SmartData Webinar Slides JSON-LD

JSON-LD
BridgingthePresentandFutureWebs
Brian Sletten (!@bsletten)
08/17/2015

Speaker Qualiﬁcations
Specialize in next-generation technologies
Author of O'Reilly Videos on Hypermedia and Linking Data
Author of 'Resource-Oriented Architecture Patterns for Webs of Data'
Teaches and speaks internationally about REST, Semantic Web, Data Science,
Security, Visualization, Architecture
Worked in Defense, Finance, Retail, Hospitality, Video Game, Health Care,
Telecommunications and Publishing Industries
International Pop Recording Artist
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Agenda
Introduction
Basic JSON-LD
Expansion, Compaction, Flattened
Development
Real World Uses
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Turtle
<https://w3id.org/people/bsletten>
a <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> ;
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/birthday>
"05-26" ;
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
"Brian Sletten" .
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Remote Turtle
> http get http://bosatsu.net/turtle/brian.ttl
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction>
<http://bosatsu.net/images/briansletten.jpg> .
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Turtle
> rdfcat --out ttl facts.ttl http://bosatsu.net/turtle/brian.ttl
"05-26" ;
<http://bosatsu.net/images/briansletten.jpg> ;
"Brian Sletten" .
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Credit: LinkedData.org License: CC-BY-SA
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JSON-LD Goals
100% Compatible with JSON
Zero Edits Where Possible
Bring Linked Data to Web Development
No knowledge of RDF required
Interoperable with RDF
Can be stored in JSON database engines
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JSON
{
"name" : "Brian Sletten",
"birthday" : "05-26"
}
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JSON-LD
{
"@context" : "http://bosatsu.net/context/basic.jsonld",
}
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Credit: danielcoy
License: CC BY-ND 2.0

JSON-LD Context
> http get http://bosatsu.net/context/basic.jsonld
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Length: 130
Content-Type: application/ld+json
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2015 21:08:17 GMT
ETag: "1049bf-82-50f267f82b680"
Last-Modified: Sun, 15 Feb 2015 20:41:46 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.16 (Debian)
{
"@context": {
"birthday": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/birthday",
"name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name"
}
}
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JSON-LD with Embedded Context
{
"@context" : {
"name" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
"birthday" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/birthday"
},
}
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Generating Turtle From JSON-LD
> rdfcat --out ttl http://bosatsu.net/jsonld/basic.jsonld
[
"05-26" ;
"Brian Sletten"
] .
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JSON-LD with Embedded Context and Id
{
"@context" : {
},
"@id" : "https://w3id.org/people/bsletten",
}
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Generating Turtle From JSON-LD
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/birthday> "05-26" ;
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Brian Sletten" .
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Fetching Turtle
> http get http://bosatsu.net/turtle/brian.ttl
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 124
Content-Type: text/turtle
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2015 22:58:49 GMT
ETag: "1049e7-7c-50f27daf231c0"
"http://bosatsu.net/images/briansletten.jpg" .
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Merging JSON-LD and Turtle
http://bosatsu.net/turtle/brian.ttl
<http://bosatsu.net/images/briansletten.jpg> ;
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JSON-LD with Embedded Context
{
"@context" : {
"fullname" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
"dob" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/birthday"
},
"fullname" : "Brian Sletten",
"dob" : "05-26"
}
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HTTP Link Header (RFC5988)
> http get http://bosatsu.net/json/brian.json
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 56
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2015 23:45:10 GMT
ETag: "1049ea-38-50f29083f5f80"
Link: <http://bosatsu.net/context/basic.jsonld>;
rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context";
type="application/ld+json"
{
"birthday": "05-26",
"name": "Brian Sletten"
}
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JSON-LD Features
Internationalized Resource Identiﬁers (IRIs) for JSON objects
Key disambiguation
Make distributed JSON object references
Support I18N
Typed literals
Ability to express directed graphs
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Terms
Short-hand string identiﬁer
Can be expanded to an IRI or a blank node identiﬁer
Minimal naming restrictions
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Don't start with '@'
Cannot be a keyword
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Node Objects
JSON object
Zero or more properties of a node
Not part of a @context
Does not contain @value, @list or @set keywords
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Value Objects
JSON object
Used to associate types or languages with values
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Node @type
{
"@context" : {
},
"@type" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
}
[
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Brian Sletten"
] .
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Multiple Types
{
"@context" : {
"birthday" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/birthday",
"Person" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
"PhishFan" : "http://example.com/ns/PhishFan"
},
"@type" : ["Person", "PhishFan"],
}
[
a <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> ,
<http://example.com/ns/PhishFan> ;
] .
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@vocab
{
"@context" : {
"@vocab" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
},
"@type" : "Person",
}
[
] .
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Identifying Identiﬁers
{
"@context" : {
},
"@type" : "Person",
"birthday" : "05-26",
"homepage" : "http://bosatsu.net/"
}
[
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> "http://bosatsu.net/" ;
] .
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Identifying Identiﬁers
{
"@context" : {
"@vocab" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
"homepage": {
"@type" : "@id"
}
},
"@type" : "Person",
"birthday" : "05-26",
"homepage" : "http://bosatsu.net/"
}
[
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> <http://bosatsu.net/> ;
] .
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Value @type
{
"@context" : {
"foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
"name" : "foaf:name",
"birthday" : "foaf:birthday",
"xsd" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
"ex" : "http://example.com/ns/",
"age" : { "@id" : "foaf:age", "@type" : "xsd:integer" }
},
"@type" : "ex:Dog",
"name" : "Loki of Asgard",
"birthday" : "05-30",
"age" : "3"
}
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Value @type
@prefix ex: <http://example.com/ns/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
[
a ex:Dog ;
foaf:age 3 ;
foaf:birthday "05-30" ;
foaf:name "Loki of Asgard"
] .
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Resolving Relative Identiﬁers
{
"@context" : {
},
"@id" : "brian",
}
<file:///Users/brian/src/jsonld/brian>
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@base
{
"@context" : {
"@base" : "http://bosatsu.net/people/"
},
"@id" : "brian",
}
<http://bosatsu.net/people/brian>
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Aliasing
{
"@context" : {
"url" : "@id"
},
"url": "http://bosatsu.net/people/brian",
}
<http://bosatsu.net/people/brian>
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@base + Aliasing
{
"@context" : {
"@base": "http://example.com/id/",
"eid" : "@id"
},
"eid": "12345",
}
<http://example.com/id/12345>
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Expansion, Compaction, Flattening

JSON-LD Document
{
"@context":
{
"name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
"homepage": {
"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
"@type": "@id"
}
},
"name": "Manu Sporny",
"homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
}
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JSON-LD Expanded Form
[
{
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
{ "@value": "Manu Sporny" }
],
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
{ "@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/" }
]
}
]
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JSON-LD Document Compacted (Alt Context)
{
"@context":
{
"nom": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
"page": {
"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
"@type": "@id"
}
},
"nom": "Manu Sporny",
"page": "http://manu.sporny.org/"
}
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JSON-LD Document
{
"@context" : {
},
"@id" : "https://w3id.org/people/bsletten",
"knows" : [
{ "@type" : "Person",
"name" : "Sean Cier" },
{ "@type" : "Person",
"name" : "Jeff Ricks" },
{ "@id" : "http://example.com/id/ironman",
"@type" : "Person",
"name" : "Malik Coates" }
]
}
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JSON-LD Document Flattened
{ "@graph": [
{ "@id": "_:b0",
"@type": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person",
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Sean Cier" },
{ "@id": "_:b1",
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Jeff Ricks" },
{ "@id": "http://example.com/id/ironman",
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Malik Coates" },
{ "@id": "https://w3id.org/people/bsletten",
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": [
{ "@id": "_:b0" },
{ "@id": "_:b1" },
{ "@id": "http://example.com/id/ironman" }
],
"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": "Brian Sletten"
}]
}
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Credit: http://json-ld.org/playground/index.html
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JSON-LD Tools
JavaScript : https://github.com/digitalbazaar/jsonld.js
Python
PHP
Ruby : https://github.com/ruby-rdf/json-ld/
Java : https://github.com/jsonld-java/jsonld-java
C# : https://github.com/NuGet/json-ld.net
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https://github.com/digitalbazaar/pyld
https://github.com/RDFLib/rdﬂib-jsonld
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https://github.com/digitalbazaar/php-json-ld
https://github.com/lanthaler/JsonLD
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JSON-LD (Javascript)
var jsonld = require('jsonld');
var doc = {
"http://schema.org/name": "Manu Sporny",
"http://schema.org/url": {"@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/"},
"http://schema.org/image": {"@id": "http://manu.sporny.org/images/manu.pn
};
var context = {
"name": "http://schema.org/name",
"homepage": {"@id": "http://schema.org/url", "@type": "@id"},
"image": {"@id": "http://schema.org/image", "@type": "@id"}
};
// compact a document according to a particular context
jsonld.compact(doc, context, function(err, compacted) {
console.log(JSON.stringify(compacted, null, 2));
});
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JSON-LD (Java)
// Open a valid json(-ld) input file
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("input.json");
// Read the file into an Object (The type of this object will be a List, Ma
// Number or null depending on the root object in the file).
Object jsonObject = JsonUtils.fromInputStream(inputStream);
// Create a context JSON map containing prefixes and definitions
Map context = new HashMap();
// Customise context...
// Create an instance of JsonLdOptions with the standard JSON-
LD options
JsonLdOptions options = new JsonLdOptions();
// Customise options...
// Call whichever JSONLD function you want! (e.g. compact)
Object compact = JsonLdProcessor.compact(jsonObject, context, options);
// Print out the result (or don't, it's your call!)
System.out.println(JsonUtils.toPrettyString(compact));
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Wrapping Existing APIs
// RFC 6570 URI Templates
def url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?
latlng=${lat},${lon}&key=${googleConfig.geocode.apikey}"
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Embedded JSON-LD
<html>
<body>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "http://schema.org",
"@type": "EventReservation",
"reservationNumber": "IO12345",
"underName": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "John Smith"
},
...
</script>
...
</html>
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RSVPAction
{
"@context": "http://schema.org",
"@type": "Event",
"name": "John's Birthday Party",
... information about the event ...
"action": {
"@type": "RsvpAction",
"actionHandler": {
"@type": "HttpActionHandler",
"url": "https://events-organizer.com/rsvp?eventId=123",
"method": "POST",
"requiredProperty": "rsvpStatus",
}
}
}
</script>
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Responding...
POST /rsvp?eventId=123 HTTP/1.1
Host: events-organizer.com
Authorization: Bearer AbCdEf123456
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/1.0
(KHTML, like Gecko; Gmail Actions)
rsvpStatus=YES
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[{
"@context" : "http://schema.org",
"@type" : "MusicEvent",
"name" : "Phish",
"startDate" : "2015-09-04T19:30",
"location" : {
"@type" : "Place",
"name" : "Dick's Sporting Goods Park",
"address" : "6000 Victory Way, Commerce City, CO, USA"
},
"offers" : {
"@type" : "Offer",
"url" : "http://www.altitudetickets.com/event/phish-sep-4-
3671/"
}
},
...
]
</script>
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{
"@context": "https://w3id.org/identity/v1",
"id": "https://example.com/identities/bob",
"type": ["Identity", "Person"],
"name": "Bob Bobman",
"governmentId": "123-45-6789",
"birthdate": "1985-12-14",
"email": "bbob@example.com",
"mobileNumber": "12345678910",
"shippingAddress": {
"street": "372 Sumter Lane",
"city": "Blackrock",
"region": "Nevada",
"postalCode": "237842"
},
...
}
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...
"credential": [{
"id": "http://ssa.us.gov/credentials/3732",
"type": "PassportCredential",
"claim": {
"id": "https://example.com/identities/bob",
"name": "Bob Bobman",
"birthdate": "1985-12-14",
"governmentId": "123-45-6789"
},
"expires": "2018-01-01",
"signature": {
"type": "GraphSignature2012",
"creator": "https://ssa.us.gov/keys/27",
"signature": "3780eyfh3q0fhhfiq3q9f8ahsidfhf29rhaish"
}
}, ... ]
}
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Questions?
" brian@bosatsu.net
! @bsletten
+ http://tinyurl.com/bjs-gplus
$ bsletten

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