Soc 205 Test 3 (Chapters 8, 9 10) Open Book All answers come from the book. Chapter 8 (2 points per question) Listing Name 3 unearned factors that often give children advantages and disadvantages over others. 1.C 2. C 3.C Fill in the blank. 4. One unearned factor is ____________, for a child cannot determine or control whom his bio- logical parents were that were instrumental in giving birth to him. 5. A teen ager who has an expensive car is regarded as having _______________cultural capital. It can convey status of the teen-ager or his or her family. 6._______________cultural capital includes the words and languages one hears, has acquired, and now uses to communicate with others, to think about the world, and to present oneself to others. 7. In the textbook, it says that if a person can dress like a doctor and has straight teeth, then this person possesses _____________________cultural capital. 8. _______________ designates a person’s overall economic and social status in a system of social stratification, according to the textbook. 9. According to ________________________, people completely lacking in skills, property, or employment constitute the very bottom of the class system. They form the negatively privileged property class. 10. A ________________ group is an amorphous group of people held together by virtue of a lifestyle that has come to be “expected of all those who wish to belong to the circle” and by the level of social esteem accorded them. 11. The_____________ poor or urban under class consist diverse groups of families and individuals living in the inner city who are “outside the mainstream of the American occupational system and consequently represent the very bottom of the economic hierarchy”. Listing According to Herbert Gans, a sociologist, name two reasons that poverty still exists. 12. 13. Chapter 9 Fill in the blank below. (2 points) per question. 14.______________ consists of people within a larger society who possess a group consciousness based on the real or imagined belief that they share a common ancestry, a history, a homeland, key experience, or some other distinctive trait that captures the “essence of their peoplehood”. 15. ______________ ______________________is a process by which people don’t know about, forget, dismiss, or fail to pass on an ethnic heritage. In the United States, those classified as white have a great deal of freedom to claim a European ethnic identity but to “forget” a non-European ethnicity, such as Kikuyu, one of Kenya’s many ethnic groups.  16. _______________ _________________ occurs when someone discovers an ethnic identity, as when an adopted child learns about and identifies with newly found biological relatives, or a person learns about and revives lost traditions.  17._________________ ____________________ describes a government or dominant group that creates an ethnic category. Often the people assigned to that category come from ma.

1. Soc 205
Test 3 (Chapters 8, 9 10)
Open Book
All answers come from the book.
Chapter 8 (2 points per question)
Listing
Name 3 unearned factors that often give children advantages
and disadvantages over others.
1.C
2. C
3.C
Fill in the blank.
4. One unearned factor is ____________, for a child cannot
determine or control whom his bio-
logical parents were that were instrumental in giving birth to
him.
5. A teen ager who has an expensive car is regarded as having
_______________cultural capital.
It can convey status of the teen-ager or his or her family.
6._______________cultural capital includes the words and
languages one hears, has acquired,
and now uses to communicate with others, to think about the
world, and to present oneself to
others.
7. In the textbook, it says that if a person can dress like a doctor
and has straight teeth, then this
person possesses _____________________cultural capital.
8. _______________ designates a person’s overall economic
and social status in a system of
social stratification, according to the textbook.
9. According to ________________________, people
completely lacking in skills, property, or employment constitute
the very bottom of the class system. They form the negatively
privileged property class.

2. 10. A ________________ group is an amorphous group of
people held together by virtue of a lifestyle that has come to be
“expected of all those who wish to belong to the circle” and by
the level of social esteem accorded them.
11. The_____________ poor or urban under class consist
diverse groups of families and individuals living in the inner
city who are “outside the mainstream of the American
occupational system and consequently represent the very bottom
of the economic hierarchy”.
Listing
According to Herbert Gans, a sociologist, name two reasons that
poverty still exists.
12.
13.
Chapter 9
Fill in the blank below. (2 points) per question.
14.______________ consists of people within a larger society
who possess a group consciousness based on the real or
imagined belief that they share a common ancestry, a history, a
homeland, key experience, or some other distinctive trait that
captures the “essence of their peoplehood”.
15. ______________ ______________________is a process by
which people don’t know about, forget, dismiss, or fail to pass
on an ethnic heritage. In the United States, those classified as
white have a great deal of freedom to claim a European ethnic
identity but to “forget” a non-European ethnicity, such as
Kikuyu, one of Kenya’s many ethnic groups.
16. _______________ _________________ occurs when
someone discovers an ethnic identity, as when an adopted child
learns about and identifies with newly found biological
relatives, or a person learns about and revives lost traditions.
17._________________ ____________________ describes a
government or dominant group that creates an ethnic category.
Often the people assigned to that category come from many
different cultures and countries.
18. _____________ ethnic group is the most advantaged ethnic

3. group in a society; it is the ethnic group that possesses the
greatest access to valued resources, including political power.
19. _______________________ethnicity is a sense of self that
is based on little to no awareness of an ethnic identity because
its language, norms, beliefs, and values are so pervasive that
they are considered normative, or mainstream.
Listing
Sociologist Louis Wirth (1945) identified a number of essential
traits that are characteristic of disadvantaged status. List these
five essential traits below.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Fill in the blank.
26. _______________________is a process by which ethnic and
racial distinctions between groups disappear because one group
is absorbed into another group’s culture or because two cultures
blend to form a new culture.
27. _______________________is a rigid and usually
unfavorable judgment about some category of people that does
not change in the face of contradictory evidence. That judgment
is typically applied to anyone who belongs to that category.
28.___________________ is not an attitude but a behavior. It
includes intentional or unintentional unequal treatment of
individuals or groups based on attributes unrelated to merit,
ability, or past performance.
Chapter 10

4. Fill in the blank below.
29. _____________is a biological distinction determined by
primary sex characteristics or the anatomical traits essential to
reproduction.
30. _________________ ___________ _characteristics are used
to distinguish one sex from another. These physical traits (such
as breast development, quality of voice, distribution of facial
and body hair, and skeletal form) are not essential to
reproduction but result from the action of so-called male
(androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones.
31. ____________________is a social distinction based on
culturally conceived and learned ideals about appropriate
appearance, behavior, and mental and emotional characteristics
for males and females.
32. ______________ _____________________draws our
attention to the ways daily activities are organized around
gender ideals, including what we wear, the time to wake up in
the morning, what to do before going to bed at night, the things
to worry about, and even ways of expressing emotion and
experiencing sexual attraction.
33. _____________________ _______________________
refers to “an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or
sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes.
34. ______________ is the belief that one sex—and by
extension, one gender—is superior to another, and that this
superiority justifies inequalities between sexes.
35. ________________ is a point of view that advocates equal
opportunity for men and women.
36. Females often are subordinate to ______________, a gender
term.
37. Which sex often has a shorter life span ? Circle Male or
female?
38.The commercialization of gender _______________ is the
process of introducing products into the market by using
advertising and sales campaigns that promise consumers they
will achieve masculine and feminine ideals if they buy and use

5. the products.
39. The term fa’afa’ fine defines in a third gender in the country
of S________________.
40. Boys who violate “socialization” rules are often labeled
“________________”.
41-45. Essay. Please answer below in five (5) and only five (5)
complete sentences.
Each sentence is worth 2 points. (10 points). Write your answer
in a paragraph, please.
What do you as a student believe is a problem with a little boy
who does not learn appropriate gender related behaviors defined
as masculine in the text? Do you believe that these learned
behaviors can lead to homosexuality among males? Why or
why not?
46-47. Essay. Please answer below in two (2) and only two (2)
complete sentences.
Each sentence is worth 2 points. (4 points). Write your answer
in a paragraph, please.
Regarding income inequality, why do women often earn less
than men? What do you as a student attribute Asian Americans
earning higher incomes per individual on a national level in the
United States as opposed to other racial groups of people such
as White Caucasian, African American, or Hispanic? Why do
you think that Asian Americans on the average earn more per
individual in America?
48-50. Essay. Please answer below in three (3) and only three
(3) complete sentences.
Each sentence is worth 2 points. (6 points). Write your answer
in a paragraph, please.
Should the United States raise the minimum wage to $15.00 per

6. hour, according to Senator Bernie Sanders? Why or why not?
Would raising the minimum wage lift some poor people out of
poverty? Why or why not?