Sociologists
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Functionalism views the family as central to society by socializing children and providing stability for adults. It performs essential roles like reproduction, stable relationships, and caring for dependents. However, critics argue it ignores issues like abuse, neglect, unequal treatment of women, and social class differences. Some theorists believe many of the family's functions have been replaced by other institutions. Feminists like Firestone see the patriarchal family as the root of gender inequality and the oppression of women.
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SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses key concepts related to family and identity. It examines how family is a primary socializing agent that teaches norms, values and language. It also looks at functionalist perspectives on the roles and functions of the family in society. The document then analyzes changes in family structures over time, including increases in cohabitation, divorce, and diversity of family forms. It explores cross-cultural variations and the influences of social class on family life.
GCE Sociology Revision (AQA)- Unit 1 Couples Families and Households
For AQA GCE Sociology Unit 1 Chapter 1 Revision. Print out as a handout, it is a good way to revision: associating the picture with the title allows you to fill in the info by your own associations. Application, Interpretation and Analysis tips are also included. All derived from the AS Sociology Revision Guide. Good luck!!!
Conjugal roles
This document discusses conjugal roles and the division of labor within families. It explores the traditional roles of women as homemakers and men as breadwinners. While some studies from the 1970s found families were becoming more egalitarian, more recent data shows that women still take on the majority of housework and childcare. This "triple shift" and "dual burden" negatively impacts women's careers and financial independence by limiting their opportunities and earnings potential. Class differences also exist, as working-class women historically had less options than professional wives. Overall, the document analyzes feminist perspectives on the unequal distribution of domestic responsibilities between men and women.
Conjugal roles, Family
Conjugal roles refer to the roles played by partners in marriage or cohabitation. Traditionally, roles were segregated, with men having instrumental roles and women having expressive roles. However, roles have become more equal in recent years, with partners now sharing housework, childcare, decisions, and leisure time. While functionalists view traditional segregated roles as natural, feminists argue roles are still largely unequal, with women facing a "triple shift" of career, housework, and emotional labor. Studies by feminists like Hannah Gavron, Ann Oakley, and Stephen Edgell provide evidence that roles remain unequal rather than becoming symmetrical as functionalists claim.
1 Families Timeline: 1950s to Pesent Day
The document traces changes in families and households in Britain from the 1950s to the present. In the 1950s, most families were traditional nuclear families with clear gender roles and low divorce rates. During the 1960s and 1970s, divorce laws were liberalized and women's roles changed as the Women's Movement advocated for equal rights. Subsequent decades saw rising ethnic diversity, increasing acceptance of diverse family forms like cohabitation and single-parent families, and developments like civil partnerships and assisted reproductive technology that further expanded family possibilities.
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1) Judith Stacey argued that greater choice for women allows them to break from patriarchal oppression and shape families to meet their needs, based on interviews with non-traditional families in Silicon Valley.
2) Stacey found that women were creating new types of families like "divorce-extended" families that better suited their needs, rejecting traditional roles.
3) Jeffrey Weeks identified a long-term shift since the 1950s where sexual morality and family diversity became more accepted, especially among young people, though family patterns have remained fairly traditional.
Changing family patterns
The document discusses trends in marriage, divorce, and cohabitation in Britain. It notes that marriage rates have declined since 1961 while divorce rates have increased, almost doubling in the 1970s. Britain now has one of the highest divorce rates in Europe. Around 40% of new marriages are likely to end in divorce. The document goes on to discuss factors that may have contributed to these trends, such as changes in divorce laws, declining stigma around divorce, rising expectations of marriage, and changes to women's roles.
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The document discusses Parsons' views on family structures and their functional fit within different types of societies. Parsons argued that the nuclear family, consisting of parents and dependent children, is best suited to modern industrial societies as it allows for a socially mobile workforce. The extended family, with three generations living together, is more functional in traditional pre-industrial societies. As Britain industrialized in the 18th century, the extended family structure began to be replaced by the nuclear family due to the needs of the new industrialized society for workforce mobility.
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SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses key concepts related to family and identity. It examines how family is a primary socializing agent that teaches norms, values and language. It also looks at functionalist perspectives on the roles and functions of the family in society. The document then analyzes changes in family structures over time, including increases in cohabitation, divorce, and diversity of family forms. It explores cross-cultural variations and the influences of social class on family life.
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This document discusses conjugal roles and the division of labor within families. It explores the traditional roles of women as homemakers and men as breadwinners. While some studies from the 1970s found families were becoming more egalitarian, more recent data shows that women still take on the majority of housework and childcare. This "triple shift" and "dual burden" negatively impacts women's careers and financial independence by limiting their opportunities and earnings potential. Class differences also exist, as working-class women historically had less options than professional wives. Overall, the document analyzes feminist perspectives on the unequal distribution of domestic responsibilities between men and women.
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Conjugal roles refer to the roles played by partners in marriage or cohabitation. Traditionally, roles were segregated, with men having instrumental roles and women having expressive roles. However, roles have become more equal in recent years, with partners now sharing housework, childcare, decisions, and leisure time. While functionalists view traditional segregated roles as natural, feminists argue roles are still largely unequal, with women facing a "triple shift" of career, housework, and emotional labor. Studies by feminists like Hannah Gavron, Ann Oakley, and Stephen Edgell provide evidence that roles remain unequal rather than becoming symmetrical as functionalists claim.
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The document traces changes in families and households in Britain from the 1950s to the present. In the 1950s, most families were traditional nuclear families with clear gender roles and low divorce rates. During the 1960s and 1970s, divorce laws were liberalized and women's roles changed as the Women's Movement advocated for equal rights. Subsequent decades saw rising ethnic diversity, increasing acceptance of diverse family forms like cohabitation and single-parent families, and developments like civil partnerships and assisted reproductive technology that further expanded family possibilities.
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The document discusses three main topics regarding families and relationships:
1) Diversity of family forms - Family structures have become more varied with single-parent families, same-sex couples, and stepfamilies now common. However, not all forms are equally accepted.
2) Violence and abuse in families - While family life is often portrayed as happy, violence and abuse occur frequently within families. Both individual and societal factors can contribute to domestic violence.
3) The search for intimacy - In modern societies intimacy is sought through relationships based on equality, negotiation and self-fulfillment rather than tradition. However, forming lasting intimate bonds remains challenging.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts, studies, and advice for studying sociology. It summarizes several subtopics, including:
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2. Family diversity, discussing types of diversity and studies on location, class, kinship, ethnicity, and life course diversity.
3. Marriage and divorce trends, citing the need to know facts and statistics and consider the views of different sociological perspectives.
4. Overall advice emphasizes applying concepts from multiple subtopics to exam questions, knowing statistics, linking theories to consequences, and avoiding overgeneralization.
Revision notes SCLY1
1) The document provides an overview of theories about families and households, including functionalist and Marxist perspectives. It discusses the key definitions of family and household.
2) Functionalist theories presented include those by Murdock, Parsons, and Talcott Parsons. They view the family as fulfilling important social functions. Marxist theories discussed include those of Engels, Zaretsky, and Althusser/Poulantzas, which argue that the family benefits capitalism by socializing ideology and providing emotional support for workers.
3) The document evaluates these theories and notes criticisms such as functionalism ignoring family conflicts and Marxism exaggerating the family's role in capitalism. It provides an overall evaluation of functionalist perspectives
Divorce
This document summarizes changes to divorce law in the UK over time that have made it easier for couples to divorce. It discusses how the 1969 Divorce Law Reform Act introduced the concept of "irretrievable breakdown" as grounds for divorce. Subsequent laws further reduced the minimum time required to file for divorce. It also examines societal factors that have contributed to rising divorce rates like increasing secularization, women's independence, longer lifespans, and higher expectations of marriage centered around romance rather than security. However, it notes that remarriage and cohabitation are still common, and most children still experience nuclear families.
GCE Sociology Revision (AQA)- Unit 1 Changing Patterns and Family diversity (5)
For AQA GCE Sociology Unit 1 Chapter 1 Revision. Print out as a handout, it is a good way to revision: associating the picture with the title allows you to fill in the info by your own associations. Application, Interpretation and Analysis tips are also included. All derived from the AS Sociology Revision Guide. Good luck!
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Here is a potential essay plan:
Introduction (3 marks)
- Outline the question and key issues to be discussed (inequalities between husbands and wives)
Functionalism - Parsons (4 marks)
- Explain Parsons' theory of instrumental and expressive roles
- Argue roles are becoming more equal as women take on more roles
Marxism - Oakley (4 marks)
- Explain Oakley's criticism that women still shoulder the 'double burden' of paid work and housework
- Argue roles are not truly equal as women still do majority of domestic labour
Feminism - Dobash and Dobash (5 marks)
- Explain radical
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The document outlines 5 types of family diversity identified by Rhona and Robert Rapoport:
1) Organizational diversity refers to differences in family roles and structures such as joint or segregated wage earning.
2) Cultural diversity accounts for differences between ethnic and religious groups' family structures.
3) Social class diversity influences family structure and child-rearing based on income differences.
4) Life-stage diversity means family structure depends on people's stages in the life cycle such as with newlyweds or retired couples.
5) Generational diversity exists as attitudes change over time between older and younger generations regarding issues like divorce and homosexuality.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1. The document discusses changing gender roles and the division of labor within families over time. It addresses the creation of the housewife role during industrialization, and the concept of symmetrical families where husbands and wives share domestic responsibilities more equally.
2. Theories from sociologists like Oakley, Parsons, and Young and Willmott are summarized regarding the changing nature of domestic work and family structures. Criticisms of studies on men's participation in housework are also mentioned.
3. Factors influencing gender roles within families both historically and presently are explored, including industrialization, female employment, marriage trends, and media influences. The impact of dual-burden and triple-shift dynamics on women are briefly
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses changing family patterns in the UK, specifically increasing divorce rates. It provides statistics showing that divorce has increased dramatically since the 1960s. It examines several explanations for this change, including changes in divorce laws that made divorce easier and more accessible, declining social stigma around divorce, secularization reducing the influence of religion, rising expectations of marriage being based on love and personal fulfillment, and improvements in women's social and economic position reducing their dependence on husbands. Feminist perspectives are discussed that argue women seek divorce more due to patriarchal oppression within marriage. Sociologists disagree on whether high divorce rates undermine the traditional family or increase individual freedom and diversity in family forms.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Government policies and laws have affected family diversity in several ways:
Some policies have encouraged more diverse family types, like same-sex families through legalizing homosexuality and allowing same-sex adoption and civil partnerships. Other policies have supported single-parent families through easier divorce laws and increased welfare benefits. However, some policies like tax breaks for married couples still promote the nuclear family model. On balance, most social policies have contributed to increasing family diversity rather than enforcing one standard family type.
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Families and households key words
This document contains key terms related to the sociology of the family, including types of families such as the nuclear family, views like the functionalist and Marxist views, and concepts like gender role socialization, patriarchy, and the division of domestic labor and care work. It also lists terms about demography, family diversity, changes in family structures over time, and roles within families.
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This document outlines topics to revise related to families and households. It discusses revising perspectives on couples, including the domestic division of labor and impact of paid work. Childhood is also listed as a topic, examining it as a social construct and whether its position has improved. Additional topics include perspectives on the family from functionalist, Marxist, and feminist views; demography related to births, deaths, and migration; changing family patterns such as divorce, partnerships, and ethnic differences; family diversity and the life course; and families and social policy from comparative and perspective views. Relevant sociologists and some of their key points are listed for several topics including couples, childhood, and families and social policy.
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The document discusses how family structures in modern Britain have become more diverse, with examples of nuclear families, extended families, single-parent families, reconstituted families, homosexual families, and families from different ethnic groups. It analyzes factors that have led to changes in traditional family forms and greater diversity, including divorce, changing gender roles, and immigration. In conclusion, it confirms that family life in Britain has indeed become more diverse, as there is no single dominant family type anymore.
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This document discusses the concept of family and how societal definitions of family have changed over time. Traditionally, family was defined as a married mother and father living together with their children. However, concepts of family have expanded and today many types of family structures are accepted as normal, including single parent homes and same-sex couples raising children. The document also examines how societal expectations of family, gender roles, and marriage have evolved since World War II.
Gendered division of labour essay
While roles and relationships among couples have become more equal in some ways, inequality still persists in many relationships. While men are increasingly helping with household chores, the patriarchal view holds that women will always be primarily responsible for domestic labor. Research also shows that women still take on the "second shift" of domestic duties even when working full-time. Decision-making power is also still unequal in many couples, though pooling finances rather than an allowance system has become more common. Lesbian couples have been found to divide labor more equally due to less emphasis on traditional gender roles. Overall, progress has been made but power imbalances and traditional gender scripts continue to influence roles and relationships among many couples.
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Symmetrical family
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This document discusses different sociological perspectives on the family, including modernist and postmodernist views. It examines how postmodernists argue that families have greater diversity and choice in relationships compared to structuralist views. The document also discusses how postmodernists believe family structures have become more fragmented and chaotic as individuals have more freedom to choose their lifestyles.
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The document discusses different perspectives on family diversity and structure. It outlines the views of the New Right, who oppose diversity and favor a traditional nuclear family. It also describes the neo-conventional family perspective and identifies five types of family diversity. Additionally, it discusses concepts like life course analysis, risk society, choice and equality, family practice, postmodernism, and the growing acceptance of and arguments for and against diversity in family forms.
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The document discusses three main topics regarding families and relationships:
1) Diversity of family forms - Family structures have become more varied with single-parent families, same-sex couples, and stepfamilies now common. However, not all forms are equally accepted.
2) Violence and abuse in families - While family life is often portrayed as happy, violence and abuse occur frequently within families. Both individual and societal factors can contribute to domestic violence.
3) The search for intimacy - In modern societies intimacy is sought through relationships based on equality, negotiation and self-fulfillment rather than tradition. However, forming lasting intimate bonds remains challenging.
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Here are three potential reasons for greater gender equality in the family and society:
1. The women's liberation movement and rise of feminism has advocated for and achieved greater legal and social rights for women, such as in areas of employment, education, and family roles.
2. Societal values have shifted to embrace ideas of equality, fairness, and individualism rather than traditional patriarchal family structures where gender roles were more rigid.
3. Women now have more opportunities for education and careers due to factors like increased access to birth control and fewer children, allowing them to achieve financial independence outside of traditional family/domestic roles.Couples/ Division of Labour
This document discusses gender roles and relationships within families from a sociological perspective. It addresses the domestic division of labor between men and women, how these roles have changed over time, and different sociological views on couples and power relationships within families. The document also examines topics like commercialization of housework, the dual and triple burdens faced by women, and domestic violence.
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The document discusses changes that have occurred to families in recent decades, including increases in divorce rates, cohabitation, and births outside of marriage. This has contributed to greater family diversity with more lone-parent families, stepfamilies, and people living alone or without children. Reasons proposed for these changes include developments like the legalization and destigmatization of divorce, women's rising economic independence, and declining religious influence in society.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides an overview of key concepts, studies, and advice for studying sociology. It summarizes several subtopics, including:
1. Demography and changes in birth and death rates, citing studies by Brass and Kabir, Tranter, and McKeown.
2. Family diversity, discussing types of diversity and studies on location, class, kinship, ethnicity, and life course diversity.
3. Marriage and divorce trends, citing the need to know facts and statistics and consider the views of different sociological perspectives.
4. Overall advice emphasizes applying concepts from multiple subtopics to exam questions, knowing statistics, linking theories to consequences, and avoiding overgeneralization.
Revision notes SCLY1
1) The document provides an overview of theories about families and households, including functionalist and Marxist perspectives. It discusses the key definitions of family and household.
2) Functionalist theories presented include those by Murdock, Parsons, and Talcott Parsons. They view the family as fulfilling important social functions. Marxist theories discussed include those of Engels, Zaretsky, and Althusser/Poulantzas, which argue that the family benefits capitalism by socializing ideology and providing emotional support for workers.
3) The document evaluates these theories and notes criticisms such as functionalism ignoring family conflicts and Marxism exaggerating the family's role in capitalism. It provides an overall evaluation of functionalist perspectives
Divorce
This document summarizes changes to divorce law in the UK over time that have made it easier for couples to divorce. It discusses how the 1969 Divorce Law Reform Act introduced the concept of "irretrievable breakdown" as grounds for divorce. Subsequent laws further reduced the minimum time required to file for divorce. It also examines societal factors that have contributed to rising divorce rates like increasing secularization, women's independence, longer lifespans, and higher expectations of marriage centered around romance rather than security. However, it notes that remarriage and cohabitation are still common, and most children still experience nuclear families.
GCE Sociology Revision (AQA)- Unit 1 Changing Patterns and Family diversity (5)
For AQA GCE Sociology Unit 1 Chapter 1 Revision. Print out as a handout, it is a good way to revision: associating the picture with the title allows you to fill in the info by your own associations. Application, Interpretation and Analysis tips are also included. All derived from the AS Sociology Revision Guide. Good luck!
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Here is a potential essay plan:
Introduction (3 marks)
- Outline the question and key issues to be discussed (inequalities between husbands and wives)
Functionalism - Parsons (4 marks)
- Explain Parsons' theory of instrumental and expressive roles
- Argue roles are becoming more equal as women take on more roles
Marxism - Oakley (4 marks)
- Explain Oakley's criticism that women still shoulder the 'double burden' of paid work and housework
- Argue roles are not truly equal as women still do majority of domestic labour
Feminism - Dobash and Dobash (5 marks)
- Explain radical
AS Sociology: The Rapoports
The document outlines 5 types of family diversity identified by Rhona and Robert Rapoport:
1) Organizational diversity refers to differences in family roles and structures such as joint or segregated wage earning.
2) Cultural diversity accounts for differences between ethnic and religious groups' family structures.
3) Social class diversity influences family structure and child-rearing based on income differences.
4) Life-stage diversity means family structure depends on people's stages in the life cycle such as with newlyweds or retired couples.
5) Generational diversity exists as attitudes change over time between older and younger generations regarding issues like divorce and homosexuality.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1. The document discusses changing gender roles and the division of labor within families over time. It addresses the creation of the housewife role during industrialization, and the concept of symmetrical families where husbands and wives share domestic responsibilities more equally.
2. Theories from sociologists like Oakley, Parsons, and Young and Willmott are summarized regarding the changing nature of domestic work and family structures. Criticisms of studies on men's participation in housework are also mentioned.
3. Factors influencing gender roles within families both historically and presently are explored, including industrialization, female employment, marriage trends, and media influences. The impact of dual-burden and triple-shift dynamics on women are briefly
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses changing family patterns in the UK, specifically increasing divorce rates. It provides statistics showing that divorce has increased dramatically since the 1960s. It examines several explanations for this change, including changes in divorce laws that made divorce easier and more accessible, declining social stigma around divorce, secularization reducing the influence of religion, rising expectations of marriage being based on love and personal fulfillment, and improvements in women's social and economic position reducing their dependence on husbands. Feminist perspectives are discussed that argue women seek divorce more due to patriarchal oppression within marriage. Sociologists disagree on whether high divorce rates undermine the traditional family or increase individual freedom and diversity in family forms.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Government policies and laws have affected family diversity in several ways:
Some policies have encouraged more diverse family types, like same-sex families through legalizing homosexuality and allowing same-sex adoption and civil partnerships. Other policies have supported single-parent families through easier divorce laws and increased welfare benefits. However, some policies like tax breaks for married couples still promote the nuclear family model. On balance, most social policies have contributed to increasing family diversity rather than enforcing one standard family type.
Family diversity (AS Sociology Family and Households)
This document discusses different types of modern families. It begins by defining a family and household. It then describes nuclear families, which consist of parents and children living together, as the most popular traditional family type. However, it notes the "cereal packet family" image is a myth as family diversity has increased. Other family types discussed include cohabitating couples, reconstituted families with children from previous relationships, beanpole families across generations, same-sex families, single-person households, and lone parent families. It attributes the rise in family diversity to factors like greater gender equality, individualization, and changing social attitudes.
Families and households key words
This document contains key terms related to the sociology of the family, including types of families such as the nuclear family, views like the functionalist and Marxist views, and concepts like gender role socialization, patriarchy, and the division of domestic labor and care work. It also lists terms about demography, family diversity, changes in family structures over time, and roles within families.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document outlines topics to revise related to families and households. It discusses revising perspectives on couples, including the domestic division of labor and impact of paid work. Childhood is also listed as a topic, examining it as a social construct and whether its position has improved. Additional topics include perspectives on the family from functionalist, Marxist, and feminist views; demography related to births, deaths, and migration; changing family patterns such as divorce, partnerships, and ethnic differences; family diversity and the life course; and families and social policy from comparative and perspective views. Relevant sociologists and some of their key points are listed for several topics including couples, childhood, and families and social policy.
AS Sociology: Issues of Family Diversity
The document discusses how family structures in modern Britain have become more diverse, with examples of nuclear families, extended families, single-parent families, reconstituted families, homosexual families, and families from different ethnic groups. It analyzes factors that have led to changes in traditional family forms and greater diversity, including divorce, changing gender roles, and immigration. In conclusion, it confirms that family life in Britain has indeed become more diverse, as there is no single dominant family type anymore.
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Family diversity (AS Sociology Family and Households)
Family diversity (AS Sociology Family and Households)
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This document discusses the concept of family and how societal definitions of family have changed over time. Traditionally, family was defined as a married mother and father living together with their children. However, concepts of family have expanded and today many types of family structures are accepted as normal, including single parent homes and same-sex couples raising children. The document also examines how societal expectations of family, gender roles, and marriage have evolved since World War II.
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While roles and relationships among couples have become more equal in some ways, inequality still persists in many relationships. While men are increasingly helping with household chores, the patriarchal view holds that women will always be primarily responsible for domestic labor. Research also shows that women still take on the "second shift" of domestic duties even when working full-time. Decision-making power is also still unequal in many couples, though pooling finances rather than an allowance system has become more common. Lesbian couples have been found to divide labor more equally due to less emphasis on traditional gender roles. Overall, progress has been made but power imbalances and traditional gender scripts continue to influence roles and relationships among many couples.
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This document contains information on family and households from a sociology specification. It includes exam questions on topics such as couples, childhood, family structures, demography, changing family patterns, family diversity, and social policy. For each topic, it lists key concepts and theories to be examined, such as functionalist, Marxist and feminist perspectives on the family. It also provides sample content on domestic division of labor within couples, the impact of women's paid work, and decision-making around family resources. The document appears to be a study guide or revision booklet for a sociology exam focusing on families and households.
Chapter 1 introduction to the family
This document provides an introduction to a course on family studies. It defines family in several ways, including as networks of people bound by ties like marriage, blood, or commitment. It discusses examining family from an ecosystem perspective, seeing the family as a complex system that interacts with its environment. Key concepts in human ecological theory are introduced, such as viewing the family as a semi-open, goal-directed, dynamic system that can respond to and modify its environment through adaptation. Different types of modern families are outlined, and changing demographics around marriage, divorce, and household composition in the US are summarized.
Running head FAMILY CHANGES SINCE 1960FAMILY CHANGES SINCE .docx
Running head: FAMILY CHANGES SINCE 1960
FAMILY CHANGES SINCE 1960
NAME;
COURSE:
INSTITUTION:
DATE
Many experts cite the weakening of the family as one of the causes for some of the problems that society faces today. Do you agree? In your paper, include the following information:
· Identify important or significant changes in families since 1960. What factors are responsible for this change?
· On the balance, are families becoming weaker or simply different? What evidence can you cite?
· If you agree with the experts, what proposals do you have to strengthen the family?
· If you disagree with experts, why?
FAMILY CHANGES SINCE 1960
I tend to agree with experts in their debate of the weakening of ties between families as the factor resulting in to a ‘rotten’ society. In the 1960’s, families were ran by both the man and the wife. Fathers took the responsibility of working while women took care of the young and family chores. (Pew Research Center 2010). Changes occurred when mothers started to work to support their families. Inner family residents dealt with single parenthood resulting from jailing of the father or death or from unwilling to support the family. This lead children to take care of themselves as mothers were busy looking for work as the economy had drastically changed. Divorces rocked most families that brought rifts between children and parents. Children needed their parental love but the parents tried to occupy their children. The children grew up with many problems. Mothers could keep up to 3 hubbies. Increase in income and the changing personalities among members of the family led to more and more changes. People had forsaken the old way of doing things (man at work, women at home taking care of the family) (Davis, 1991).
I am on the side of experts. Some of the things I would propose for stronger ties between families are love, loyalty, commitment, communication, laughter, leadership, spiritual wellness and time together. Other things to make the family stronger are working hard to make the best income for your family to be contented with what they have. Learning life in marriage, parenting, life and family are also a key factor to a happy family. Each member should keep the family priorities and values ringing in their minds. Most individual don’t realize the importance of a family thus see no need to better it leading to he break up of it.( James, 2008).
A successful family is made of good communication, appreciation, spending more time with ones family and reinforcing the commitments. Spiritual wellness has the good in that it enables individuals in a family cope up with crises; appreciate one another, seeing the importance of one spending time with his/her family and the commitments to each other. Good communication between children and paren5ts and between a husband and a wife is the key to a successful family. This would result to no problems to the society.
References
Davis, F. (1991). Moving the m.
Gendered division of labour essay
While relationships are becoming more equal in some ways, roles within families remain unequal overall. Younger, wealthier couples are more likely to have symmetrical relationships where domestic responsibilities are shared, but many women still undertake a "dual burden" of paid work and the majority of unpaid housework and childcare. Same-sex female couples tend to divide labor more equally since gender roles do not pressure them into separate tasks, but heterosexual relationships remain influenced by traditional patriarchal norms that define men as primary decision-makers. Domestic violence also disproportionately affects women, highlighting ongoing inequality within families.
Theoretical perspectives on_families
The document discusses three major theoretical perspectives on families in sociology: functionalist, conflict/feminist, and symbolic interactionist. Functionalist perspectives view families as fulfilling important functions for society such as socialization, economic support, and status allocation. Conflict and feminist perspectives see families as sources of social inequality and sites of conflict between genders and classes. Symbolic interactionist perspectives examine family dynamics and the meanings and interpretations that family members assign to their roles and interactions.
Egalitarian relationships
The document discusses egalitarian versus traditional relationships based on a survey of 18 married participants. Key findings include:
- Half of participants desired an egalitarian relationship while married, while the other half desired a traditional relationship
- Of those who originally desired egalitarian, 4 felt they achieved it, 3 somewhat, and 1 did not
- Women reported doing more hours of household chores and childcare, while men reported more hours of outside work and paid work
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) The document discusses changing gender roles within families, including traditional views of men's instrumental role as breadwinner and women's expressive role focused on homemaking and childcare.
2) It describes different types of conjugal roles, from segregated roles where men and women spent leisure time separately to more joint and symmetrical roles with shared household tasks.
3) While some research found evidence of men taking on more domestic responsibilities, other feminist research argued that patriarchal divisions of labor remained strongly ingrained and women continued to bear a "double burden" of paid work and the majority of unpaid domestic duties.
For thousands of years, marriage served economic and political f
For thousands of years, marriage served economic and political functions unrelated to love, happiness, or personal fulfillment.
Prior to the Victorian era, love was a bad reason to marry.
There were bigger concerns, such as gaining money and resources, building alliances between families, organizing the division of labor, and producing legitimate male heirs.
Marriages were typically arranged by older family members.
The Evolution of Marriage
In this society, they thought it foolish to leave something that important (marriage) to the whims of young people.
1
Patriarch/Property Marriages
For the wealthy and middle classes, marriage was important for maintaining and increasing the power of families. The concerns of the working classes were similar, if less grand.
These were patriarch/property marriages with men the heads of households and women as their human property and equal to children and slaves.
A woman was entered into a marriage by her father, who owned her until he “gave her away” at the wedding to her new owner, her husband.
This logic—that marriage is a form of property ownership—led to many laws that seem outrageous today. If an unmarried woman was raped, for instance, the main concern was the harm to her father’s property. She became less valuable when she lost her virginity, so the rapist could make amends for the bad deed by marrying her. It was a “you break it, you buy it” rule.
2
The Breadwinner/Housewife Marriage
The breadwinner/housewife marriage is a “separate but equal” model of marriage that defined men’s and women’s contributions as different but complementary.
Unlike patriarch/property marriage, breadwinner/housewife marriage did not legally subordinate wives to husbands, but it did define rigidly roles.
Women owed men domestic services; in return, men were legally required to support their wives financially. If they failed to play their part, they could be sued for breach of contract.
Policies put in place in the aftermath of World War II further changed how Americans organized families. Most notably, during the 1940s and 1950s the U.S. government collaborated with private investors to build suburbs and facilitate homeownership. This was the birth of the “American dream.”
3
Separate Spheres
Family wage: larger income paid to one male earner to support a home, a wife, and children.
Cemented the separate public and domestic “spheres”- a masculinized work world and a feminized home life.
In this new sphere, men, were expected to be the kind of people capitalism found useful: more interested in work than family and focused on economic success.
Women were expected to specialize in a kind of supportive and loving domestic sphere that society needed. The notion that women could, and should, wholeheartedly embrace this work is called the cult of domesticity. In this way, men and women were expected to operate in separate spheres.
4
Definitions
Sexual Double Standard
Different rules for the sexual behavio ...
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses key concepts related to families and relationships in Britain. It covers different types of families like nuclear, lone parent, and reconstituted families. It also discusses influences on families like migration, cultural diversity, and industrialization. The roles of men, women, and children within families are examined as well as approaches to studying families like functionalism, feminism, and Marxism. Divorce trends and legislation are also summarized.
Family
The document discusses gender roles within families and how they influence society. Traditionally, females take on the homemaker role while males are the breadwinners, and these roles are passed down through generations. However, the concept of a nuclear family is increasingly outdated as many families today consist of single parents or blended families. While media still portrays the nuclear family as the norm, it places pressure on women's domestic roles. Gender roles constructed within families translate to societal expectations and influence other institutions. More progressive families are moving toward flexible gender roles that accommodate individual experiences.
Single Black Mothers 15 Page Paper
This document discusses stereotypes of single black mothers and aims to provide a more accurate portrayal of their realities. It notes that stereotypes are often promoted in media and are based on oversimplifications that ignore circumstances. Through an interview, the document finds that financially, a single black mother was able to rise to a managerial position and provide for her family without assistance. It also refutes stereotypes that single black mothers are uneducated, promiscuous, or unable to maintain healthy relationships or physical fitness. The document highlights how family structures in the black community often involve extended family support networks. Overall, it seeks to challenge negative stereotypes of single black motherhood by presenting a more well-rounded understanding of their diverse experiences.
Sc2218 lecture 5 (2011)
The document discusses the concept of kinship in anthropology. It defines kinship as the social and cultural interpretations of biological reproduction, including concepts like marriage and paternity. Kinship is a primary organizing principle in most societies. The document then discusses kinship structures among the Ju/'hoansi people and how kinship becomes less complex and important an organizing factor in industrial societies, with new institutions taking kinship's place. It ends by discussing new horizons for kinship with technological developments like surrogacy and sperm donation.
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Running head FAMILY CHANGES SINCE 1960FAMILY CHANGES SINCE .docx
Running head FAMILY CHANGES SINCE 1960FAMILY CHANGES SINCE .docx
For thousands of years, marriage served economic and political f
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