The document discusses a case study that examined the relationship between physical environment satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction, and quality of life in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The study found that satisfaction with physical environment factors like facilities, commuting, and safety had a positive impact on quality of life. Neighborhood satisfaction also positively impacted quality of life. Additionally, neighborhood satisfaction acted as a moderator between physical environment satisfaction and quality of life. The study also found spatial differences, with areas closer to Seoul having higher physical environment satisfaction and southern areas having higher quality of life than northern areas.

1. SOCIAL ASPECT OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
ITS LIMITATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ON BUILDINGS AND NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
BUILDING ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY
GROUP 5

2. CONTENTS
 1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT FACTOR
 2. LIMITATIONS
 3. IMPLICATIONS ON BUILDING
 4. IMPLICATIONS ON NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING
 5. CASE STUDY 1
 6. CASE STUDY 2
 7. CONCLUSION

3. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
 The physical environment refers to the external surroundings in which we
live and which can influence our behaviour and development and health.
 It includes landforms, soil types, climate, air, water, plants and animals,
buildings and other infrastructure, and all of the natural resources that
provide our basic needs and opportunities for social and economic
development.
 The quality of the community’s physical environment greatly impacts the
health and well-being of the population.
 At a fundamental level, factors such as clean air and good quality
drinking water are vital for people's physical health. Other environmental
factors such as noise pollution can cause both physical harm and
psychological stress.
 Being aware of potential risk in your physical environment can help you
protect your health. If you have daily information about the air’s
condition and how polluted it might be, you can plan outdoor activities

4. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT FACTOR
 The factors in the physical environment that are important to health include harmful
substances, such as air pollution or proximity to toxic sites (the focus of classic environmental
epidemiology); access to various health-related resources (e.g., healthy or unhealthy foods,
recreational resources, medical care); and community design and the “built environment”
 The 5 major physical environmental factors are- Air, water, climate, soil, natural environment
and landforms.
 Air quality and drinking water quality measure important aspects of the environment that
have a direct impact on individual wellbeing. Clean air and good quality drinking water are
both necessities of life. Pollution in either air or water can have significant detrimental effects
on people's health, as well as being detrimental to the beauty of the environment.
 Poor quality drinking water can create health risks from water-borne disease and
contaminants. It is also likely to correlate with poor quality in other basic infrastructure such
as sewerage and electricity supply.

5.  The cleanliness and beauty
of the environment is also
important for people's sense
of wellbeing. For many
people, access to an
attractive physical
environment contributes
greatly to their
contentedness with life. A
healthy environment also
provides recreational
opportunities, allowing
people to take part in
activities they value
 Stable, affordable housing can provide a safe environment for families to live, learn, grow, and
form social bonds. The concept of 'sustainability' is an important aspect of social well being. It
acknowledges that social and economic developments need to take place in ways that don't
harm present and future wellbeing by damaging the natural environment, and don't harm future
well being by using natural resources in unsustainable ways.

6. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
 Environmental sustainability is the responsibility to conserve natural resources and protect
global ecosystems to support health and wellbeing, now and in the future.
 Standards for environmental sustainability vary greatly, based on local economic, social and
environmental conditions.
 The ways in which we can all live more sustainably can take many forms, such as:
1. Reorganizing living conditions in the form of eco-villages, eco-municipalities, and
sustainable cities
2. Reappraising economic sectors (permaculture, green building, sustainable agriculture) or
work practices, such as sustainable architecture
3. Developing new technologies (green technologies, renewable energy, etc.)
4. Making adjustments in individual lifestyles that conserve natural resources

7. ITS SOCIAL ASPECTS
Human social environments encompass the immediate physical surroundings, social
relationships, and cultural milieus within which defined groups of people function and
interact. Components of the social environment include-
 Built infrastructure
 Industrial and Occupational structure
 Labor markets
 Social and Economic processes
 Social, human and Health services
 Power relations
 Government
 Race Relations
 Cultural Practices

8. CASE STUDY 1
Relationship between
Physical Environment
Satisfaction,
Neighborhood
Satisfaction, and
Quality of Life in
GYEONGGI, KOREA

9. INTRODUCTION
Urban development is understood to encompass both quantity and quality, with an increase in
population or economic size referring to the former, and an increase in quality of life (QoL) and the
local environment referring to the latter. Therefore, a desirable city or urban environment is created
when both quality and quantity are balanced.
However, as urban management in the industrialization era has tended to prioritize quantitative
growth over qualitative growth, many cities today have had remarkable quantity results compared to
the past but are facing several qualitative issues, such as a decreasing QoL and resident indifference to
local issues.
Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) mentioned safety, health, convenience, and
amenity as the most basic residential requirements for human beings. Based on this, this study
considered both physical and social attributes. Specifically, the physical elements included facilities,
commuting, and safety by applying the WHO’s criteria.

10. QUALITY OF LIFE
IN KOREA
 The subjective QoL for Koreans was reported to be
quite low in the “Better Life Index 2020” released by the
Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD), which ranked Korea at 29th out
of 35 countries.
 Among the surveyed countries, Australia had the
highest score of 8.4 points (10-point scale),
 the OECD average was 6.02. Korea scored 4.69 points.
 Japan in the same region ranked 25th with 5.35 points.
 Specifically, Korea ranked low in the indicators of
“community” (35th), “work–life balance” (34th), and “life
satisfaction” (29th). This means that Korean QoL is
comparatively poor and efforts are urgently needed to
improve it.
QoL has been
defined differently,
often in conjunction
with notions of
“happiness” and
“well-being”.
However, QoL
implies overall
subjective life
satisfaction.

11. FACTORS AFFECT QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)
 economic factors -
Korean studies on QoL explained that economic factors were important for quality of life. For example, the
higher the income is, the higher the quality of life is. It has also been proven that homeowners have a higher
QoL than renters do.
 Physical factors -
physical elements included facilities, commuting, and safety by applying the WHO’s criteria. Facilities and
commuting factors are highly relevant to convenience and amenity.
 Social factors -
social connections and civic engagement were presented as specific items of social factors. The social factor was
constructed by neighborhood satisfaction based on the OECD discussion.
 residential environments factors-
residential environments that residents encounter everyday have also been found to significantly affect QoL.
Specifically, most people primarily satisfy their needs and interests within their immediate residential areas.

12. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area and Data
 Study Area - Gyeonggi Province,
Korea
 Consists of 31 districts
 As of 2018, the population in
Gyeonggi Province was 13,103,188,
the largest population
concentration in Korea, which made
this province the most suitable for
understanding the Korean QoL
situation.
 The survey collected data from
20,000 households out of a total of
4.09 million households.

13. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT SATISFACTION
AND QOL
Satisfaction with the physical environmental factors of (a)
facilities, (b) commuting, and (c) safety has a positive impact on
QoL.
 Facilities satisfaction refers to satisfaction with the various facilities in a
residential area.
 Commuting satisfaction refers to satisfaction with the transportation system
convenience in residential areas, which is measured by the level of satisfaction
with moving easily to other areas using public transportation such as buses
and subways.
 Safety satisfaction refers to satisfaction with safety in a residential area from
disasters or accidents, and comprises a rapid response to accidents or disasters
and well-established emergency medical systems.

14. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD SATISFACTION AND QOL
Neighbourhood satisfaction has a positive impact on
QoL
 Neighbourhood satisfaction is related to the interactions with
neighbours living in physically adjacent spaces. In many studies,
neighbourhood satisfaction has been identified as an important QoL
factor.
 For example, it has been found that good relationships with
neighbours could have a positive impact on QoL. found that low
neighbourhood satisfaction could negatively affect QoL.

15. MODERATING EFFECT OF NEIGHBOURHOOD SATISFACTION
Neighborhood satisfaction moderates
QoL through satisfaction with the
physical residential environment factors
of (a) facilities, (b) commuting, and (c)
safety.
• The moderating variable was validated by
developing interaction terms with independent
variables to assess the statistical significance on
the dependent variable.
• Lim and Lee [53] analysed the impact of the
physical environment on life satisfaction in
middle-aged people with social capital as a
moderator and found that the lower the
satisfaction with the physical environment is, the
worse the negative life satisfaction is.
• These studies suggested that neighbourhood
satisfaction could be a moderator in the
relationship between physical environment
factors and QoL.

16. SPATIAL COMPARISON FOR FACTORS
 the closer an area is to Seoul, the higher the overall
physical environment satisfaction is.
 neighborhood satisfaction was relatively high in areas far
from Seoul. Neighborhood satisfaction has been verified as
being high in areas with a low population density.
 the QoL was found to be higher in the southern region
than in the northern region based over Seoul. The northern
region of Gyeonggi Province is restricted from urban
development due to its military zone with North Korea.
Therefore, these regions showed a lower QoL for residents
as well as facility infrastructure compared to the southern
region of Gyeonggi Province
Spatial comparison for factors. (a) Facilities satisfaction; (b) Commuting
satisfaction; (c) Safety satisfaction; (d) Neighborhood satisfaction; (e) Quality of life.