The document provides an introduction to the Islamic tradition through an analysis of the Hadith of Jibrael. It begins with definitions of key Islamic terms like Deen, Islam, and Ibrahimic tradition. It then summarizes the Hadith of Jibrael, in which Jibrael asks the Prophet Muhammad questions about Iman, Islam, Ihsan. The Prophet's responses outline the three dimensions of faith, submission, and excellence. The document concludes by linking these three aspects to different disciplines in Islamic sciences and verses from the Quran.

1. Module I: Introduction to the Deen of Islam
Understanding Islam through the Hadith of Jibrael

2. Agenda for discussion
• Definition of Islam
– Meaning of Deen
– Meaning of Islam
– Significance of the tradition of Prophet Ibrahim (A.S)
• Description of Islam contained in the Hadith of Jibrael
– Iman
– Islam
– Ihsan

3. Mention of Islam in the Qur’an: Islam is a Deen
(‫)دين‬
َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
‫ين‬ِ‫الد‬
ِ‫هللا‬ ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬
‫م‬‫َل‬ْ‫س‬ِ ْ
‫اْل‬
Verily, the only Deen in the sight of Allah (S.W.T) is Islam.
(Surah Aal-Imran: 19)

4. Understanding the meaning through root letters
• ‫ک۔ت۔ب‬: ‫کاتب‬, ‫مکتوب‬, ‫مکتب‬
• ‫س‬
-
‫ج‬
-
‫د‬ : ‫ساجد‬, ‫مسجود‬, ‫مسجد‬
• ‫ق۔ت۔ل‬: ‫قاتل‬, ‫مقتول‬, ‫مقتل‬

5. Islam is a Deen (‫)دين‬
• Meaning of Deen (‫)دين‬ – [‫]د۔ی۔ن‬
– An Obligation or Trust which must be fulfilled
– Complete code of life / complete way of life

6. Mention of Trust in the Qur’an
‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
‫ا‬‫ْن‬‫ض‬‫ر‬‫ع‬
‫ة‬‫ان‬‫م‬ ْ
‫اْل‬
ِ
‫ض‬ ْ‫ر‬ ْ
‫اْل‬‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫او‬‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬‫ل‬‫ع‬
‫ن‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬‫ي‬ ْ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ْن‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ف‬ ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ب‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ال‬‫و‬
‫ا‬‫ه‬
‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬‫أ‬‫و‬
‫ظ‬ ‫ان‬‫ك‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ۖ ُ‫ان‬‫س‬ْ‫ن‬ِ ْ
‫اْل‬ ‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ح‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫م‬ُ‫ل‬
‫ا‬
‫مل‬ُ‫ه‬‫ج‬
The fact is that We offered the Trust to the heavens, to the
earth and to the mountains, but they refused to undertake it
and were afraid, but man undertook it. He was indeed unjust
and foolish.

7. Islam as a Cultural Tradition
• Marshall Hodgson: The Venture of Islam
• Cultural tradition: a way of life transmitted through various
generations.

8. The Islamic Tradition
• Islam is the religion of all prophets
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ة‬‫د‬ ِ‫اح‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ُ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬َّ‫م‬ُ‫أ‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
ِ‫ُون‬‫د‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ف‬
VERILY, [O you who believe in Me,] this ummah (community)
of yours is one single ummah, since I am the Sustainer of you
all: worship, then, Me [alone]! [Surah al-Anbiya: 92]

9. The Deen of Islam
• Meaning of Islam (‫)اسَلم‬ – [‫]س۔ل۔م‬
– Submission
– Peace

10. Islam is linked with the tradition of Ibrahim
(A.S)
ٍ‫يم‬ِ‫ق‬‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫اط‬‫ر‬ ِ
‫ص‬ ٰ
‫ى‬‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫م‬
‫يم‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ْر‬‫ب‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬َّ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬
‫ين‬ِ‫ك‬ ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ان‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬‫و‬ ۚ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ح‬
Say: Lo! As for me, my Lord has guided me to a straight path, a
right religion, the tradition of Ibrahim, the upright, who was
no idolater. (Al-An‘am: 161)

11. Submission of Ibrahim (A.S)
ُ‫ه‬ُّ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ُ‫ه‬‫ل‬ ‫ال‬‫ق‬ ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬
ْ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ال‬‫ق‬ ۖ
ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬‫ل‬ْ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ين‬ِ‫م‬‫ال‬‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ر‬ِ‫ل‬
When his (Ibrahim’s) Lord said to him: Surrender! he said: I
have surrendered to the Lord of the Worlds. (Al-Baqara: 131)

12. Peace bestowed upon Ibrahim (A.S)
‫م‬‫َل‬‫س‬
ٰ
‫ى‬‫ل‬‫ع‬
‫يم‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ْر‬‫ب‬ِ‫إ‬
۰
‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ٰ‫ذ‬‫ك‬
‫ين‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ ِ
‫ز‬ْ‫ج‬‫ن‬
Peace be upon Ibrahim (A.S)! This is how We reward the good.
[Surah as-Saaffaat: 109, 110]

13. Understanding Islam through the Hadith of
Jibrael
• Also known as Umm-us-Sunnah
• Incident occurred in the last days of the worldly life of the Prophet
(S.A.W)
• Included In: Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Musnad Imam Ahmad,
Jami‘ Tirmidhi, Sahih al-Hakim, Arba‘een Imam Nawawi
• Narrated by: Umar Ibn Khattab, Abu Hurairah, Abdullah Ibn Umar,
Abdullah Ibn Abbas.

14. Hadith of Jibrael - First Question: Iman
• Narrated by Abu Hurairah:
• One day while the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ was sitting in the company of
some people, Jibrael (A.S) came and asked, "What is Iman?"
Allah's Messenger ‫ﷺ‬ replied, ‘Iman is to believe in Allah,
His angels, (the) meeting with Him, His Apostles, and to
believe in Resurrection."

15. Hadith of Jibrael - Second Question: Islam
• Then he further asked, "What is Islam?" Allah's
Messenger ‫ﷺ‬ replied, "To worship Allah Alone and none
else, to offer prayers perfectly to pay the compulsory charity
(Zakat) and to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan."

16. Hadith of Jibrael - Third Question: Ihsan
• Then he further asked, "What is Ihsan (perfection)?" Allah's
Messenger ‫ﷺ‬ replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him,
and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion then you
must consider that He is looking at you."

17. Hadith of Jibrael - Last Question: Yaum al-Qiyama
• Then he further asked, "When will the Hour be established?" Allah's
Messenger ‫ﷺ‬ replied, "The answerer has no better knowledge than the
questioner. But I will inform you about its portents.
1. When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.
2. When the shepherds of black camels start boasting and competing with
others in the construction of higher buildings. And the Hour is one of
five things which nobody knows except Allah.

18. • The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ then recited:
َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
‫هللا‬
ِ‫ة‬‫اع‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬‫د‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬
"Verily, with Allah (Alone) is the knowledge of the Hour."
[Surah Luqman :34]
Then that man (Jibrael) left and the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ asked his
companions to call him back, but they could not see him.
Then the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said, "That was Jibrael who came to
teach the people their religion."

19. Three Dimensions of Islam
• Iman (Beliefs)
– root letters (‫)ا۔م۔ن‬ refer to security
• Islam (Actions)
– root letters (
‫س۔ل۔م‬
) refer to peace
• Ihsan (Feelings, Inner Attributes)
– root letters (
‫ح۔س۔ن‬
) refer to beauty, perfection and excellence

20. Hadith of Jibrael and the three aspects of
human personality
• Iman – Intellectual
• Islam – Practical
• Ihsan – Emotional

21. Three Disciplines in Islamic Sciences
• Iman
– Ilm al-Kalam, Ilm al-Aqa’id, Islamic Theology
• Islam
– Ilm al-Fiqh, Islamic Law
• Ihsan
– Ilm al-Ihsan, Tasawwuf, Tazkiyya, Ilm al-Akhlaq, Islamic Ethics

22. ‫ا‬‫م‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
‫د‬ ِ‫اج‬‫س‬‫م‬ ُ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬‫ي‬
ِ‫هللا‬
‫ن‬‫آم‬ ْ‫ن‬‫م‬
ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬
‫ق‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ِ
‫ر‬ ِ‫اآلخ‬ ِ‫م‬ ْ‫م‬‫ي‬ْ‫ال‬‫و‬
َّ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ش‬ْ‫خ‬‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫اة‬‫ك‬َّ‫الز‬ ‫ى‬‫آت‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫َل‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ ‫ام‬
‫هللا‬
‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ْ‫ا‬‫م‬ُ‫ن‬‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬ ْ‫و‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ف‬
‫ين‬ِ‫د‬‫ت‬ْ‫ه‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬
The masaajid of Allah shall be visited and maintained by those
who believe in Allah and the Last Day, establish regular prayers
and practice regular charity and fear none except Allah. It is they
who are expected to be on true guidance. [Surah at-Tauba: 18]

23. Three levels of excellence
‫ْس‬‫ي‬‫ل‬
ِ‫ف‬ ‫اح‬‫ن‬ُ‫ج‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ح‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ ْ‫ا‬‫م‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬‫ع‬‫و‬ ْ‫ا‬‫م‬ُ‫ن‬‫آم‬ ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ ‫ى‬‫ل‬‫ع‬
ْ‫ا‬‫م‬‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ‫ا‬‫م‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ع‬‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫يم‬
‫ع‬‫و‬ ْ‫ا‬‫م‬ُ‫ن‬‫آم‬ َّ‫و‬
ْ‫ا‬‫م‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬
ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ح‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬
ْ‫ا‬‫م‬‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ا‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬
ْ‫ا‬‫م‬ُ‫ن‬‫آم‬ َّ‫و‬
َّ‫و‬ ْ‫ا‬‫م‬‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ا‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬
ُ‫ن‬‫س‬ْ‫ح‬‫أ‬
ْ‫ا‬‫م‬
ُ‫هللا‬‫و‬
‫ين‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ُّ‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬
There is no blame on those who believe and do good deeds for what they
ate in the past, provided they remain pious, and believe and do righteous
deeds, then remain pious and believe, and then remain pious and attain
Ihsan. For Allah loves the people of Ihsan. [Surah al-Ma’ida: 93]

24. Qur’anic formula to attain excellence in Islam
ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ت‬‫ا‬
‫َل‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫َل‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ ِ‫م‬ِ‫ق‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ْك‬‫ي‬‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫وح‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬
ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫و‬ ِ
‫ر‬‫نك‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫ش‬ْ‫ح‬‫ف‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ‫ن‬‫ع‬ ‫ى‬‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ة‬
ِ‫هللا‬
ُ‫ر‬‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬‫أ‬
ُ‫هللا‬‫و‬
‫من‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬ْ‫ص‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ ُ‫م‬‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬‫ي‬
Recite from this Book (Al-Qur'an) which has been revealed to you
and establish Salah. Surely Salah keeps one away from shameful and
evil deeds; and surely the remembrance of Allah is the greatest of
all, Allah knows what you do. [Surah al-Ankabut: 45]

25. Ihsan (Noble Feelings)
• Ihsan means beauty
• Tazkiyya means purification
• Ihsan includes:
– Adorning oneself with noble inner attributes like: Love for Allah
(S.W.T) and His Prophet (S.A.W), Sincerity, Humility, Modesty,
Gratitude, Patience
– Leaving evil inner attributes like: Arrogance, Ingratitude, Immodesty

27. Difference in the order of narration
• Sahih Bukhari:
– Iman, Islam and Ihsan
• Sahih Muslim:
– Islam, Iman and Ihsan

28. Signs of the Day of Judgment
• Minor Signs: Widespread bloodshed, adultery, usury, use
of musical instruments, alcohol
• Major Signs: (1) The Dajjaal; (2) the descent of Eesa (A.S);
(3) Ya’jooj and Ma’jooj; (4, 5, 6) three earthquakes, one in the
east, one in the west and one in the Arabian Peninsula; (7) the
smoke; (8) the rising of the sun from its place of setting; (9) the
Beast; and (10) the fire which will drive the people to their
place of gathering.

29. Signs of the Day of Judgment
• A slave-girl will give birth to her master.
– Muslim conquests
– Disobedience of the children
– Surrogate mothers?

30. Signs of the Day of Judgment
• Shepherds will construct tall buildings
– Literal meaning: construction of tall buildings in Arab countries
– Incapable people will become rulers
• Conclusive statement:
– Social order will be destroyed

31. The Dimension of Time
‫ا‬‫ي‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ح‬ْ‫د‬‫ك‬ ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ح‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ك‬ ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ان‬‫نس‬ِ ْ
‫اْل‬ ‫ا‬‫ُّه‬‫ي‬‫أ‬
ِ‫ق‬‫َل‬ُ‫م‬‫ف‬
ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬
O man! verily you are ever toiling on towards the Lord
painfully toiling but you will meet Him. [Al-Inshiqaq: 6]