SLD Revolution: A Cheaper, Faster yet more Accurate Streaming Linked Data Framework

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Second RSP workshop co-located with the 17th Extended Seamntic Web Conference. This is a joint work from Marco Balduini, Emanuele Della Valle at Riccardo Tommasini DEIB, Politecnico of Milano, Milano, Italy.

Technology

Politecnico di Milano, DEIB
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
Marco Balduini, Riccardo Tommasini, Emanuele Della Valle
A Cheaper, Faster yet more Accurate  
Streaming Linked Data Framework
1

ESWC
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
RSP is Great!
2

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
Why RSP?
3
- offers a generic overview over streams and static data
- enables query answering across heterogeneous sources
- consents to create/publish new streams or graphs

ESWC
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
The RSP Idea
4
in short

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
CQL Model
5
Streams
Relations
Streams-to-Relations
Relations-to-Streams
Relationsto-Relations
The CQL continuous query language  
- Arvind Arasu · Shivnath Babu · Jennifer Widom, 2006, VLDBJ

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
RSP-QL Model
6
RDF Streams Solution
Mappings
S2R operators
R2S operators
R2R operators
The CQL continuous query language  
- E. Della Valle, S. Ceri, D. Barbieri, D. Braga, A. Campi, 2008, FIS

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
RSP in a Nutshell
7
RDF Stream-to-RDF
RDF-to-RDF (solution mappings)
RDF-to-RDF Stream
on RDF Streams

ESWC
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
RSP in Practice
8
With SLD

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
An Social Media Example
9
How many micro-posts do occur over time?
How often does a hashtag appears in the micro-post
stream?
Two Information Needs

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
Streaming Linked Data Server
Sources
Raw Stream
10
Adapter RDF Stream Bus Publisher
Visualizer
Recorder Re-player Analiser Decorator

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
11

Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
An Important
Optimisation
REGISTER STREAM sstr AS
CONSTRUCT {
?id sma:twitterCount ?tc }
FROM STREAM <social> [RANGE 1m STEP 1m]
WHERE {
SELECT (uuid() AS ?id) ?tc
WHERE {
SELECT
(COUNT (DISTINCT ?mp) AS ?tc)
WHERE {
?mp a sma:Tweet } } }
12

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
13

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
14

Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
Using
C-SPARQL
REGISTER STREAM countT AS
CONSTRUCT {
?uid sma:twitterCount ?tot .}
FROM STREAM <sstr> [RANGE 15m
STEP 1m]
WHERE {
SELECT
(uuid() AS ?uid)
(SUM(?tc) AS ?tot)
WHERE {
?id sma:twitterCount ?tc }}
15

ESWC
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
Is RSP always great?
16

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
Observations
17
It is flexible. :)
It forces RDF when query results are often relational :(
It is not optimal, i.e. RSP-QL vs SQL vs Path Queries
on SLD

ESWC
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
Revolutionising SLD
18

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
A “Lazy” Processing Model
19
Stream operators can be applied on generic data items.
QL-specific operators requires a particular data type.
Postpone the data transformation as late as possible.
on streams

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
Generic Programming
20
Generic programming is a style of computer
programming in which algorithms are written in terms of
types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated
when needed for specific types provided as parameters.
an old idea

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
A new Processing Model
21
Generic 
Streams<T>
Generic 
Instantaneous<T>
S2I<T>
I2S<T>
I2I<T>

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
Lazy Transformation by Generic Programming
22
stream-to-instantaneous<T>
instantaneous-to-instantaneous<T>
instantaneous-to-stream<T>
on streams<T>

ESWC
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
RSP in Practice
23
with SLD Revolution

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
Sources
Stream
Sink
Streaming Linked Data Revolution Server
24
Receiver Generic Stream Bus Translator
Stream
Recorder Re-player Processor Decorator

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
25

ESWC
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
SLD vs SLD Revolution
26
Let’s be quantitative

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
It is faster, cheaper yet more accurate than SLD.
27
R² = 0,96413R² = 0,99891
30
300
3000
1 10 100
Median Engine Memory (MB)
Median CPU Load (%)
SLD
SLD Revolution
Expon. (SLD)
Linear (SLD Revolution)

ESWC
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
Discussion & Conclusion
28

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
Observations
29
It is faster, cheaper yet more accurate than SLD. :)
It requires to know EPL, SPARQL, JSON path queries. :(
It is optimised and, thus, not flexible. :(
on SLD Revolution

EyE
Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
ESWC
Open Problems
30
RSP-QL is not always the best solution in terms of cost/performance
Can we identify an optimum?
Can we define a cost model for RSP-QL ?

Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano
Questions?
Email: riccardo.tommasini@polimi.it 
Twitter: @rictomm
31
Email: marco.balduini@polimi.it 
Twitter: @ balducci85
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907.  
Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, NY, US

Abstract. Many approaches have been proposed for Stream Reasoning (SR). Some of them combine information flow processing (IFP) techniques and semantic technologies to make sense in real-time of noisy, vast and heterogeneous data streams that come from complex domains. More recent works shown the presence of a trade-off between through- put and reasoning expressiveness. Indeed, systems with IFP-like performance are not really expressive (e.g. up to an RDFS subset) and vice versa. For static data, Information Integration (II) systems approached the problem already. The idea consists in spreading the reasoning com- plexity over different layers of an hierarchical architecture and treating it where it is easier to do. Is it possible realize an expressive and efficient stream reasoning (E2SR), by defining a hierarchical approach that adapts II techniques to the streaming scenario? In this paper, I discuss my plan towards E2SR, the intuition of adapting Information Integration techniques to the streaming scenario and the need of Stream Reasoning of comparative analysis to support its technological progress.

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Benchmarks like LSBench, SRBench, CSRBench and, more recently, CityBench satisfy the growing need of shared datasets, ontologies and queries to evaluate window-based RDF Stream Processing (RSP) engines. However, no clear winner emerges out of the evaluation. In this paper, we claim that the RSP community needs to adopt a Systematic Comparative Research Approach (SCRA) if it wants to move a step forward. To this end, we propose a framework that enables SCRA for window based RSP engines. The contributions of this paper are: (i) the requirements to satisfy for tools that aim at enabling SCRA; (ii) the architecture of a facility to design and execute experiment guaranteeing repeatability, reproducibility and comparability; (iii) Heaven – a proof of concept implementation of such architecture that we released as open source –; (iv) two RSP engine implementations, also open source, that we propose as baselines for the comparative research (i.e., they can serve as terms of comparison in future works). We prove Heaven effectiveness using the baselines by: (i) showing that top-down hypothesis verification is not straight forward even in controlled conditions and (ii) providing examples of bottom-up comparative analysis.

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SLD Revolution: A Cheaper, Faster yet more Accurate Streaming Linked Data Framework

1. Politecnico di Milano, DEIB Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano Marco Balduini, Riccardo Tommasini, Emanuele Della Valle A Cheaper, Faster yet more Accurate   Streaming Linked Data Framework 1

2. ESWC Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano RSP is Great! 2

3. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC Why RSP? 3 - offers a generic overview over streams and static data - enables query answering across heterogeneous sources - consents to create/publish new streams or graphs

4. ESWC Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano The RSP Idea 4 in short

5. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC CQL Model 5 Streams Relations Streams-to-Relations Relations-to-Streams Relationsto-Relations The CQL continuous query language   - Arvind Arasu · Shivnath Babu · Jennifer Widom, 2006, VLDBJ

6. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC RSP-QL Model 6 RDF Streams Solution Mappings S2R operators R2S operators R2R operators The CQL continuous query language   - E. Della Valle, S. Ceri, D. Barbieri, D. Braga, A. Campi, 2008, FIS

7. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC RSP in a Nutshell 7 RDF Stream-to-RDF RDF-to-RDF (solution mappings) RDF-to-RDF Stream on RDF Streams

8. ESWC Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano RSP in Practice 8 With SLD

9. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC An Social Media Example 9 How many micro-posts do occur over time? How often does a hashtag appears in the micro-post stream? Two Information Needs

10. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC Streaming Linked Data Server Sources Raw Stream 10 Adapter RDF Stream Bus Publisher Visualizer Recorder Re-player Analiser Decorator

11. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC 11

12. Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano An Important Optimisation REGISTER STREAM sstr AS CONSTRUCT { ?id sma:twitterCount ?tc } FROM STREAM <social> [RANGE 1m STEP 1m] WHERE { SELECT (uuid() AS ?id) ?tc WHERE { SELECT (COUNT (DISTINCT ?mp) AS ?tc) WHERE { ?mp a sma:Tweet } } } 12

13. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC 13

14. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC 14

15. Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano Using C-SPARQL REGISTER STREAM countT AS CONSTRUCT { ?uid sma:twitterCount ?tot .} FROM STREAM <sstr> [RANGE 15m STEP 1m] WHERE { SELECT (uuid() AS ?uid) (SUM(?tc) AS ?tot) WHERE { ?id sma:twitterCount ?tc }} 15

16. ESWC Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano Is RSP always great? 16

17. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC Observations 17 It is flexible. :) It forces RDF when query results are often relational :( It is not optimal, i.e. RSP-QL vs SQL vs Path Queries on SLD

18. ESWC Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano Revolutionising SLD 18

19. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC A “Lazy” Processing Model 19 Stream operators can be applied on generic data items. QL-specific operators requires a particular data type. Postpone the data transformation as late as possible. on streams

20. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC Generic Programming 20 Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters. an old idea

21. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC A new Processing Model 21 Generic  Streams<T> Generic  Instantaneous<T> S2I<T> I2S<T> I2I<T>

22. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC Lazy Transformation by Generic Programming 22 stream-to-instantaneous<T> instantaneous-to-instantaneous<T> instantaneous-to-stream<T> on streams<T>

23. ESWC Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano RSP in Practice 23 with SLD Revolution

24. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC Sources Stream Sink Streaming Linked Data Revolution Server 24 Receiver Generic Stream Bus Translator Stream Recorder Re-player Processor Decorator

25. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC 25

26. ESWC Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano SLD vs SLD Revolution 26 Let’s be quantitative

27. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC It is faster, cheaper yet more accurate than SLD. 27 R² = 0,96413R² = 0,99891 30 300 3000 1 10 100 Median Engine Memory (MB) Median CPU Load (%) SLD SLD Revolution Expon. (SLD) Linear (SLD Revolution)

28. ESWC Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano Discussion & Conclusion 28

29. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC Observations 29 It is faster, cheaper yet more accurate than SLD. :) It requires to know EPL, SPARQL, JSON path queries. :( It is optimised and, thus, not flexible. :( on SLD Revolution

30. EyE Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano ESWC Open Problems 30 RSP-QL is not always the best solution in terms of cost/performance Can we identify an optimum? Can we define a cost model for RSP-QL ?

31. Portoroz - 2017 - Riccardo Tommasini - @rictomm - Politecnico di Milano Questions? Email: riccardo.tommasini@polimi.it  Twitter: @rictomm 31 Email: marco.balduini@polimi.it  Twitter: @ balducci85 Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907.   Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, NY, US

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