Part 2. Our learning objectives to.docxkenth16
this is Consumer Buyer Behavior Part 2. Our learning objectives today include identify the five steps of the consumer buying decisionmaking process, analyze interpersonal and non-personal influences on buying behavior, describe how culture, values, beliefs, and religion impact purchase behavior.
The five steps of the consumer buying decision-making process include problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Now let me give you an example to illustrate. And this is what marketers often do.
Step one, I have a problem, which is I want to try the new restaurant in town but I'm unsure of the prices, the quality of the food, the location, the parking situation, et cetera. I move on to step two. I search for information on the web, the restaurant website, and review sites like Yelp.com for information.
Three, I evaluate my alternatives-- other restaurants in the area that seem comparable or my go-to restaurants-- and I think to myself, do I want to go there or do I want to try the new restaurant? Four, I make the decision to try it out. Five, I am thrilled with the experience. I take photos of myself, with my friends, of the wait staff. I take photos of the food. I post everything on Snapchat, Yelp.com, et cetera. So I had a really good experience.
However, through those five steps, there are many interpersonal and non-personal influences that can possibly lead us astray. And as marketers, we need to pay attention to this. Interpersonal influences-- there are many examples-- family members are strong influencers when it comes to big and small purchases.
Examples. I need to ask my dad about the types of cars I am interested in. He will know what is best for me at this time in my life. Or another example. I always buy Thomas' English muffins and bagels because my grandmother and my mom used to buy that brand and it evokes really good feelings in me and it reminds me of my childhood.
Mentors are also heavy influencers. So an example. My football coach during middle school and high school always believed in my talent and thinks I should choose Temple University's football program. So I do.
Religion is another key factor that often shapes decision making. Here's an example. I was raised in a Jewish kosher family and will ensure my family home has an awesome kosher kitchen for large family gatherings and wonderful food. I'm in the process of building my house. There are only two contractors in the area that specialize in kosher kitchen design, so out of the 30 contractors out there that I'm aware of, I'm only going to talk to those two for estimates.
Culture is another driver of consumption. Example. I grew up watching the old movies-- black and white films from the '30s, '40s, and '50s. I absolutely love it. I want to be a historical firm major in college. Where should I go to study this? Ah, the film degree at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts. I think I'll go there.
Non-personal inf.
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 4 4 0 9S U M M E R 2 0 1 3.docxmakdul
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 4 4 0 9
S U M M E R 2 0 1 3 V O L . 5 4 N O . 4
How to Drive Customer
Satisfaction
By Rolph E. Anderson, Srinivasan Swaminathan and Rajiv Mehta
INTELLIGENCE
SUMMER 2013 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 13COURTESY OF WE FASHION
Savvy company executives
know that some of their greatest
and potentially most enduring
assets are their long-run cus-
tomer relationships. Trying to
sustain a competitive advantage
with new products is a frustrat-
ing game, where short-term
leads often erode quickly. But by
satisfying customers, compa-
nies can nurture long-term
relationships and customer
loyalty. What’s more, a small in-
crease in customer loyalty can
make a big difference in com-
pany profits. McDonald’s, for
example, calculated back in the
1990s that just one additional
visit per week by “heavy users”
would boost annual sales by
more than $10 billion dollars.
Blending Bricks
and Clicks
In retailing, customer loyalty
cannot be achieved for long by
keeping customer interactions
online distinct and separate from
those offline. Many consumers
have largely merged their shop-
ping to the extent that they go
back and forth between online
and offline retailers. They may
start out by looking at desired
products in a store, go online to
check out the products further,
then decide to buy them from an
online seller such as Amazon. Or
they may start searching online,
then go look at the items offline
at a Wal-Mart or Target store,
and perhaps buy them there
because they’re immediately
available. Since consumers are
fusing their offline and online
shopping habits, retailers must
adapt their systems as necessary
to create seamless “brick-and-
click” stores. Shoppers will
reward companies that do this
well. Many Amazon customers
use brick-and-mortar Best Buy,
Target or Wal-Mart stores to in-
spect products before making
their final purchases online from
Amazon. Consumers treating
offline stores as “showrooms”
prior to purchasing elsewhere
on the Internet present a seri-
ous threat to companies that
have yet to blend their offline
and online stores.
Traditional retailers are fight-
ing back, in part by asking
suppliers to provide designs and
products that are “exclusive” to
their stores. Toys “R” Us, for in-
stance, has many products that
can’t be purchased from other
stores or websites. Target does
likewise with fashion brands
[MARKETING]
How to Drive Customer Satisfaction
Companies looking to build a satisfied and loyal customer base need to realize that
there are multiple drivers of customer satisfaction.
BY ROLPH E. ANDERSON, SRINIVASAN SWAMINATHAN AND RAJIV MEHTA
(Continued on page 14)
Shoppers at WE Fashion stores can use a “Tweet Mirror” to take pictures
of outfits they are trying on and post the photos on Twitter.
14 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW SUMMER 2013 SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU
I ...
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 4 4 0 9S U M M E R 2 0 1 3.docxcatheryncouper
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 4 4 0 9
S U M M E R 2 0 1 3 V O L . 5 4 N O . 4
How to Drive Customer
Satisfaction
By Rolph E. Anderson, Srinivasan Swaminathan and Rajiv Mehta
INTELLIGENCE
SUMMER 2013 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 13COURTESY OF WE FASHION
Savvy company executives
know that some of their greatest
and potentially most enduring
assets are their long-run cus-
tomer relationships. Trying to
sustain a competitive advantage
with new products is a frustrat-
ing game, where short-term
leads often erode quickly. But by
satisfying customers, compa-
nies can nurture long-term
relationships and customer
loyalty. What’s more, a small in-
crease in customer loyalty can
make a big difference in com-
pany profits. McDonald’s, for
example, calculated back in the
1990s that just one additional
visit per week by “heavy users”
would boost annual sales by
more than $10 billion dollars.
Blending Bricks
and Clicks
In retailing, customer loyalty
cannot be achieved for long by
keeping customer interactions
online distinct and separate from
those offline. Many consumers
have largely merged their shop-
ping to the extent that they go
back and forth between online
and offline retailers. They may
start out by looking at desired
products in a store, go online to
check out the products further,
then decide to buy them from an
online seller such as Amazon. Or
they may start searching online,
then go look at the items offline
at a Wal-Mart or Target store,
and perhaps buy them there
because they’re immediately
available. Since consumers are
fusing their offline and online
shopping habits, retailers must
adapt their systems as necessary
to create seamless “brick-and-
click” stores. Shoppers will
reward companies that do this
well. Many Amazon customers
use brick-and-mortar Best Buy,
Target or Wal-Mart stores to in-
spect products before making
their final purchases online from
Amazon. Consumers treating
offline stores as “showrooms”
prior to purchasing elsewhere
on the Internet present a seri-
ous threat to companies that
have yet to blend their offline
and online stores.
Traditional retailers are fight-
ing back, in part by asking
suppliers to provide designs and
products that are “exclusive” to
their stores. Toys “R” Us, for in-
stance, has many products that
can’t be purchased from other
stores or websites. Target does
likewise with fashion brands
[MARKETING]
How to Drive Customer Satisfaction
Companies looking to build a satisfied and loyal customer base need to realize that
there are multiple drivers of customer satisfaction.
BY ROLPH E. ANDERSON, SRINIVASAN SWAMINATHAN AND RAJIV MEHTA
(Continued on page 14)
Shoppers at WE Fashion stores can use a “Tweet Mirror” to take pictures
of outfits they are trying on and post the photos on Twitter.
14 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW SUMMER 2013 SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU
I ...
This document discusses factors that influence consumer behavior and how understanding consumer behavior can help with marketing. It provides 3 key points:
1) Various personal, social, and economic factors can influence how consumers make purchasing decisions. Marketers need to understand what motivates consumers' choices.
2) There are different types of consumer purchasing behaviors that marketers should be aware of, such as complex purchases, dissonance-reducing behaviors, habitual behaviors, and variety-seeking behaviors.
3) Understanding patterns in consumers' purchasing locations, times, frequencies, and methods can provide useful insights for marketers. Effective consumer segmentation is important for customizing marketing strategies.
Future Shoppers Report es una investigación elaborada por Samsung UK que hace hincapié en consumidores de 16-24 años, tendencias, preferencias, gustos, ¿qué es lo que buscan?
Showrooming, étude sur l'utilisation du mobile en magasin - Le Mobile Assiste...Bertrand Jonquois
SHOWROOMING AND THE RISE OF THE MOBILE-ASSISTED SHOPPER SEPTEMBER 2013
Une récente étude de la Columbia Business School part d’un constat désormais bien connu : 21% des individus utilisent leur téléphone lors de leurs achats en magasin.
Researchers tlooked at the attitudes, shopping patterns and motivations of 3000 leading-edge consumers in the U.S., UK and Canada. The goal was to better understand how mobile devices are impacting in-store shopping habits by identifying those shoppers most likely to have “showroomed” — visited a store and saw a product they liked, but then purchased it online instead of from the store, and by outlining actions retailers can take, such as loyalty programs, price matching, free shipping and mobile payments to encourage consumers to open their wallets in-store.
The results paint a clear picture of today’s mobile assisted shoppers – or M-shopper – and debunks commonly held assumptions many brick-and-mortar retailers make about retail show roomers. Some of the highlights include:
Showrooming isn’t just for the Millennial Generation: Contrary to popular belief, 74 percent of M-shoppers are older than 29 years old.
Mobile devices can actually improve the chances of an in-store purchase: More than 50 percent of M-Shoppers are more likely to purchase a product in-store when their mobile device helps them find online reviews, information or trusted advice.
Price isn’t always the most important factor: Although “price checking” is the number one action of M-Shoppers, convenience, urgency, and immediacy are the top three reasons why M-Shoppers will buy in-store even if they find the same product cheaper online.
Loyalty programs are worth more than just their points: 48 percent of M-Shoppers say that being a member of a store’s loyalty program makes them more likely to purchase products in-store, despite equal or cheaper prices online.
Experience Driven eCommerce - Rise To The OccasionWP Engine
Stephan Millies, Principal Product Manager of eCommerce, WP Engine will discuss recent market shifts, which segments are thriving, and how WP Engine eCommerce clients are successfully navigating these uncharted times by adopting a data-driven strategy to activate new channels, promotions and products. What’s worked, what hasn’t and how to apply the insights.
How Consumers Buy Today - Harnessing the Buying Journey to Get More CustomersTodd Ebert
Consumers now research purchases extensively online before buying. They discover businesses through search engines, reviews, and social media. They consider multiple sources like websites and social pages to learn about options. Marketing must reach consumers throughout this "buying journey." To do so, businesses need content on search engines, reviews sites, their own website and blog, and social media to influence consumers at each stage. Coordinating tactics maximizes their impact on the journey.
Similar to Some Factors That Influence Consumers’ Buying Behavior Yo.docx (20)
In this unit, you will experience the powerful impact communication .docxwhitneyleman54422
This document provides instructions for an assignment requiring students to download a template, follow the instructions in the template to complete an analysis of communication concepts relating to cultural diversity, and demonstrate their understanding through in-text citations and references in APA format.
In this task, you will write an analysis (suggested length of 3–5 .docxwhitneyleman54422
In this task, you will write an analysis (
suggested length of 3–5 pages
) of one work of literature. Choose
one
work from the list below:
Classical Period
• Sappho, “The Anactoria Poem” ca. 7th century B.C.E. (poetry)
• Aeschylus, “Song of the Furies” from
The Eumenides
, ca. 458 B.C.E. (poetry)
• Sophocles,
Antigone
, ca. 442 B.C.E. (drama)
• Aristotle, Book 1 from the
Nichomachean Ethics
, ca. 35 B.C.E. (philosophical text)
• Augustus,
The Deeds of the Divine Augustus
, ca. 14 C.E. (funerary inscription)
• Ovid, “The Transformation of Daphne into a Laurel” an excerpt from Book 1 of
The Metamorphoses
, ca. 2 C.E. (poetry)
Renaissance
• Francesco Petrarch, “The Ascent of Mount Ventoux” 1350 (letter)
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the first seven paragraphs of the “Oration on the Dignity of Man” ca. 1486 (essay excerpt)
• Leonardo da Vinci, Chapter 28 “Comparison of the Arts” from
The Notebooks
ca. 1478-1518 (art text)
• Edmund Spenser, Sonnet 30, “My Love is like to Ice” from
Amoretti
1595 (poetry)
• William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18, “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day” 1609 (poetry)
• Francis Bacon, “Of Studies” from
The Essays or Counsels…
1625 (essay)
• Anne Bradstreet, “In Honour of that High and Mighty Princess, Queen Elizabeth” 1643 (poetry)
• Andrew Marvell, “To his Coy Mistress” 1681 (poetry)
Enlightenment
• René Descartes, Part 4 from
Discourse on Method
, 1637 (philosophical text)
• William Congreve,
The Way of the World
, 1700 (drama-comedy)
• Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal” 1729 (satirical essay)
• Voltaire, “Micromégas” 1752 (short story, science fiction)
• Phillis Wheatley, “To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing his Works” 1773 (poetry)
• Thomas Paine, “Common Sense” 1776 (essay)
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “The Fisherman” 1779 (poetry)
• Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” 1784 (essay)
Romanticism
• Lord Byron, “She Walks in Beauty” 1813 (poetry)
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Kubla Khan” 1816 (poetry)
• Edgar Allan Poe, “The Fall of the House of Usher” 1839 (short story)
• Alexander Dumas,
The Count of Monte Cristo
, 1844 (novel)
• Emily Brontë,
Wuthering Heights
, 1847 (novel)
• Herman Melville, “Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street” 1853 (short story)
• Emily Dickinson, “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” 1865 (poetry)
• Friedrich Nietzsche, Book 4 from
The Joyful Wisdom
, 1882 (philosophical text)
Realism
• Charles Dickens,
A Christmas Carol
, 1843 (novella)
• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles,
The Communist Manifesto
, 1848 (political pamphlet)
• Christina Rossetti, “Goblin Market” 1862 (poetry)
• Matthew Arnold, “Dover Beach” 1867 (poetry)
• Robert Louis Stevenson,
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
, 1886 (novella)
• Kate Chopin, “The Story of an Hour” 1894 (short story)
• Mark Twain, “The.
In this SLP you will identify where the major transportation modes a.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this SLP you will identify where the major transportation modes are used in the EESC from SLP3: rail, inland water, ocean steamer, and/or OTR.
There are five basic transportation modes: rail, inland water ways, ocean, over-the-road, and air. We will not be concerned about air transport in this SLP as it is the least used and most expensive in general supply chain transportation.
Review and read these resources on these three transportation modes: rail, inland water, and OTR. Ocean is not included in these readings since it is mainly used for importing and exporting. This will be covered in more detail in LOG502. But you are asked to identify where ocean transport is used, but not in detail.
RESOURCES - SEE SLP 3 RESOURCES IN BACKGROUND PAGE
Session Long Project
Review the EESC from SLP2. Identify in the EESC where each of the four modes of transportation are used: rail, inland water, ocean, and OTR. You can use topic headings for each mode. Identify the materials being transported from which industry to which industry. Discuss why this mode is being used and what the costs are on a per ton-mile basis.
SLP Assignment Expectations
The paper should include:
Background:
Briefly
review and discuss the targeted product, company, and industry
Diagram: Include the diagram of the EESC
Transportation Discussion: Discuss each of the four transportation modes (rail, inland water, ocean, OTR) in the EESC and where each one is used. Discuss why this mode is used and the costs of using.
Clarity and Organization: The paper should be well organized and clearly discuss the various topics and issues in depth and breadth.
Use of references and citations: at least six (6) proper references should be used correctly, cited in the text, and listed in the references using proper APA format.
Length: The paper should be three to four pages – the body of the paper excluding title page and references page.
NOTE: You can use the transportation resources. You should also do independent research and find at least two additional appropriate references, for a total of at least six.
SLP Resources
Waterways
American Society of Civil Engineers. (2014). Report card for America’s infrastructure.
Infrastructure Report Card.
Retrieved from
http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/fact-sheet/inland-waterways
Texas Transportation Institute. (2009). A Modal Comparison Of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects On The General Public, retrieved from
http://www.nationalwaterwaysfoundation.org/study/FinalReportTTI.pdf
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (2014). The U.S. Waterway System, Transportation Facts & Information; Navigation Center. Retrieved from
http://www.navigationdatacenter.us/factcard/factcard12.pdf
Railroads
Bureau of Transportation Statistics (Rail), retrieved from
https://www.bts.gov/topics/rail
USDOT (2012). Freight rail: data & resources. Retrieved on 20 Sep 2016 from
https://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0365
American Association of Railroads. Ret.
In this module the student will present writing which focuses attent.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this module the student will present writing which focuses attention on himself or herself (personal writing). We will start into college composition by reading a series of essays that explore the rhetorical modes of narration and decscription. If you think about your own lives, you'll note the importance of the stories that surround you. Think of your family's story, your friends' stories, and your very own story. Think of the detail that constitute these stories, of how they engage your sense of taste, touch, sound, smell, and sight. This module will focus on how you can better craft your own story and share it with others.
Competencies Addressed in this Module:
Competency #1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the writing process by:
Choosing and limiting a subject that can be sufficiently developed within a given time, for a specific purpose, for a specific purpose and audience.
Developing and refining pre-writing and planning skills.ormulating the main point to reflect the subject and purpose of the writing.
Formulating the main point to reflect the subject and purpose of the writing.
Supporting the main point with specific details and arranging them logically.
Writing an effective conclusion.
Competency #3: The student will demonstrate the ability to proofread, edit, and revise by:
Recognizing and correcting errors in clarity
Recognizing and correcting errors in unity and coherence.
Using conventional sentence structure and correcting sentence errors such as fragments, run-ons, comma splices, misplaced modifiers and faulty parallelism.
Recognizing and correcting errors in utilizing the conventions of Standard American English including:
Using standard verb forms and consistent tense.
Maintaining agreement between subject and verb, pronoun and antecedent.
Using proper case forms--consistent point of view.
Using standard spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.
Selecting vocabulary appropriate to audience, purpose, and occasion.
Aditional inf: I am a woma. I am 25 years old. I have a husband and a one year old son
.
In this module, we looked at a variety of styles in the Renaissa.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this module, we looked at a variety of styles in the Renaissance in Italy. Artists like Botticelli, Bellini, Michelangelo, and Bronzino all incorporated Renaissance characteristics into their works, and yet their works look different from each other.
To address form and content in the artistic developments and trends that took place in the Renaissance, look closely at examples from each of these artists.
Choose one painting by one of the artists listed above, and identify characteristics and techniques of the Renaissance style.
Then, address how the work departed from typical Renaissance formulas to become signature to that artist's particular style.
Finally, why did you select this artist? What draws you to their work?
.
In this experiential learning experience, you will evaluate a health.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this experiential learning experience, you will evaluate a healthcare plan using the attached worksheet. The selected plan can be your own health insurance or another plan.
Step 1
Use published information on the selected health insurance plan to complete the
assignment 5.1 worksheet
.
Step 2
Create a 7-10 slide Power Point presentation to include the following:
Introduction to the plan, including geographic boundaries
Major coverage inclusions and exclusions (Medical, Dental, Vision etc.)
Costs to consumer for insurance under the plan (include premiums, deductibles, copays, prescription costs)
Health insurance plan ratings if available. If no ratings are found for this plan, include a possible explanation for this situation.
Evaluation of the health insurance plan-include your evaluation of this plan from two standpoints:
a consumer-focused on costs, coverage, and ease of use
a public health nurse- focused on access to care for populations and improving health outcomes.
Cite all sources in APA format on a reference slide and with on-slide citations.
.
In this essay you should combine your practice responding and analyz.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this essay you should combine your practice responding and analyzing short stories with support derived from research. So far in class, we have practiced primarily formal analysis. Now I want you to practice "joining the conversation." In this essay you will write a literary analysis that incorporates the ideas of others. The trick is to accurately present ideas and interpretations gathered from your research while adding to the conversation by presenting
your own
ideas and analysis.
You will be evaluated based on how well you use external sources. I want to see that you can quote, paraphrase and summarize without plagiarizing. Remember, any unique idea must be credited, even if you put it in your own words.
Choose one of the approaches explained in the "Approaches to Literary Analysis" located at the bottom of this document. Each approach will require research, and that research should provide the context in which you present your own ideas and support your thesis. Be sure to properly document your research. Review the information, notes, and pamphlets I have distributed in class as these will help guide you.
While I am asking you to conduct outside research, do not lose sight of the primary text to which you are responding---the story! Your research should support
your
interpretations of the story. Be sure that your thesis is relevant to the story and that you quote generously from the story.
Purpose:
critical analysis, Argument, writing from sources
Length:
approx 1200 words
Documentation:
Minimum of 4 sources required (one primary source—the story or poem analyzed, and three secondary, peer reviewed journals). (Note: review the material in "finding and evaluating sources.ppt" to help you choose relevant and trustworthy sources.)
Choose from the following short stories:
The Lottery,
Shirley Jackson
A Rose for Emily,
William Faulkner
The Dead
, James Joyce
The Veldt
, Ray Bradbury
Hills Like White Elephants,
Ernest Hemingway
The Cask of Amontillado or The Tell-Tale Heart,
Edgar Allen Poe
Below are some examples.
They are just here to give you an idea of the type of approaches that will work for this essay.
1. Philosophical analysis: How do the stories by Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus reflect the philosophy of existentialism?
2. Socio/cultural analysis: What opinion about marriage and gender roles does Hemingway advance in "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber"?
3. Historical analysis:: What social dilemmas faced by African Americans in the 1960s might have inspired Toni Cade Bambara to write "The Lesson"?
4. Biographical analysis: What events in Salman Rushdie's life might have influenced the events in "At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers"?
5. Psychological analysis: How is John Cheever's "The Swimmer" a metaphor for the psychology of addiction?
Approaches to Literary analysis
Formal analysis
- This type of analysis focuses on the formal elements of the work (language.
In this Discussion, pick one film to write about and answer ques.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this Discussion, pick one film to write about and answer questions below the film descriptions. If it has been a while since you have seen these films, they are available through online sources and various rental outlets. Although I have provided links to some of the films, I cannot guarantee they are still operable. If the links do not work, try your own online sources.
Dances with Wolves
(1990). Lt. John Dunbar (Kevin Costner) is assigned to the Western frontier on his own request after an act of bravery. He finds himself at an abandoned outpost. At first he maintains strict order using the methods and practices taught to him by the military, but as the film progresses, he makes friends with a nearby Native American tribe, and his perceptions of the military, the frontier, and Native Americans change dramatically.
Working Girl
(1988) Tess McGill (Melanie Griffith) works as a secretary for a large firm involved in acquiring media corporations such as radio and television. When her boss has a skiing accident, Tess gets a chance to use her own ideas and research, ideas that she has been keeping within herself for years – ideas that are arguably better, and more insightful into mass media practices, than her boss’s ideas were.
Schindler’s List
(1993). In Poland during World War II, Oskar Schindler (Liam Neeson) gradually becomes concerned for his Jewish workforce after witnessing their persecution by the Nazis. He initially was motivated by profit, but as the war progressed he began to sympathize with his Jewish workers and attempted to save them. He was credited with saving over 1000 Jews from extermination. (Based on a true story.)
Gran Torino
(2008). Walt Kowalski (Clint Eastwood), a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world. Walt's young neighbor, an Asian American, is pressured into stealing Walt's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino by his cousin for his initiation into a gang. Walt thwarts the theft and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family.
Describe the specific theories, assumptions, or “schools of thought” that the characters in the film have. How do their schools of thought differ?
How do the main characters change over the course of a film? How do their goals or desires change? Do they see themselves differently by the end of the film?
Which reflective theory from the course best illustrates the process the main characters go through during the film? How so?
Would you say that the main characters evolved or grew after learning something that was new, or a new approach, a new theory, or a new understanding of their place in the world?
I suggest that you refrain from reiterating the plotline. Rather, stay focused on character changes and the influences on those changes. Be sure to refer to the readings; use proper citations! This discussion will be scored based on the
Grading Rubric for Discussions
Please include the name of your film in the d.
In this assignment, you will identify and interview a family who.docxwhitneyleman54422
This assignment requires students to interview a family experiencing stress from a new life event such as a baby, job change, or divorce. Students must obtain written consent from the family, agree not to publish any identifying information, and use the information only for classroom purposes. During the interview, students will gather details about the family, the history and cause of their stress, how family members responded to life events, family dynamics, strengths, coping strategies, and goals. Students will then analyze the family using research and theory, provide recommendations for support resources, and reflect on communication skills used during the interview. The final paper will be 6-8 pages following APA format.
In this assignment, you will assess the impact of health legisla.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment, you will assess the impact of health legislation on nursing practice and communicate your analysis to your peers. GovTrack.us provides a list of federal health bills that are currently in process in Congressional Committees.
CO4: Integrates clinical nursing judgment using effective communication strategies with patients, colleagues, and other healthcare providers. (PO#4)
CO7: Integrates the professional role of leader, teacher, communicator, and manager of care to plan cost-effective, quality healthcare to consumers in structured and unstructured settings. (PO#7)
.
In this assignment, you will create a presentation. Select a topic o.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment, you will create a presentation. Select a topic of your choice from any subject we have covered in this course.
TOPICS..
INTERNET
COMPUTERS
MOBILE AND GAME DEVICES
DATA AND INFORMATION
THE WEB
DIGITAL SECURITY AND PRIVACY
PROGRAMS AND APPS
COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS
TECHNOLOGY USERS
THE INTERNET
GRAPHICS AND MEDIA APPLICATIONS
FILE, DISK AND SYSTEM MANAGEMENT TOOLS
PROCESSORS
CLOUD COMPUTING
ADAPTERS
POWER SUPPLY AND BATTERIES
WIRELESS SECURITY
Explain why you select this topic.
Explain why this topic is important.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your select topic.
Include any other information you might thing is relative to your topic.
Your presentation should be a minimum of 15-20 slides in length. Include the title, references, images, graphics, and diagrams.
.
In this assignment, the student will understand the growth and devel.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment, the student will understand the growth and development of executive leadership by looking at the dynamics between the president and Congress in the period from the founding to the Spanish-American War. In a 6–8- page paper, the student will focus on: 1) how presidents pursued international relations, 2) how presidents were able to project force, and 3) congressional restrictions on presidential actions. The student may write about the president of his/her choice.
.
In this assignment, I want you to locate two pieces of news detailin.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment, I want you to locate two pieces of news detailing how an organization is responding to the COVID-19 crisis. You will turn this assignment into me via a Word Document attached to a separate email titled "extra credit assignment, Your Name" with your actual name in the subject line so I know to save the email for grading.
You need to analyze how businesses are handling the current COVID-19 crisis and I want to see if you can track down a press release from the organization, an email to their stakeholders, or even a screenshot of their website in which they explicitly address the actions they are taking in light of this new world we find ourselves in. However, the screenshots, hyperlinks to news stories, etc. are only one component of the assignment, your analysis is far and away from the more important component. Once you have tracked down two examples of how a business/organization is responding to the COVID-19 crisis, I want you to tell me how effective you perceive its action to be. Use any of the vocabulary or concepts that we have learned thus far in the semester to support your analysis. For example, is the business/organization using appropriate new media platforms to reach stakeholders? Is communication timely? Is the organization's tone sincere? What could have been done better? I am expecting one page, double-spaced for the length of your analysis, APA format. The images and or hyperlinks you compile will not be counted towards the length of your writing.
.
In this assignment worth 150 points, you will consider the present-d.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment worth 150 points, you will consider the present-day relevance of history with a current event from a legitimate news source (your instructor will provide several options to choose from) and do the following: (1) summarize the article¿s main idea in a paragraph (5 sentences minimum), (2) write two paragraphs in which you utilize your textbook and notes to analyze how your current event selection relates to the past.
the topics are below, just choose one of the topic from list below..
Neanderthals and string
Neanderthals Left Africa Sooner Than We Think?
Discovery of Neanderthal Skeleton and Burial
Searching for Nefertiti
Discovery of Donkeys Used in Polo (Ancient China)
Ancient Maya Capital Found in Backyard
Long Lost Greek City Found
Ancient Roman Weapon
Viking Burial Discovery
Saving Timbuktu's Treasures
.
In the readings thus far, the text identified many early American in.docxwhitneyleman54422
In the readings thus far, the text identified many early American interests in the Middle East from geopolitical to missionary. Using the text and your own research, compare these early interests with contemporary American interests in the Middle East.
In particular, how has becoming 1) a global hegemon after WWII and 2) the concurrent process of ‘secularization’ transformed American foreign policy thought and behavior toward Israel and the Middle East region generally? What themes have remained constant and what appear new? Would you attribute changes more to America’s new geopolitical role after WWII, or to the increasing secularization of American society? Explain carefully. In 500 words
.
In the Roman Colony, leaders, or members of the court, were to be.docxwhitneyleman54422
In the Roman Colony, leaders, or members of the court, were to be:
•Local elites•Be freeborn•Between the ages of 22 – 55•Community resident•Moral integrity
From the members, two were chosen as unpaid chief magistrates (Judges). They would have to “buy into” that position, but the recognition was worth the financial output. This week's discussion prompter is:
Money alone influences others. Please analyze and critically discuss.
In your response, remember that all this is about leadership, the context which is set in Rome.
.
In the provided scenario there are a few different crimes being .docxwhitneyleman54422
In the provided scenario there are a few different crimes being committed and each could be argued multiple ways.
Steve could be charged with attempted murder. He was stabbing Michelle in the chest repeatedly. Due to the details of the scenario his charge could only be attempted because Michelle got up from the attack and charged Stacy. If she later died from her injuries Steve would/could be charged with murder. Even though he was “visibly drunk” he still maintained the purposely, knowing, or reckless intent to cause harm. He was coherent enough to make statements to her about how much he loved her, but still showed an extreme indifference to life and intent cause serious bodily harm. The biggest obstacle to a murder charge for Steve is his death. He cannot be charged with anything if he cannot be alive to defend himself. This takes care of the Steve factor.
Initially Stacy could be found guilty of murder. She knowingly and intentionally took the life of another (Steve). She also expresses an intent to kill when she stated, “I have had enough of you Steve”. From the scenario it is documented that she did not care for Steve and along with her statements, it can be shown that she was “just waiting for the opportunity” to kill Steve. In her favor is the fact that she attempted to stop Steve from harming another person. Her actions, while resulting in the death of another, were in the defense of a harmed person. She possibly saved the life of Michelle by using reasonable force to stop the stabbing.
Michelle could be charged with attempted murder as well. She stabbed Stacey in the chest while screaming, “how dare you”. She intended to cause death or serious physical injury. Again, if Stacey died from the wounds suffered, Michelle could/would be charged with murder. It could also be argued that Michelle had no malice aforethought. She was being stabbed and may not have known her actions were wrong. Her extreme circumstance clouded her reasonable decision making and all she was aware of is that her boyfriend, whom she loved, was just killed. This is unlikely but still a small possibility. Without more facts from the scenario it is difficult to fully play out all possibilities.
respond to this discussion question in 150 words no references please
.
STOP THE MEETING MADNESS HOW TO FREE UP TIME FOR ME.docxwhitneyleman54422
STOP
THE
MEETING
MADNESS
HOW TO FREE UP TIME FOR
MEANINGFUL WORK
BY LESLIE A. PERLOW, CONSTANCE NOONAN HADLEY, AND EUNICE EUN
SHARE THIS ARTICLE. HBR LINK MAKES IT EASY.
SEE PAGE 41 FOR INSTRUCTIONS.
FEATURE STOP THE MEETING MADNESS
62 HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW JULY–AUGUST 2017
EL
EN
A
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LI
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VA
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ET
TY
IM
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JULY–AUGUST 2017 HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW 63
P
Poking fun at meetings is the stuff of Dilbert car-
toons—we can all joke about how soul-sucking and
painful they are. But that pain has real consequences
for teams and organizations. In our interviews with
hundreds of executives, in fields ranging from high
tech and retail to pharmaceuticals and consulting,
many said they felt overwhelmed by their meetings—
whether formal or informal, traditional or agile, face-
to-face or electronically mediated. One said, “I cannot
get my head above water to breathe during the week.”
Another described stabbing her leg with a pencil to
stop from screaming during a particularly torturous
staff meeting. Such complaints are supported by re-
search showing that meetings have increased in length
and frequency over the past 50 years, to the point
where executives spend an average of nearly 23 hours
a week in them, up from less than 10 hours in the
1960s. And that doesn’t even include all the impromptu
gatherings that don’t make it onto the schedule.
Much has been written about this problem, but the
solutions posed are usually discrete: Establish a clear
agenda, hold your meeting standing up, delegate
someone to attend in your place, and so on. We’ve
observed in our research and consulting that real im-
provement requires systemic change, because meet-
ings affect how people collaborate and how they get
their own work done.
Yet change of such scope is rarely considered. When
we probed into why people put up with the strain that
meetings place on their time and sanity, we found
something surprising: Those who resent and dread
meetings the most also defend them as a “necessary
evil”—sometimes with great passion. Consider this
excerpt from the corporate blog of a senior executive
in the pharmaceutical industry:
I believe that our abundance of meetings at our
company is the Cultural Tax we pay for the inclusive,
learning environment that we want to foster…
and I’m ok with that. If the alternative to more
meetings is more autocratic decision-making, less
input from all levels throughout the organization,
and fewer opportunities to ensure alignment and
communication by personal interaction, then give
me more meetings any time!
To be sure, meetings are essential for enabling col-
laboration, creativity, and innovation. They often foster
relationships and ensure proper information exchange.
They provide real benefits. But why would anyone ar-
gue in defense of excessive meetings, especially when
no one likes them much?
Because executives want to be good soldiers. When
they sacrifice their own .
Stoichiometry Lab – The Chemistry Behind Carbonates reacting with .docxwhitneyleman54422
Stoichiometry Lab – The Chemistry Behind Carbonates reacting with Vinegar
Objectives: To visually observe what a limiting reactant is.
To measure the change in mass during a chemical reaction due to loss of a gas.
To calculate CO2 loss and compare actual loss to expected CO2 loss predicted by the balanced chemical equation.
Materials needed: Note: Plan ahead as you’ll need to let Part 1 sit for at least 24 hours.
plastic beaker graduated cylinder
electronic balance 2 eggs
1 plastic cup baking soda (5 g)
dropper vinegar (500mL)
2 identical cups or glasses (at least 500 mL)
Safety considerations: Safety goggles are highly recommended for this lab as baking soda and vinegar chemicals can be irritating to the eyes. If your skin becomes irritated from contact with these chemicals, rinse with cool water for 15 minutes.
Introduction:
The reaction between baking soda and vinegar is a fun activity for young people. Most children (and adults!) enjoy watching the foamy eruption that occurs upon mixing these two household substances. The reaction has often been used for erupting volcanoes in elementary science classes. The addition of food coloring makes it even more fun. The reaction involves an acid-base reaction that produces a gas (CO2). Acid-base reactions typically involve the transfer of a hydrogen ion (H+) from the acid (HA) to the base (B−):
HA + B− --> A− + BH (eq #1)
acid base
The base often (although not always) carries a negative charge. The acid usually (although not always) becomes negatively charged through the course of the reaction because it lost an H+. An example of a typical acid base reaction is below:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) (eq #2)
The reaction is actually taking place between the hydrogen ion (H+) and the hydroxide ion (OH−). The chloride and sodium are spectator ions. To write the reaction in the same form as eq #1:
HCl(aq) + OH- --> Cl- + H2O (l) (eq #3)
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) will dissociate in water to form sodium ion (Na+) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3−).
NaHCO3 --> Na+ + HCO3− (eq #4)
Vinegar is usually a 5% solution of acetic acid in water. The bicarbonate anion (HCO3−) can act as a base, accepting a hydrogen ion from the acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in the vinegar. The Na+ is just a spectator ion and does nothing.
HCO3− + HC2H3O2 --> H2CO3 + C2H3O2− (eq#5)
Bicarbonate acetic acid carbonic acid acetate ion
The carbonic acid that is formed (H2CO3) decomposes to form water and carbon dioxide:
H2CO3 --> H2O(l) + CO2(g) (eq#6)
carbonic acid water carbon dioxide
The latter reaction (production of carbon dioxide) accounts for the bubbles and the foaming that is observed upon mixing vinegar and baki.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Some Factors That Influence Consumers’ Buying Behavior Yo.docx
1. Some Factors That Influence Consumers’ Buying Behavior
You’ve been a consumer with purchasing power for much
longer than you probably realize—since the first
time you were asked which cereal or toy you wanted. Over the
years, you’ve developed rules of thumb or mental
shortcuts providing a systematic way to choose among
alternatives, even if you aren’t aware of it. Other consumers
follow a similar process, but different people, no matter how
similar they are, make different purchasing decisions.
You might be very interested in purchasing a Smart Car, but
your best friend might want to buy a Ford F-150 truck.
What factors influenced your decision and what factors
influenced your friend’s decision?
While some influences may be temporary and others are long
lasting, different factors can affect how buyers
behave—whether they influence you to make a purchase, buy
additional products, or buy nothing at all. Let’s now
look at some of the influences on consumer behavior in more
detail.
Situational Factors
Have you ever been in a department story and couldn’t find
2. your way out? No, you aren’t
necessarily directionally challenged. Marketing professionals
take physical factors such as a store’s
design and layout into account when they are designing their
facilities. Presumably, the longer you
wander around a facility, the more you will spend. Grocery
stores frequently place bread and milk
products on the opposite ends of the stores because people often
need both types of products. To buy
both, they have to walk around an entire store, which of course,
is loaded with other items they might
see and purchase.
Store locations also influence behavior. Starbucks has done a
good job in terms of locating its
stores. It has the process down to a science; you can scarcely
drive a few miles down the road without
passing a Starbucks. You can also buy cups of Starbucks coffee
at many grocery stores and in
airports—virtually any place where there is foot traffic.
Physical factors that firms can control, such as the layout of a
store, music played at stores, the
lighting, temperature, and even the smells you experience are
called atmospherics. Perhaps you’ve
3. visited the office of an apartment complex and noticed how
great it looked and even smelled. It’s no
coincidence. The managers of the complex were trying to get
you to stay for a while and have a look at
their facilities. Research shows that “strategic fragrancing”
results in customers staying in stores
longer, buying more, and leaving with better impressions of the
quality of stores’ services and
products. Mirrors near hotel elevators are another example.
Hotel operators have found that when
people are busy looking at themselves in the mirrors, they don’t
feel like they are waiting as long for
their elevators.Patricia Moore, “Smells Sell,” NZ Business,
February 2008, 26–27.
Not all physical factors are under a company’s control,
however. Take weather, for example.
Rainy weather can be a boon to some companies, like umbrella
makers such as Totes, but a problem
for others. Beach resorts, outdoor concert venues, and golf
courses suffer when it is raining heavily.
Businesses such as automobile dealers also have fewer
customers. Who wants to shop for a car in the
rain?
4. Firms often attempt to deal with adverse physical factors such
as bad weather by offering
specials during unattractive times. For example, many resorts
offer consumers discounts to travel to
beach locations during hurricane season. Having an online
presence is another way to cope with
weather-related problems. What could be more comfortable than
shopping at home? If it’s raining too
hard to drive to the GAP, REI, or Abercrombie & Fitch, you can
buy products from these companies
and many others online. You can shop online for cars, too, and
many restaurants take orders online
and deliver.
Crowding is another situational factor. Have you ever left a
store and not purchased anything
because it was just too crowded? Some studies have shown that
consumers feel better about retailers
who attempt to prevent overcrowding in their stores. However,
other studies have shown that to a
certain extent, crowding can have a positive impact on a
person’s buying experience. The
phenomenon is often referred to as “herd behavior.”Carol J.
Gaumer and William C. Leif, “Social
5. Facilitation: Affect and Application in Consumer Buying
Situations,” Journal of Food Products
Marketing 11, no. 1 (2005): 75–82.
If people are lined up to buy something, you want to know
why. Should you get in line to buy it
too? Herd behavior helped drive up the price of houses in the
mid-2000s before the prices for them
rapidly fell. Unfortunately, herd behavior has also led to the
deaths of people. In 2008, a store
employee was trampled to death by an early morning crowd
rushing into a Walmart to snap up
holiday bargains.
Social Situation
The social situation you’re in can significantly affect your
purchase behavior. Perhaps you have
seen Girl Scouts selling cookies outside grocery stores and
other retail establishments and purchased
nothing from them, but what if your neighbor’s daughter is
selling the cookies? Are you going to turn
6. her down or be a friendly neighbor and buy a box (or two)?
Companies like Pampered Chef that sell their products at
parties understand that the social
situation makes a difference. When you’re at a friend’s
Pampered Chef party, you don’t want to look
cheap or disappoint your friend by not buying anything. Certain
social situations can also make you
less willing to buy products. You might spend quite a bit of
money each month eating at fast-food
restaurants like McDonald’s and Subway. Where do you take
someone for your first date? Some
people might take a first date to Subway, but other people
would perhaps choose a restaurant that’s
more upscale. Likewise, if you have turned down a drink or
dessert on a date because you were
worried about what the person you were with might have
thought, your consumption was affected by
your social situation.Anna S. Matilla and Jochen Wirtz, “The
Role of Store Environmental Stimulation
and Social Factors on Impulse Purchasing,” Journal of Services
Marketing 22, no. 7 (2008): 562–67.
Time
The time of day, time of year, and how much time consumers
feel like they have to shop affect
7. what they buy. Researchers have even discovered whether
someone is a “morning person” or “evening
person” affects shopping patterns. Have you ever gone to the
grocery store when you are hungry or
after pay day when you have cash in your pocket? When you are
hungry or have cash, you may
purchase more than you would at other times. Seven-Eleven
Japan is a company that’s extremely in
tune to time and how it affects buyers. The company’s point-of-
sale systems at its checkout counters
monitor what is selling well and when, and stores are restocked
with those items immediately—
sometimes via motorcycle deliveries that zip in and out of
traffic along Japan’s crowded streets. The
goal is to get the products on the shelves when and where
consumers want them. Seven-Eleven Japan
also knows that, like Americans, its customers are “time
starved.” Shoppers can pay their utility bills,
local taxes, and insurance or pension premiums at Seven-Eleven
Japan stores, and even make
photocopies.Allan Bird, “Retail Industry,” Encyclopedia of
Japanese Business and
Management(London: Routledge, 2002), 399–400.
8. Companies worldwide are aware of people’s lack of time and
are finding ways to accommodate them.
Some doctors’ offices offer drive-through shots for patients who
are in a hurry and for elderly patients
who find it difficult to get out of their cars. Tickets.com allows
companies to sell tickets by sending
them to customers’ mobile phones when they call in. The
phones’ displays are then read by barcode
scanners when the ticket purchasers arrive at the events they’re
attending. Likewise, if you need
customer service from Amazon.com, there’s no need to wait on
the telephone. If you have an account
with Amazon, you just click a button on the company’s Web site
and an Amazon representative calls
you immediately.
Mood
Have you ever felt like going on a shopping spree? At other
times wild horses couldn’t drag you
to a mall. People’s moods temporarily affect their spending
patterns. Some people enjoy shopping. It’s
entertaining for them. At the extreme are compulsive spenders
who get a temporary “high” from
9. spending.
A sour mood can spoil a consumer’s desire to shop. The crash
of the U.S. stock market in 2008
left many people feeling poorer, leading to a dramatic downturn
in consumer spending. Penny
pinching came into vogue, and conspicuous spending was out.
Costco and Walmart experienced
heightened sales of their low-cost Kirkland Signature and Great
Value brands as consumers
scrimped.“Wal-Mart Unveils Plans for Own-Label Revamp,”
Financial Times, March 17, 2009,
15. Saks Fifth Avenue wasn’t so lucky. Its annual release of
spring fashions usually leads to a feeding
frenzy among shoppers, but spring 2009 was different. “We’ve
definitely seen a drop-off of this idea of
shopping for entertainment,” says Kimberly Grabel, Saks Fifth
Avenue’s senior vice president of
marketing.Stephanie Rosenbloom (New York Times News
Service), “Where Have All the Shoppers
Gone?” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March 18, 2009, 5E. To get
buyers in the shopping mood,
companies resorted to different measures. The upscale retailer
Neiman Marcus began introducing
more mid-priced brands. By studying customer’s loyalty cards,
10. the French hypermarket Carrefour
hoped to find ways to get its customers to purchase nonfood
items that have higher profit margins.
The glum mood wasn’t bad for all businesses though.
Discounters like Half-Priced books saw
their sales surge. So did seed sellers as people began planting
their own gardens. Finally, what about
those products (Aqua Globes, Snuggies, and Ped Eggs) you see
being hawked on television? Their
sales were the best ever. Apparently, consumers too broke to go
on vacation or shop at Saks were
instead watching television and treating themselves to the
products.Alyson Ward, “Products of Our
Time,”Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March 7, 2009, 1E.
Personal Factors
Personality and Self-Concept
Personality describes a person’s disposition, helps show why
people are different, and
encompasses a person’s unique traits. The “Big Five”
personality traits that psychologists discuss
frequently include openness or how open you are to new
experiences, conscientiousness or how
11. diligent you are, extraversion or how outgoing or shy you are,
agreeableness or how easy you are
to get along with, and neuroticism or how prone you are to
negative mental states.
Do personality traits predict people’s purchasing behavior? Can
companies successfully target
certain products to people based on their personalities? How do
you find out what personalities
consumers have? Are extraverts wild spenders and introverts
penny pinchers?
The link between people’s personalities and their buying
behavior is somewhat unclear. Some
research studies have shown that “sensation seekers,” or people
who exhibit extremely high levels of
openness, are more likely to respond well to advertising that’s
violent and graphic. The problem for
firms is figuring out “who’s who” in terms of their
personalities.
Marketers have had better luck linking people’s self-concepts
to their buying behavior.
Your self-concept is how you see yourself—be it positive or
negative. Your ideal self is how you
would like to see yourself—whether it’s prettier, more popular,
more eco-conscious, or more “goth,”
12. and others’ self-concept, or how you think others see you, also
influences your purchase behavior.
Marketing researchers believe people buy products to enhance
how they feel about themselves—to get
themselves closer to their ideal selves.
The slogan “Be All That You Can Be,” which for years was
used by the U.S. Army to recruit
soldiers, is an attempt to appeal to the self-concept.
Presumably, by joining the U.S. Army, you will
become a better version of yourself, which will, in turn,
improve your life. Many beauty products and
cosmetic procedures are advertised in a way that’s supposed to
appeal to the ideal self people seek. All
of us want products that improve our lives.
Lifestyle
If you have ever watched the television show Wife Swap, you
can see that despite people’s
similarities (e.g., being middle-class Americans who are
married with children), their lifestyles can
differ radically. To better understand and connect with
consumers, companies interview or ask people
13. to complete questionnaires about their lifestyles or their
activities, interests, and opinions (often
referred to as AIO statements). Consumers are not only asked
about products they like, where they
live, and what their gender is but also about what they do—that
is, how they spend their time and
what their priorities, values, opinions, and general outlooks on
the world are. Where do they go other
than work? Who do they like to talk to? What do they talk
about? Researchers hired by Procter &
Gamble have gone so far as to follow women around for weeks
as they shop, run errands, and socialize
with one another.Robert Berner, “Detergent Can Be So Much
More,” BusinessWeek, May 1, 2006, 66–
68. Other companies have paid people to keep a daily journal of
their activities and routines.
A number of research organizations examine lifestyle and
psychographic characteristics of
consumers.Psychographics combines the lifestyle traits of
consumers and their personality styles with
an analysis of their attitudes, activities, and values to determine
groups of consumers with similar
characteristics. One of the most widely used systems to classify
people based on psychographics is the
14. VALS (Values, Attitudes, and Lifestyles) framework. Using
VALS to combine psychographics with
demographic information such as marital status, education level,
and income provide a better
understanding of consumers.
MOTIVATION : Following the economic crisis that began in
2008, the sales of new automobiles
dropped sharply virtually everywhere around the world—except
the sales of Hyundai vehicles.
Hyundai understood that people needed to feel secure and safe
and ran an ad campaign that assured
car buyers they could return their vehicles if they couldn’t make
the payments on them without
damaging their credit. Seeing Hyundai’s success, other
carmakers began offering similar programs.
Likewise, banks began offering “worry-free” mortgages to ease
the minds of would-be homebuyers.
For a fee of about $500, First Mortgage Corp., a Texas-based
bank, offered to make a homeowner’s
mortgage payment for six months if he or she got laid
off.Andrea Jares, “New Programs Are Taking
Worries from Home Buying,”Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March
7, 2010, 1C–2C.
While achievement may be a goal for many individuals in the
15. United States, consumers in Eastern
cultures may focus more on belongingness and group needs.
Marketers look at cultural differences in
addition to individual needs. The importance of groups affects
advertising (using groups versus
individuals) and product decisions.
Attitude
Attitudes are “mental positions” or emotional feelings,
favorable or unfavorable evaluations,
and action tendencies people have about products, services,
companies, ideas, issues, or institutions.
Attitudes tend to be enduring, and because they are based on
people’s values and beliefs, they are
hard to change. Companies want people to have positive
feelings about their offerings. A few years
ago, KFC began running ads to the effect that fried chicken was
healthy—until the U.S. Federal Trade
Commission told the company to stop. Wendy’s slogan that its
products are “way better than fast
food” is another example. Fast food has a negative connotation,
so Wendy’s is trying to get consumers
to think about its offerings as being better.
17. Culture is a handed down way of life and is often considered the
broadest influence on a consumer’s
behavior. Your culture prescribes the way in which you should
live and has a huge effect on the things
you purchase. For example, in Beirut, Lebanon, women can
often be seen wearing miniskirts. If you’re
a woman in Afghanistan wearing a miniskirt, however, you
could face bodily harm or death. In
Afghanistan women generally wear burqas, which cover them
completely from head to toe. Similarly,
in Saudi Arabia, women must wear what’s called an abaya, or
long black garment. Interestingly,
abayas have become big business in recent years. They come in
many styles, cuts, and fabrics and
some are encrusted with jewels and cost thousands of dollars.
To read about the fashions women in
Muslim countries wear, check out the following
article:http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1210781,
00.html.
Even cultures that share many of the same values as the United
States can be quite different.
Following the meltdown of the financial markets in 2008,
18. countries around the world were pressed by
the United States to engage in deficit spending to stimulate the
worldwide economy. The plan was a
hard sell both to German politicians and to the German people
in general. Most Germans don’t own
credit cards and running up a lot of debt is something people in
that culture generally don’t do. Credit
card companies such as Visa, American Express, and
MasterCard must understand cultural
perceptions about credit.
Subcultures
A subculture is a group of people within a culture who are
different from the dominant culture
but have something in common with one another such as
common interests, vocations or jobs,
religions, ethnic backgrounds, and geographic locations. The
fastest-growing subculture in the United
States consists of people of Hispanic origin, followed by Asian
Americans, and African Americans. The
purchasing power of U.S. Hispanics continues to grow,
exceeding $1 trillion in 2010.“Latino
Purchasing Power Now Pegged at $1 Trillion,” Mariowire.com,
May 4,
19. 2011,http://www.mariowire.com/2011/05/04/latino-purchasing-
power-1-trillion/. Home Depot has
launched a Spanish version of its Web site. Walmart is in the
process of converting some of its
Neighborhood Markets into stores designed to appeal to
Hispanics. The Supermarcado de Walmart
stores are located in Hispanic neighborhoods and feature
elements such as cafés serving Latino
pastries and coffee and full meat and fish counters.Jonathan
Birchall, “Wal-Mart Looks to Hispanic
Market in Expansion Drive,” Financial Times, March 13, 2009,
18. Marketing products based on the
ethnicity of consumers is useful but may become harder to do in
the future because the boundaries
between ethnic groups are blurring.
http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1210781,00.htm
l
http://www.mariowire.com/2011/05/04/latino-purchasing-
power-1-trillion/
Subcultures, such as college students, can develop in response
to people’s interests,
similarities, and behaviors that allow marketing professionals to
design specific products for them.
You have probably heard of the hip-hop subculture, people who
20. in engage in extreme types of sports
such as helicopter skiing or people who play the fantasy game
Dungeons and Dragons.
Social Class
A social class is a group of people who have the same social,
economic, or educational status in
society. While income helps define social class, the primary
variable determining social class is
occupation. To some degree, consumers in the same social class
exhibit similar purchasing behavior.
In many countries, people are expected to marry within their
own social class. When asked, people
tend to say they are middle class, which is not always correct.
Have you ever been surprised to find
out that someone you knew who was wealthy drove a beat-up
old car or wore old clothes and shoes or
that someone who isn’t wealthy owns a Mercedes or other
upscale vehicle? While some products may
appeal to people in a social class, you can’t assume a person is
in a certain social class because they
either have or don’t have certain products or brands.
Keep in mind that the U.S. market is just a fraction of the
world market. The rise of the middle
21. class in India and China is creating opportunities for many
companies to successfully sustain their
products. For example, China has begun to overtake the United
States as the world’s largest auto
market.“More Cars Sold in China than in January,” France 24,
February 10,
2009, http://www.france24.com/en/20090210-more-cars-sold-
china-us-january-auto-
market (accessed October 14, 2009).
Table 3.1 An Example of Social Classes and Buying Patterns
Class Type of Car Definition of Class
Upper-Upper Class Rolls-Royce
People with inherited wealth and aristocratic names (the
Kennedys, Rothschilds,
Windsors, etc.)
Lower-Upper Class Mercedes Professionals such as CEOs,
doctors, and lawyers
Upper-Middle Class Lexus College graduates and managers
Middle Class Toyota Both white-collar and blue-collar workers
Working Class Pontiac Blue-collar workers
Lower but Not the
Lowest
22. Used
Vehicle
People who are working but not on welfare
Lowest Class No vehicle People on welfare
http://www.france24.com/en/20090210-more-cars-sold-china-
us-january-auto-market
http://www.france24.com/en/20090210-more-cars-sold-china-
us-january-auto-market
In a recession when luxury buyers are harder to come by, the
makers of upscale brands may want
their customer bases to be as large as possible. However,
companies don’t want to risk “cheapening”
their brands. That’s why, for example, Smart Cars, which are
made by BMW, don’t have the BMW
label on them. For a time, Tiffany’s sold a cheaper line of silver
jewelry to a lot of customers. However,
the company later worried that its reputation was being
tarnished by the line. Keep in mind that a
product’s price is to some extent determined by supply and
demand. Luxury brands therefore try to
keep the supply of their products in check so their prices remain
high.
23. Some companies, such as Johnnie Walker, have managed to
capture market share by introducing
“lower echelon” brands without damaging their luxury brands.
The company’s whiskeys come in
bottles with red, green, blue, black, and gold labels. The blue
label is the company’s best product.
Every blue-label bottle has a serial number and is sold in a silk-
lined box, accompanied by a certificate
of authenticity.“Johnnie Walker,”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnnie_Walker (accessed October
14, 2009).
Reference Groups and Opinion Leaders
Reference groups are groups (social groups, work groups,
family, or close friends) a consumer
identifies with and may want to join. They influence consumers’
attitudes and behavior. If you have
ever dreamed of being a professional player of basketball or
another sport, you have an aspirational
reference group. That’s why, for example, Nike hires celebrities
such as Michael Jordan to pitch the
company’s products. There may also be dissociative groups or
groups where a consumer does not
want to be associated.
24. Today’s companies are using different techniques to reach
opinion leaders. Network analysis using
special software is one way of doing so. Orgnet.com has
developed software for this purpose. Orgnet’s
software doesn’t mine sites like Facebook and LinkedIn,
though. Instead, it’s based on sophisticated
techniques that unearthed the links between Al Qaeda terrorists.
Explains Valdis Krebs, the
company’s founder: “Pharmaceutical firms want to identify who
the key opinion leaders are. They
don’t want to sell a new drug to everyone. They want to sell to
the 60 key oncologists.”Anita Campbell,
“Marketing to Opinion Leaders,” Small Business Trends, June
28,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnnie_Walker
2004,http://smallbiztrends.com/2004/06/marketing-to-opinion-
leaders.html (accessed October 13,
2009).
Family
Most market researchers consider a person’s family to be one
of the most important influences
on their buying behavior. Like it or not, you are more like your
parents than you think, at least in
25. terms of your consumption patterns. Many of the things you buy
and don’t buy are a result of what
your parents bought when you were growing up. Products such
as the brand of soap and toothpaste
your parents bought and used, and even the “brand” of politics
they leaned toward (Democratic or
Republican) are examples of the products you may favor as an
adult.
Companies are interested in which family members have the
most influence over certain
purchases. Children have a great deal of influence over many
household purchases. For example, in
2003 nearly half (47 percent) of nine- to seventeen-year-olds
were asked by parents to go online to
find out about products or services, compared to 37 percent in
2001. IKEA used this knowledge to
design their showrooms. The children’s bedrooms feature fun
beds with appealing comforters so
children will be prompted to identify and ask for what they
want.“Teen Market Profile,” Mediamark
Research,
2003,http://www.magazine.org/content/files/teenprofile04.pdf
(accessed December 4,
2009).
26. Marketing to children has come under increasing scrutiny.
Some critics accuse companies of
deliberately manipulating children to nag their parents for
certain products. For example, even
though tickets for Hannah Montana concerts ranged from
hundreds to thousands of dollars, the
concerts often still sold out. However, as one writer put it,
exploiting “pester power” is not always
ultimately in the long-term interests of advertisers if it alienates
kids’ parents.Ray Waddell, “Miley
Strikes Back,”Billboard, June 27, 2009, 7–8.
excerpt from “Factors That Influence Consumers’ Buying
Behavior”, section 3.1 from the book Marketing Principles
http://smallbiztrends.com/2004/06/marketing-to-opinion-
leaders.html
http://www.magazine.org/content/files/teenprofile04.pdf
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/marketing-principles-
v2.0/index.html