Single Particle Tracking
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This document summarizes techniques for single particle and single molecule tracking using fluorescence microscopy. It discusses how relative measurements can be used to track labeled objects in living cells in real time without requiring absolute measurements. It also describes methods for labeling particles or molecules, considerations for sample preparation and imaging, techniques for identifying particle locations, and calculations for determining tracking precision based on measurements of photon counts and point spread functions.
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.
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- X-rays use high energy electromagnetic waves emitted from accelerated electrons to generate images. CT scans take multiple X-ray images from different angles to construct 3D images.
- Ultrasound uses piezoelectric transducers to generate and receive ultrasonic waves, which are reflected differently by tissues. This is used in A-scans and B-scans.
- MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to excite hydrogen nuclei in the body, and detects their signals to construct images based on tissue density and fluid content.
FTIR Spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It begins with background on spectroscopy and how FTIR works. FTIR uses a Michelson interferometer to split infrared light into multiple wavelengths, which interact with and are absorbed by a sample. The detected signal is then converted to an infrared spectrum using a Fourier transform algorithm. This allows FTIR to capture an entire infrared spectrum much faster than a dispersive spectrometer. The document explains the working principles, components, and advantages of FTIR spectroscopy.
SPECTROSCOPY
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It originated through Isaac Newton's experiments using prisms to separate white light into a visible spectrum. Spectroscopy is now used in fields like physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, astronomy, and remote sensing. Different types of spectroscopy include flame, X-ray, atomic emission and absorption, infrared, and mass spectroscopy. A spectrometer is an instrument that measures spectra and shows intensity as a function of properties like wavelength, frequency, or mass. It uses components like prisms, diffraction gratings, or time-of-flight measurements to separate spectra and provide information about materials.
Frequency based criterion for distinguishing tonal and noisy spectral components
A frequency-based criterion for distinguishing tonal and noisy spectral components is proposed. For considered spectral local maximum two instantaneous frequency estimates are determined and the difference between them is used in order to verify whether component is noisy or tonal. Since one of the estimators was invented specially for this application its properties are deeply examined. The proposed criterion is applied to the stationary and nonstationary sinusoids in order to examine its efficiency.
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- 11. 100ms / 10 Frames X Y