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Condensed Matter Physics
Condensed Matter Physics
Lecture 13
Cs
Cl
Cesium Chloride (CsCl): A simple cubic Lattice with a Basis
Basis:
Cs at[0, 0, 0] (i.e., on the simple cubic)
Cl at [½, ½, ½] (i.e., in the middle of each cube)
CsCl =Simple Cubic
with Basis
Cs at [0, 0, 0]
Cl at [½, ½, ½]
Cs = Simple Cubic
with Basis
= BCC
Cs at [0, 0, 0]
Cs at [½, ½, ½]
Na forms FCC lattice.
Cl is displaced (1/2,1/2,1/2) from each Na
a2
a3
a1
Polycrystalline Material
1 micron
2θ =
a
b
b
d
c
e f g
h
{hkl} N=h2+k2+l2 P I F
100 1 *
110 2 * *
111 3 * *
200 4 * * *
210 5 *
211 6 * *
--- 7
220 8 * * *
P = Primitive (simple) cubic All hkl
I = BCC h+k+l = even
F= FCC h,k,l all even or all odd
Scattering
Selection Rules
220 8 * * *
221 , 300 9 *
310 10 * *
311 11 * *
222 12 * * *
320 13 *
321 14 * *
--- 15
400 16 * * *
P: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9, ….. (= all integers excluding 7, 15, 23,…)
I : 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 … (= even integers excluding 28, 60…)
F: 3,4,8,11,12,16,19,20 ….
Sequence of
N values
2θ =
a
b
b
d
c
e f g
h
Angle 2θ
a 38.43 2.3405Å 1.0000 3.0000 3 111 4.0538Å
b 44.67 2.0269Å 1.3333 3.9999 4 200 4.0539Å
c 65.02 1.4332Å 2.6667 8.0002 8 220 4.0538Å
Peak
c 65.02 1.4332Å 2.6667 8.0002 8 220 4.0538Å
d 78.13 1.2223Å 3.6666 10.9999 11 311 4.0538Å
e 82.33 1.1702Å 4.0000 12.0001 12 222 4.0538Å
f 98.93 1.0135Å 5.3327 15.9980 16 400 4.0541Å
g 111.83 0.9301Å 6.3327 18.9980 19 331 4.0540Å
h 116.36 0.9065Å 6.6657 19.9972 20 420 4.0541Å
FCC! : h,k,l all even or all odd : N = 3,4,8,11,12 …
2θ =
111
200
311
220
222 400
331
420
h2+k2+l2: 3 4 8 11 12 16 19 20
X-rays
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
23
X-rays
Simple Cubic!
2θ =
111
200
311
220
222 400
331
420
h2+k2+l2: 3 4 8 11 12 16 19 20
Geometric Lorentz Factor
2θ =
111
200
311
220
222 400
331
420
h2+k2+l2: 3 4 8 11 12 16 19 20
Three of the 8 possible families of lattice planes in the {111} class.
Three of the 8 possible families of lattice planes in the {111} class.
All of these faces show the same spacing between lattice planes.
In a powder experiment all of these scatter at the same angle
Intensity of scattering is weighted by the multiplicity
{hkl} N=h2+k2+l2 P I F
100 1 *
110 2 * *
111 3 * *
200 4 * * *
210 5 *
211 6 * *
--- 7
220 8 * * *
P = Primitive (simple) cubic All hkl
I = BCC h+k+l = even
F= FCC h,k,l all even or all odd
Scattering
Selection Rules
Multiplicity
6
12
8
6
24
24
--
12
220 8 * * *
221 , 300 9 *
310 10 * *
311 11 * *
222 12 * * *
320 13 *
321 14 * *
--- 15
400 16 * * *
P: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9, ….. (= all integers excluding 7, 15, 23,…)
I : 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 … (= even integers excluding 28, 60…)
F: 3,4,8,11,12,16,19,20 ….
Sequence of
N values
12
24+6
24
24
8
24
48
--
6
2θ =
111
200
311
220
222 400
331
420
Multiplicity: 8 6 12 24 8 6 24 24
h2+k2+l2: 3 4 8 11 12 16 19 20

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slides from chapter thirteen condensed matter

  • 1. Slides Condensed Matter Physics Condensed Matter Physics Lecture 13
  • 2. Cs Cl Cesium Chloride (CsCl): A simple cubic Lattice with a Basis Basis: Cs at[0, 0, 0] (i.e., on the simple cubic) Cl at [½, ½, ½] (i.e., in the middle of each cube)
  • 3. CsCl =Simple Cubic with Basis Cs at [0, 0, 0] Cl at [½, ½, ½] Cs = Simple Cubic with Basis = BCC Cs at [0, 0, 0] Cs at [½, ½, ½]
  • 4. Na forms FCC lattice. Cl is displaced (1/2,1/2,1/2) from each Na
  • 6.
  • 8. {hkl} N=h2+k2+l2 P I F 100 1 * 110 2 * * 111 3 * * 200 4 * * * 210 5 * 211 6 * * --- 7 220 8 * * * P = Primitive (simple) cubic All hkl I = BCC h+k+l = even F= FCC h,k,l all even or all odd Scattering Selection Rules 220 8 * * * 221 , 300 9 * 310 10 * * 311 11 * * 222 12 * * * 320 13 * 321 14 * * --- 15 400 16 * * * P: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9, ….. (= all integers excluding 7, 15, 23,…) I : 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 … (= even integers excluding 28, 60…) F: 3,4,8,11,12,16,19,20 …. Sequence of N values
  • 10. Angle 2θ a 38.43 2.3405Å 1.0000 3.0000 3 111 4.0538Å b 44.67 2.0269Å 1.3333 3.9999 4 200 4.0539Å c 65.02 1.4332Å 2.6667 8.0002 8 220 4.0538Å Peak c 65.02 1.4332Å 2.6667 8.0002 8 220 4.0538Å d 78.13 1.2223Å 3.6666 10.9999 11 311 4.0538Å e 82.33 1.1702Å 4.0000 12.0001 12 222 4.0538Å f 98.93 1.0135Å 5.3327 15.9980 16 400 4.0541Å g 111.83 0.9301Å 6.3327 18.9980 19 331 4.0540Å h 116.36 0.9065Å 6.6657 19.9972 20 420 4.0541Å FCC! : h,k,l all even or all odd : N = 3,4,8,11,12 …
  • 17. Three of the 8 possible families of lattice planes in the {111} class. Three of the 8 possible families of lattice planes in the {111} class. All of these faces show the same spacing between lattice planes. In a powder experiment all of these scatter at the same angle Intensity of scattering is weighted by the multiplicity
  • 18. {hkl} N=h2+k2+l2 P I F 100 1 * 110 2 * * 111 3 * * 200 4 * * * 210 5 * 211 6 * * --- 7 220 8 * * * P = Primitive (simple) cubic All hkl I = BCC h+k+l = even F= FCC h,k,l all even or all odd Scattering Selection Rules Multiplicity 6 12 8 6 24 24 -- 12 220 8 * * * 221 , 300 9 * 310 10 * * 311 11 * * 222 12 * * * 320 13 * 321 14 * * --- 15 400 16 * * * P: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9, ….. (= all integers excluding 7, 15, 23,…) I : 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 … (= even integers excluding 28, 60…) F: 3,4,8,11,12,16,19,20 …. Sequence of N values 12 24+6 24 24 8 24 48 -- 6
  • 19. 2θ = 111 200 311 220 222 400 331 420 Multiplicity: 8 6 12 24 8 6 24 24 h2+k2+l2: 3 4 8 11 12 16 19 20