This document provides an overview of software engineering principles and practices. It discusses the core goals of software engineering as developing reliable and efficient software that meets customer requirements. It also summarizes key practices like analysis, modeling, planning, construction, testing, and deployment. The document outlines best practices for communication, modeling, construction, testing and other areas of software engineering. It emphasizes principles like keeping solutions simple, planning for reuse, and thinking before acting.
The document discusses key practices in software engineering including communication practices, planning practices, analysis and design modeling practices, construction practices, testing practices, and deployment practices. It provides principles for each practice such as keeping communication focused and documented, estimating realistically, designing for simplicity and traceability, testing exhaustively, and managing customer expectations during deployment. The overall aim is to transform an unfocused approach into one that is organized, effective, and achieves success.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses that software has a dual role as both a product and vehicle to deliver functionality. It defines software as a set of programs, documents, and data that form a configuration. The document outlines different types of software applications and categories. It also discusses software engineering practices such as communication, planning, modeling, construction, and coding principles.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses how software serves both as a product that delivers computing potential and as a vehicle for delivering other products. The document defines what constitutes software and discusses different types of software applications. It also covers software engineering practices, including communication, planning, analysis and design modeling, construction, and principles related to each practice. Overall, the document gives a high-level overview of key concepts in software engineering.
The document discusses core principles of software engineering and requirements engineering. It outlines seven principles proposed by David Hooker for software engineering which focus on adding value to users, keeping designs simple, maintaining vision, considering future maintainers and users, planning for reuse, and applying thorough thought. It then describes the key tasks in requirements engineering as inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation and management. Data modeling is also discussed including defining data objects, attributes, relationships, modality and cardinality.
Function Oriented and Object Oriented Design,Modularization techniquesnimmik4u
Design activity & its objectives – Function Oriented and Object Oriented Design- Modularization techniques - module structure and its representation, interface and information hiding, categories, specific techniques to accommodate change, stepwise refinement, top-down and bottom-up design - Handling anomalies.
This document discusses prescriptive and agile software process models. Prescriptive models emphasize detailed planning to improve quality, manageability, and predictability. However, they can increase bureaucracy if applied rigidly. Agile models prioritize adaptability and are useful for web applications. The document also discusses Polya's problem-solving steps of understanding the problem, planning a solution, carrying out the plan, and examining the results, as well as general principles and myths about software engineering.
This document contains a lecture on software engineering from Dr. Syed Ali Raza. It discusses key topics like the Standish Report, different types of software, challenges in the field, and the importance of ethics. It also summarizes problem-solving approaches and common myths about both developing and managing software projects.
This document provides an overview of software and software engineering. It discusses that software is designed by engineers and used virtually everywhere. It also outlines important questions for software engineers, different types of software applications, challenges in software development, and realities of software engineering. The document emphasizes that software engineering applies systematic and disciplined approaches to develop reliable and efficient software economically. It also summarizes various software engineering processes, activities, principles, and that software is created to meet business needs.
The document discusses key practices in software engineering including communication practices, planning practices, analysis and design modeling practices, construction practices, testing practices, and deployment practices. It provides principles for each practice such as keeping communication focused and documented, estimating realistically, designing for simplicity and traceability, testing exhaustively, and managing customer expectations during deployment. The overall aim is to transform an unfocused approach into one that is organized, effective, and achieves success.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses that software has a dual role as both a product and vehicle to deliver functionality. It defines software as a set of programs, documents, and data that form a configuration. The document outlines different types of software applications and categories. It also discusses software engineering practices such as communication, planning, modeling, construction, and coding principles.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses how software serves both as a product that delivers computing potential and as a vehicle for delivering other products. The document defines what constitutes software and discusses different types of software applications. It also covers software engineering practices, including communication, planning, analysis and design modeling, construction, and principles related to each practice. Overall, the document gives a high-level overview of key concepts in software engineering.
The document discusses core principles of software engineering and requirements engineering. It outlines seven principles proposed by David Hooker for software engineering which focus on adding value to users, keeping designs simple, maintaining vision, considering future maintainers and users, planning for reuse, and applying thorough thought. It then describes the key tasks in requirements engineering as inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation and management. Data modeling is also discussed including defining data objects, attributes, relationships, modality and cardinality.
Function Oriented and Object Oriented Design,Modularization techniquesnimmik4u
Design activity & its objectives – Function Oriented and Object Oriented Design- Modularization techniques - module structure and its representation, interface and information hiding, categories, specific techniques to accommodate change, stepwise refinement, top-down and bottom-up design - Handling anomalies.
This document discusses prescriptive and agile software process models. Prescriptive models emphasize detailed planning to improve quality, manageability, and predictability. However, they can increase bureaucracy if applied rigidly. Agile models prioritize adaptability and are useful for web applications. The document also discusses Polya's problem-solving steps of understanding the problem, planning a solution, carrying out the plan, and examining the results, as well as general principles and myths about software engineering.
This document contains a lecture on software engineering from Dr. Syed Ali Raza. It discusses key topics like the Standish Report, different types of software, challenges in the field, and the importance of ethics. It also summarizes problem-solving approaches and common myths about both developing and managing software projects.
This document provides an overview of software and software engineering. It discusses that software is designed by engineers and used virtually everywhere. It also outlines important questions for software engineers, different types of software applications, challenges in software development, and realities of software engineering. The document emphasizes that software engineering applies systematic and disciplined approaches to develop reliable and efficient software economically. It also summarizes various software engineering processes, activities, principles, and that software is created to meet business needs.
This ppt covers the following topics :-
Introduction
Design quality
Design concepts
The design model
Thus it covers design engineering in software engineering
This document discusses software engineering and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts:
- Software engineering is defined as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. It focuses on practical software development and delivery, whereas computer science focuses more on theory.
- Good software should deliver required functionality, performance, and be maintainable, dependable, usable and acceptable to users.
- A software engineering approach is layered, with quality, process models, methods and tools. Process models define activities for effective delivery. Methods provide tasks for requirements, design, coding and testing. Tools support the process and methods.
- Generic software processes involve communication, planning, modeling, construction and deployment activities in an iterative fashion to develop
This document discusses software engineering methodologies. It begins by defining software and software engineering. It then covers the software development life cycle including processes like requirements analysis, design, development, testing and maintenance. It describes various methodologies like waterfall, prototyping, iterative development and agile. Waterfall is a linear sequential model while agile focuses on rapid iteration, customer collaboration and responding to change. The document compares agile and plan-driven methods, noting their different suitability based on factors like project length, team experience and requirements stability.
The document discusses the differences between analysis modeling and design engineering/modeling. Analysis involves understanding a problem, while design focuses on creating a solution. Models can be used to better understand problems in analysis or solutions in design. The key aspects of design engineering are then outlined, including translating requirements into a software blueprint, iterating on the design, and ensuring quality through guidelines such as modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Common design concepts like abstraction, architecture, patterns, and classes are also explained.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses the objectives of software engineering which include producing high quality software products on time and within budget. Software engineering is defined as applying engineering principles to software development through the use of methods, tools, and techniques. The document then discusses why software engineering principles are needed, especially for large, complex software projects. It provides examples of software engineering failures that occurred when principles were not followed. The rest of the document outlines the software development process, including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It also discusses different process models like waterfall and spiral.
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Design involves modeling the system architecture, interfaces, and components before implementation. This allows assessment and improvement of quality.
- Important design concepts span abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Architecture defines overall structure and interactions. Patterns help solve common problems.
- Separation of concerns and related concepts like modularity and information hiding help decompose problems into independently designed and optimized pieces to improve manageability. Functional independence means each module has a single, well-defined purpose with minimal interaction.
The document discusses key concepts and principles of software design. It begins by defining design as a blueprint for solving problems specified in requirements. Good design implements all requirements, provides a readable guide, and gives a complete picture of the software. The design process has two levels - top-level design of modules and interfaces and detailed design of module internals. The document then covers fundamental design concepts like abstraction, refinement, modularity, architecture, partitioning, data structures, procedures, information hiding, and functional independence. It provides examples and guidelines for applying these concepts to create a high-quality design.
Introduction To Software Concepts Unit 1 & 2Raj vardhan
This document provides an overview of Module 1 of an introduction to software concepts course. It covers the following topics: definitions of software, importance of software, types of software, software components, members involved in software development, and an overview of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Specifically, it defines software, discusses why it is important, lists common software types and components. It also outlines the roles of various members in software development projects, such as subject matter experts, functional analysts, developers, testers, and project managers. Finally, it provides a high-level overview of the waterfall model for the SDLC.
This document provides information about a course on design patterns taught by Dr. Asma Cherif. It includes the course code, instructor details, learning objectives, textbooks, and topics that will be covered such as architectural design, what patterns are, and different types of patterns. Design patterns provide solutions to common software design problems and promote reuse of successful designs. The course aims to help students understand design patterns, identify patterns in code and designs, and implement patterns to design and develop quality software applications.
The design model transforms requirements from the analysis model into a blueprint for constructing the software. It includes four main elements: the data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design. These elements are developed iteratively through increasing levels of abstraction, starting with high-level elements that are traced to requirements and refining into lower-level representations. The design model aims to implement requirements while considering quality guidelines around modularity, patterns, and other design concepts.
This document summarizes the role of an architect and key aspects of architecture. It discusses that an architect understands architectural drivers, designs technical strategies while considering things that are costly to change. An architect fits between the product owner and project manager. The document also covers architecture frameworks, modeling approaches, technical architecture styles, non-functional requirements, and testing non-functional requirements.
The document discusses various software engineering practices. It outlines core principles like keeping things simple, maintaining vision, and planning for reuse. It also discusses specific practices for communication, planning, modeling, construction, coding, testing, and deployment. For each practice area, it provides principles and guidelines to effectively carry out those practices when developing software.
The document discusses various software engineering practices. It outlines core principles like keeping things simple, maintaining vision, and planning for reuse. It also discusses specific practices for communication, planning, modeling, construction, coding, testing, and deployment. For each practice area, it provides principles and guidelines to effectively carry out those practices when developing software.
This document provides an overview of software engineering concepts. It defines software engineering as the application of engineering principles to software development. It discusses the differences between software programming and software engineering. The roles of a software engineer are also outlined, which include adopting a systematic approach and using appropriate tools and techniques. The document also discusses related disciplines like web engineering, programming languages, and databases. It covers challenges in the field, professional ethics, and how software engineering has changed over time.
This document outlines several principles for software engineering practices including principles for analysis and design, communication, planning, modeling, construction, testing, and deployment. Some of the key principles discussed are: divide problems into separate concerns, build software with effective modularity, represent problems from multiple perspectives, focus on interfaces, and ensure quality is considered throughout the development process.
This document provides an overview of software engineering concepts including the need for software engineering, professional software development, software engineering ethics, and the essence of software engineering practice. It discusses the core principles of the software development life cycle including understanding problems, planning solutions, implementing plans, and testing results. It also summarizes various software process models like the waterfall model and its classical and iterative variations as well as evolutionary models like prototyping and the spiral model.
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Mitch Kapor's "software design manifesto" emphasized good design exhibiting firmness, commodity, and delight.
- Design encompasses principles, concepts, and practices that lead to high quality systems, including data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design.
- Quality guidelines for design include modularity, distinct representations of elements, appropriate data structures, independent components, and reduced complexity interfaces.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara Aliotta
In this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
This ppt covers the following topics :-
Introduction
Design quality
Design concepts
The design model
Thus it covers design engineering in software engineering
This document discusses software engineering and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts:
- Software engineering is defined as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. It focuses on practical software development and delivery, whereas computer science focuses more on theory.
- Good software should deliver required functionality, performance, and be maintainable, dependable, usable and acceptable to users.
- A software engineering approach is layered, with quality, process models, methods and tools. Process models define activities for effective delivery. Methods provide tasks for requirements, design, coding and testing. Tools support the process and methods.
- Generic software processes involve communication, planning, modeling, construction and deployment activities in an iterative fashion to develop
This document discusses software engineering methodologies. It begins by defining software and software engineering. It then covers the software development life cycle including processes like requirements analysis, design, development, testing and maintenance. It describes various methodologies like waterfall, prototyping, iterative development and agile. Waterfall is a linear sequential model while agile focuses on rapid iteration, customer collaboration and responding to change. The document compares agile and plan-driven methods, noting their different suitability based on factors like project length, team experience and requirements stability.
The document discusses the differences between analysis modeling and design engineering/modeling. Analysis involves understanding a problem, while design focuses on creating a solution. Models can be used to better understand problems in analysis or solutions in design. The key aspects of design engineering are then outlined, including translating requirements into a software blueprint, iterating on the design, and ensuring quality through guidelines such as modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Common design concepts like abstraction, architecture, patterns, and classes are also explained.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses the objectives of software engineering which include producing high quality software products on time and within budget. Software engineering is defined as applying engineering principles to software development through the use of methods, tools, and techniques. The document then discusses why software engineering principles are needed, especially for large, complex software projects. It provides examples of software engineering failures that occurred when principles were not followed. The rest of the document outlines the software development process, including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It also discusses different process models like waterfall and spiral.
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Design involves modeling the system architecture, interfaces, and components before implementation. This allows assessment and improvement of quality.
- Important design concepts span abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Architecture defines overall structure and interactions. Patterns help solve common problems.
- Separation of concerns and related concepts like modularity and information hiding help decompose problems into independently designed and optimized pieces to improve manageability. Functional independence means each module has a single, well-defined purpose with minimal interaction.
The document discusses key concepts and principles of software design. It begins by defining design as a blueprint for solving problems specified in requirements. Good design implements all requirements, provides a readable guide, and gives a complete picture of the software. The design process has two levels - top-level design of modules and interfaces and detailed design of module internals. The document then covers fundamental design concepts like abstraction, refinement, modularity, architecture, partitioning, data structures, procedures, information hiding, and functional independence. It provides examples and guidelines for applying these concepts to create a high-quality design.
Introduction To Software Concepts Unit 1 & 2Raj vardhan
This document provides an overview of Module 1 of an introduction to software concepts course. It covers the following topics: definitions of software, importance of software, types of software, software components, members involved in software development, and an overview of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Specifically, it defines software, discusses why it is important, lists common software types and components. It also outlines the roles of various members in software development projects, such as subject matter experts, functional analysts, developers, testers, and project managers. Finally, it provides a high-level overview of the waterfall model for the SDLC.
This document provides information about a course on design patterns taught by Dr. Asma Cherif. It includes the course code, instructor details, learning objectives, textbooks, and topics that will be covered such as architectural design, what patterns are, and different types of patterns. Design patterns provide solutions to common software design problems and promote reuse of successful designs. The course aims to help students understand design patterns, identify patterns in code and designs, and implement patterns to design and develop quality software applications.
The design model transforms requirements from the analysis model into a blueprint for constructing the software. It includes four main elements: the data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design. These elements are developed iteratively through increasing levels of abstraction, starting with high-level elements that are traced to requirements and refining into lower-level representations. The design model aims to implement requirements while considering quality guidelines around modularity, patterns, and other design concepts.
This document summarizes the role of an architect and key aspects of architecture. It discusses that an architect understands architectural drivers, designs technical strategies while considering things that are costly to change. An architect fits between the product owner and project manager. The document also covers architecture frameworks, modeling approaches, technical architecture styles, non-functional requirements, and testing non-functional requirements.
The document discusses various software engineering practices. It outlines core principles like keeping things simple, maintaining vision, and planning for reuse. It also discusses specific practices for communication, planning, modeling, construction, coding, testing, and deployment. For each practice area, it provides principles and guidelines to effectively carry out those practices when developing software.
The document discusses various software engineering practices. It outlines core principles like keeping things simple, maintaining vision, and planning for reuse. It also discusses specific practices for communication, planning, modeling, construction, coding, testing, and deployment. For each practice area, it provides principles and guidelines to effectively carry out those practices when developing software.
This document provides an overview of software engineering concepts. It defines software engineering as the application of engineering principles to software development. It discusses the differences between software programming and software engineering. The roles of a software engineer are also outlined, which include adopting a systematic approach and using appropriate tools and techniques. The document also discusses related disciplines like web engineering, programming languages, and databases. It covers challenges in the field, professional ethics, and how software engineering has changed over time.
This document outlines several principles for software engineering practices including principles for analysis and design, communication, planning, modeling, construction, testing, and deployment. Some of the key principles discussed are: divide problems into separate concerns, build software with effective modularity, represent problems from multiple perspectives, focus on interfaces, and ensure quality is considered throughout the development process.
This document provides an overview of software engineering concepts including the need for software engineering, professional software development, software engineering ethics, and the essence of software engineering practice. It discusses the core principles of the software development life cycle including understanding problems, planning solutions, implementing plans, and testing results. It also summarizes various software process models like the waterfall model and its classical and iterative variations as well as evolutionary models like prototyping and the spiral model.
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Mitch Kapor's "software design manifesto" emphasized good design exhibiting firmness, commodity, and delight.
- Design encompasses principles, concepts, and practices that lead to high quality systems, including data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design.
- Quality guidelines for design include modularity, distinct representations of elements, appropriate data structures, independent components, and reduced complexity interfaces.
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2. Software Engineering
Software Engineering Practice
Essence of Practice
Core Principles of Software Engineering
Types of Practice
• Communication Practice
• Planning Practice
3. Software engineering (SE) is concerned with
developing and maintaining software systems that
behave reliably and efficiently, are affordable to develop
and maintain, and satisfy all the requirements that
customers have defined for them.
4. • Analysis: decompose a large problem into smaller,
understandable pieces
abstraction is the key
• Synthesis: build (compose) software from smaller
building blocks
composition is challenging
7. Consists of a collection of concepts, principles, methods,
and tools that a software engineer calls upon on a daily
basis
Equips managers to manage software projects and software
engineers to build computer programs
Provides necessary technical and management how to
getting the job done.
8. 1) Understand the problem (communication and analysis)
• Who has a stake in the solution to the problem?
• What are the unknowns? and what (data, function, behavior) are
required to properly solve the Problem?
• Can the problem be compartmentalized? Is it possible to represent
smaller problems that may be easier to understand.
• Can the problem be represented graphically? Can analysis model
be created?
2) Plan a solution (planning, modeling and software design)
• Have you seen similar problems like this before?
• Has a similar problem been solved? If so, are the elements of the
solution reusable?
• Can sub problems be defined and are solutions available for the
sub problems?
9. 3) Carry out the plan (construction; code generation)
• Does the solution conform to the plan? Is the source code
traceable back to the design?
• Is each component of the solution correct? Has the design and
code been reviewed, or better?
4) Examine the results for accuracy (testing and quality assurance)
• Is it possible to test each component of the solution? Has a
reasonable testing strategy been implemented?
• Does the solution produce results that conform to the data,
function, and behavior that are required?
• Has the Software been validated against all stakeholders
requirement?
10. 1) Remember the reason that the software exists
• The software should provide value to its users and satisfy the
requirements
2) Keep it simple
• All design and implementation should be as simple as possible
3) Maintain the vision of the project
• A clear vision is essential to the project’s success
4) Others will consume what you produce
• Always specify, design, and implement knowing that someone else
will later have to understand and modify what you did
11. 5) Be open to the future
• Never design yourself into a corner; build software that can be easily
changed and adapted.
6) Plan ahead for software reuse
• Reuse of software reduces the long-term cost and increases the value of the
program and the reusable components.
7) Think, then act
• Placing clear, complete thought before action will almost always produce
better results
14. 1) Listen to the speaker and concentrate on what is being said
2) Prepare before you meet by researching and
understanding the problem
3) Someone should facility the meeting and have an agenda
4) Face-to-face communication is best, but also have a
document or presentation to focus the discussion
5) Take notes and document decisions
6) Strive for collaboration and consensus
7) Stay focused on a topic; modularize your discussion
8) If something is unclear, draw a picture
9) Move on to the next topic a) after you agree to something,
b) if you cannot agree to something, or c) if a feature or
function is unclear and cannot be clarified at the moment
10) Negotiation is not a contest or a game; it works best when
both parties win
14
15. 1) Understand the scope of the project
2) Involve the customer in the planning activity
3) Recognize that planning is iterative; things will
change
4) Estimate based only on what you know
5) Consider risk as you define the plan
6) Be realistic on how much can be done each day
by each person and how well
7) Adjust granularity as you define the plan
8) Define how you intend to ensure quality
9) Describe how you intend to accommodate
change
10)Track the plan frequently and make adjustments
as required
15
16. 1) The information domain of a problem (the data that
flows in and out of a system) must be represented and
understood
2) The functions that the software performs must be
defined
3) The behavior of the software (as a consequence of
external events) must be represented
4) The models that depict information, function, and
behavior must be partitioned in a manner that uncovers
detail in a layered (or hierarchical) fashion
5) The analysis task should move from essential
information toward implementation detail
17. 1) The design should be traceable to the analysis model
2) Always consider the software architecture of the system to be
built
3) Design of data is as important as design of processing
functions
4) Interfaces (both internal and external) must be designed with
care
5) User interface design should be tuned to the needs of the
end-user and should stress ease of use
6) Component-level design should be functionally independent
(high cohesion)
7) Components should be loosely coupled to one another and to
the external environment
8) Design representations (models) should be easily
understandable
9) The design should be developed iteratively; with each
iteration, the designer should strive for greater simplicity
18. 1) Understand the problem you are trying to solve
2) Understand basic design principles and concepts
3) Pick a programming language that meets the needs of
the software to be built and the environment in which it
will operate
4) Select a programming environment that provides tools
that will make your work easier
5) Create a set of unit tests that will be applied once the
component you code is completed
19. 1) Constrain your algorithms by following structured
programming practices
2) Select data structures that will meet the needs of the
design
3) Understand the software architecture and create
interfaces that are consistent with it
4) Keep conditional logic as simple as possible
5) Create nested loops in a way that makes them easily
testable
6) Select meaningful variable names and follow other
local coding standards
7) Write code that is self-documenting
8) Create a visual layout (e.g., indentation and blank lines)
that aids code understanding
20. 1) Conduct a code walkthrough
2) Perform unit tests (black-box and white-box) and
correct errors you have uncovered
3) Refactor the code
21. 1) All tests should be traceable to the software
requirements
2) Tests should be planned long before testing begins
3) The Pareto principle applies to software testing
• 80% of the uncovered errors are in 20% of the code
4) Testing should begin “in the small” and progress toward
testing “in the large”
• Unit testing --> integration testing --> validation
testing --> system testing
5) Exhaustive testing is not possible
22. 1) Customer expectations for the software must be
managed
• Be careful not to promise too much or to mislead the
user
2) A complete delivery package should be assembled and
tested
3) A support regime must be established before the
software is delivered
4) Appropriate instructional materials must be provided to
end users
5) Buggy software should be fixed first, delivered later