Tips for water solution farming management for commercial farms and year-round production. It talks about how big a pump you need for your real water needs and saving a lot of money with the wrong purchase of all materials related to watering your farm.

1. Smart Water
Solution
(SWS)
Prepared by CHAIN Project
SWS advisor

2. What is
Smart
Water
Solution?
To response to water challenge in farm level as individual
farm solution.
What is water challenge in farm level? ……
SMART stand for:
S: Simple
M: Market based
A: Affordable price
R: Reliable
T: Technical feasible

3. Why is Smart Water
Solution important?
❖ Year-round production
❖ Market opportunity
❖ Reduce the risk of production
❖ Reduce production cost
❖ Something else….?

4. Four pillars of Smart Water Solution
Access to Water Abstract Water Application Water
Soil Moisture
Conservation

5. Agri-business Farmer
Led Irrigation
These solutions are part of an AFLID process: Agri-business and Farmer Led
Irrigation Development. This is a deliberate process of developing market-based
solutions by farmers and agribusinesses for irrigation. It is characterized as
small-scale, appropriate and bottom-up.
The SWS are part of climate smart technologies, increasing resilience to climate
change.

7. I have 25 x 50 meter growing vegetable but
in dry season, the water is shortage since
december. I have 5 x 10 meter with 3 meter
depth. What should I do for having water to
irrigate my vegetable year-round?

8. SWS: Access
to water
Pond:
❖ The most priority choice for farmer that can help
farmers increase their livelihood opportunities as it
can be used for fishery and duck raising.
❖ The size and dimensions of farm ponds depends on
the area of farmland that farmers are willing to give
up, its volume of storage capacity and the amount
of water needed in the dry season.(5 months?)
Note: Water Demand calculate by FAO microsoft( Climwat & Cropwat): 4-15mm(Average: ???)
Climwat: https://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/climwat-for-cropwat/en/
Cropwat: https://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/cropwat/en/

9. SWS: Access
to water
Borehole:
❖ Refill a pond/storage especially in the dry season
❖ Is better to know how much we can harvest water from
borehole
❖ Some farmer pump and irrigate directly from borehole
and store in the pond for short period
❖ Best option for small land size and reduce pond size.

10. SWS: Access
to water
Small check-dam:
❖ Take benefit from natural stream that is available in dry
season
❖ With small preparation for auto pump to pond or
storage
❖ Only for farm nearby natural stream.

11. Exercise 1:
How big of pond should we excavate for 1 ha cultivated land irrigated in dry
season?
Exercise 2:
If I have a borehole how big of pond should I excavate for 1 ha cultivated land
irrigation in dry season?
Exercise 3:
Should I excavate a pond or drilling borehole if I have small check-dam already?

12. SWS:
Abstraction
water
Pump/Submersible Pump:
➢ Submersible pump: good with depth water source for
well, borehole, and shallow well.
➢ Water pump: good with shallow water source and can
lift to long distance
➢ Pump: good for shallow and long distance with big
pipe.

13. SWS:
Abstraction
water
Generator for submersible pump: Generators must be sized to
deliver at least 65% of the rated voltage during starting to ensure
adequate starting torque. Besides sizing, generator frequency is
important as the motor speed varies with the frequency (Hz). Due to
pump affinity laws, a pump running at 1 to 2 Hz below motor nameplate
frequency design will not meet its performance curve. Conversely, a
pump running at 1 to 2 Hz above may trip overloads.
For single phase motor need multiple by 3 time compared with motor
need (W) delivery generator in case you use diesel/gasoline generator.
Exercise 4:
For example 1HP motor: 750w x 3 = 2.25 KW And then it is better add
20% for last long use. So it will be 2.7 KW(4 KW in table). If you want to
convert to HP of machine, it will be 4 KW % 0.75 = 5.5 HP. So we can
say that you need 5.5 HP for diesel/gasoline machine.

18. SWS:
Abstraction
water
Pump and Engine (Diesel/Gasoline):
Exercise 5:
If we abstract from pond, it is better to use pump with engine/NOT Motor with
generator. For engine selection capacity, we can see on the seal of pump.

19. Connection Dia: 80mm/3inch
Capacity: 60m3/h
Total Head: 8 meter
Power: 6.5 HP
Speed rpm: 3600

20. Pump size: N60
Head: 130M
Suction: 2-9M
Traction motor: 28HP
Pump rpm: 2900-3600

21. SWS:
Application
water
Pipe (PVC/PE): Which one should we choose? And which
size?
➢ The PVC fabric is stronger than PE (i.e. polyester or HDPE) and is therefore
more resistant to weather effects. PVC has a longer lifespan. We have a
10-year descending warranty on PVC. The warranty on PE is 3 years.
➢ Size depend on how long pipe need and pressure demand?

22. PVC pipe size and maximum flow
PVC pipe size(mm) Maximum flow (m3/h)
21 3
32 10
49 20
60 20
80 50
100 70-80

23. 1 Gallon per minute (GPM) = 0.227 cube per
hour
1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 feet = 0.30 meter

24. SWS:
Application
water
Drip line:
➢ Water outlet: 1.5 - 2.0 - 2.4 - 2.8 -3.2 - 4.0 Litre per hour
➢ Need pressure: 1 bar
➢ Space: 20 cm each
Drip Line Calculation
(Dripline length in metres ÷ Dripper spacing in metres) x Litre output = L/h (Litres
per hour)
Testing Soil Water Distribution and Wetting Patterns
Depending on the soil type and climate, you may wish to check how much water is
being distributed. Based on the method below, you might need to adjust the watering
times accordingly.
You should be looking for a wet spot of 8 - 10cm in diameter from the drip emitter. You
can test the wetting pattern by running the system for 30 minutes. Stop the water flow
for a further 30 minutes and dig into the soil below the emitter and see how far the
water has moved both vertically and horizontally. Ideally, you should have a 30cm
wetting area around the emitter.
https://www.waterirrigation.co.uk/how-to-calculate-drip-line-length-and-run-time

25. SWS:
Application
water
Sprinkler:
➢ Pressure need:
➢ Water outlet:
➢ PVH/pipe: Need to installation
➢ Last long use
Spray tube/Rainy Spray/Micro spray tube:
➢ Convenient
➢ Low cost
➢ Not Last long use: only 1-2 cycle crop

26. Sprinkler type Nozzle/mm Wetted radius/m Pressure/kPa Measured
discharge/m3 h-1
PXH10 4
4
4
10
10
10
200
250
300
0.87
0.95
1.04
PXH20 8
8
8
20
20
20
250
300
350
3.80
3.90
4.20
PY20 7
7
7
20
20
20
250
300
350
3.07
3.15
3.40
PY20 8
8
8
20
20
20
200
250
350
3.50
3.90
4.25
Source: Table 1: sprinkler-nozzle and operating pressure configurations
International Journal of Agriculture and biological engineering, August 2014, Frank
Dwomoh

27. Folding
diameter
(mm)
Outer
diameter
OD
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Drip hole
spacing
(cm)
Drip hole
quantity/ro
w
Flow rate
(m3/10m)
Spray
radius
(m)
Packing
size
(m/roll)
30 20 0.2 30 2 1 2 100
40 25 0.2 30 5 1 2 100
50 32 0.3 30 5 1.65 3 100
63 40 0.3 30 5 1.65 4 100
80 50 0.3 50 5 1.4 5 150
100 63 0.3 50 7 1.4 6 150
120 75 0.3 80 9 1.6 6 100
140 90 0.3 80 9 1.08 9 100
Source: Table 2: Irrigation micro spray tape in farm watering system/spray tube
Alibaba.com

28. SWS: Soil
moisture
conservatio
n
One clear thing is that practices that build up rather than
deplete the soil organic matter – and work with the soil’s
living processes - are essential
Commonly till the soil to loosen it, prepare the seedbed, and
control weeds and pests, tillage also breaks up the soil
structure, can destroy the habitat of helpful organisms,
speeds up decomposition, and increases the threats of
erosion and compaction if not carefully managed. Practices
such as burning and deforestation, without replenishing the
soil, also lead to degradation.

29. SWS: Soil
moisture
conservatio
n (Conti)
While the soil system is fundamental to the growth of living things,
water is one of the most important components of plant growth.
Moisture in the soil determines crop growth and agricultural production.
The germination of seeds and root development depend on water
availability. Crop yields fall drastically if a crop is stressed, even to the
point that additional water that lifts a crop out of the stressed zone may
more than double its yields. Ample soil moisture storage also makes it
possible to overcome dry spells in critical growing stages and hence
secure good yields even when rainfall is erratic or falling outside the
season. On the other hand if, soil moisture falls below a crop’s wilting
point, crop losses will be irretrievable. Soil moisture is critical to soil
chemical processes. Particularly nitrogen-fixation depends on water
availability in the soil and hence soil moisture can contribute
substantially to the availability of nutrients.

31. ➢
➢
➢ W a te r c on s e rv a tion : S oil tra p
➢
➢
➢
Farm
Practices

32. Nutrition
Cycle
.
biolog ic a l, g e olog ic a l,
"s oil c y c le " - 1.
.
:
s oil,
"ba s ins " . proc e s s e s ,
(s p e e d ), fle x ible ,
.

33. ចម្លើយដែលអាចមានគឺមានែូចខាងម្រា្មនេះ៖
១. ដាាំមដាយ្ិនភ្ជួរ/ដាាំមដាយ្រាប់ផ្ទាល់
២. ដាក់លា្កសត្វ ឬជីកាំប៉ុស
៣. ម្បើគ្្បែី
៤. រារម្បើ្រាស់ែាំណាាំគ្្បែី និងជី្សស់
៥. ដាាំែាំណាាំអាំបូរសដតែក
៦. ដាក់ធ្យូងម ាកនុងែី
៧. ដាក់ជីកាំប៉ុសជមនលន
៨. ដាក់ជីគី្ី
៩. លាបជីជីវសា្សរ
១០. ម្បើបមចេកមេសរាត្់បនថយសាំតឹកែី
១១. រារអន៉ុវត្រមសេងៗ ។ល។
Farm
practices for
soil moisture
conversation