Antibiotics are commonly prescribed by dentists to treat and prevent infections. The most common antibiotics prescribed are penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracyclines. Penicillin is often the first line treatment and works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall formation. While antibiotics are generally safe and effective, overuse has led to increasing antibiotic resistance, so they should only be used for indicated infections. Dentists carefully consider risks and benefits when determining whether antibiotics are appropriate for a patient's specific condition.

1. "
Antibiotics in Dentistry
Some
"
 Introduction
substance active
antimicrobial
is a type of
Antibiotic
*
and is the most important type of antibacterial
bacteria
against
.
fections
bacterial in
agent for fighting
*Antibiotics are prescribed by dentists for treatment as well as
prevention of infection. Indications for the use of systemic
antibiotics in dentistry are limited, since most dental and
periodontal diseases are best managed by operative intervention
and oral hygiene measures.
*Dentists prescribe medications for the management of a
number of oral conditions, mainly orofacial infections. Since
most human orofacial infections originate from odontogenic
infections, the prescribing of antibiotics by dental practitioners
has become an important aspect of dental practice. For this
reason, antibiotics account for the vast majority of medicines
prescribed by dentists. Dentists prescribe between 7% and 11%
of all common antibiotics .
*Antibiotic prescribing may be associated with unfavorable side
effects ranging from gastrointestinal disturbances to fatal
anaphylactic shock and development of resistance. The
increasing resistance problems of recent years are probably
related to over- or mis-use of broad-spectrum agents. We have
now entered an era where some bacterial species are resistant to
the full range of antibiotics presently available, with the

2. methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusbeing the most
widely known example of extensive resistance.
indicated clinical cases for antibiotic use include acute
-
Non
*
periapical infection, dry socket, and pulpitis.Chronic
inflammatory periodontal conditions are also not indicated for
.
antibiotics
ystemic antimicrobials should only be used in acute
*S
periodontal conditions where drainage or debridement is
impossible, where there is local spread of the infection or where
systemic upset has occurred.
*Another use of antibiotics in dentistry is for preventing bacteria
that are always present on the surface of tissues around teeth
from spreading into the blood. This is especially important in
patients with some types of defective or artificial heart valves
since blood-born bacteria have a tendency to settle on the valves
and cause serious infections. The antibiotics may be given
orally, intramuscularly, or even intravenously. They usually are
begun immediately before the dental surgery and are continued
for no more than a few doses, for example, less than a day or so.
 Commonest Antibiotics Prescribed in
Dental Field
• I):Penicillin
• II):Erythromycin
• III):Tetracycline

3.  I):Penicillin
 Facts :
* Penicillins are a group of antibacterial drugs that attack a wide
range of bacteria. They were the first drugs of this type that
doctors used. The discovery and manufacture of penicillinshave
changed the face of medicine, as these drugs have saved
millions of lives.
are the source of penicillin, which
“
ungi
F
Penicillium
“
*
people can take orally or via injection.
:
are 4 types of penicillins
There
*
-1) The natural penicillins.
-2) Penicillinase-resistance penicillins.
-3) Aminopenicillins ( Ampicillin, Amoxicillin ).
-4) Extended Spectrum Penicillins.
* People across the globe now widely use penicillins to treat
infections and diseases.
*Less than 1 percent of people are dangerously allergic to
penicillin.
 Mechanism of Action :
Lactam Antibiotic , Bactericidal inhibiting formation of
-
Β
*
.
bacterial cell wall
 Dose & Route of Administration:

4. * 250:500 mg tabs/caps , q6h Orally.
* 400000:600000 units , q6h IM .
 Indications :
* Pneumonia, Syphilis, Diphtheria, Anthrax, Streptococcal
Infections-Group A, Bacterial Endocarditis,
Staphylococcal Infections.
 Contraindications :
*Allergy to penicillin,Breast-feeding, Kidney disease,
Bleeding problems, Phenylketonuria, Gastrointestinal
problems.
 Side Effects :
* Diarrhea, Nausea, Headache, Skin Rashes, Joint Pain,
Puffiness & Redness of The Face, Vaginal Itching
&Discharge,Sore Mouth &Tongue, White Patches,
Hallucinations, Yellowing of The Eyes &Skin, Sore
Throat, Diarrhea,Reduced Urination, Vomiting,
Pseudo-membranous colitis.

5.  II):Erythromycin
 Facts:
* Erythromycin belongs to a group of drugs called macrolide
antibiotics.
* Produced by “Streptomyces Erythreus”
* It is usually prescribed when patients have allergies to
penicillin.
 Mechanism of Action :
* Bacteriostatic, inhibit bacterial growth.
 Dose & Route of Administration :
* Tablets 250:500 mg q6h PO.
 Indications :
*Periodontal Abscess, Chronic Periodontitis, Allergy to
Penicillin, Prophylaxis for Bacterial Endocarditis.
 Contraindications :
*Allergy to penicillin,Pregnancy, Lactation, New Born.
 Side Effects :
*Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain, Tinnitus,
Candidasis.

6.  III):Tetracyclines
 Facts :
* Their got their name as they share chemical structure
that has 4 rings.
*Produced by the
“ Streptomyces Genus of Actinobacteria ”.
* Broad spectrum Antibiotic.
* Tetracycline Antibiotics are :
-1) Tetracycline.
-2) Doxycycline.
-3) Minocycline.
-4) Oxytetracycline.
 Mechanism of Action :
* Bacteriostatic Antibiotic, inhibit bacterial growth.
 Dose & Route of Administration :
* PO 250:500 mg q6h.
* IV 250:500 mg q8:12h.
 Indications :
* Chronic Periodontitis, Localized Juvenile Periodontitis,
Periodontal Abscess, Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative-
Gingivitis.
 Contraindications :
* Allergy to Tetracyclines, Pregnancy, Lactation, Children
under 8 years.

7.  Side Effects :
* Teeth discoloration in children, Nephrotoxic,
Hepatotoxic, Candidiasis, Lichenoid drug reaction,
Erythema multiforme, New Born.
 References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1)
https://www.rxlist.com
2)
3)
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com
4) https://reference.medscape.com