The document describes experimental studies of two cylindrical latent heat energy storage systems (LHESS) using lauric acid as the phase change material (PCM). The first is a horizontal cylinder with one finned copper pipe passing through the center. The second is a vertical cylinder with two finned copper pipes allowing for simultaneous charging and discharging. Experiments were conducted to study the phase change behavior of the PCM and heat transfer processes during charging, discharging, and simultaneous charging/discharging. Results show natural convection plays an important role in melting and simultaneous charging/discharging but less so in solidification.
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System Based On Carbon Diox...IJERA Editor
Thermodynamic analysis of a cascade refrigeration system that uses carbon dioxide-ammonia (R744-R717) as refrigerant is presented in this paper to determine the optimum condensing temperature of the cascade condenser at given design parameters, to maximize the COP of the system. The design and operating parameters considered in this study include (1) condensing, sub cooling, evaporating and super heating temperatures in the ammonia (R717) high-temperature circuit, (2) temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger, and (3) evaporating, superheating, condensing and sub cooling in the carbon dioxide (R744) low-temperature circuit. A multilinear regression analysis was employed in order to develop two useful correlations for maximum COP, and optimum condensing temperature.
Optimization of a Shell and Tube Condenser using Numerical MethodIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of installation of the tube external surfaces, their parameter and variable in a shell-and-tube condenser. Variation of heat transfer coefficient with each variable of shell and tube condenser was measured each test. The optimization tube outside diameter size was analyzed and use extended surface area attached tube with tube material and tube layout and arrangement (Number of tube a triangular or hexagonal arrangement) on shell-and tube condenser. The computer programming was used to get faster output in less time. Results suggest that mean heat transfer coefficient in variable condition were mainly at velocity is fixed. And also average additional surfaces and tube layout and the arrangement comparison with the quantity of the heat transfer.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Heat exchangers are used widely in industrial application such as chemical,
food processing, power production, refrigeration and air-conditioning
industries. Helical coiled heat exchangers are used in order to obtain a large
heat transfer per unit volume and to enhance the heat transfer rate on the inside
surface. In the present study, CFD simulations are carried out for a counter
flow tube in tube helical heat exchanger where hot water flows through the
inner tube and cold water flows through the outer tube. From the simulation
results heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and nusselt number are
calculated. The heat transfer characteristics of the same are compared with that
of a counter flow tube in tube straight tube heat exchanger of same length
under same temperature and flow conditions. CFD simulation results showed
that the helical tube in tube heat exchanger is more effective than the straight
tube in tube heat exchanger.
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System Based On Carbon Diox...IJERA Editor
Thermodynamic analysis of a cascade refrigeration system that uses carbon dioxide-ammonia (R744-R717) as refrigerant is presented in this paper to determine the optimum condensing temperature of the cascade condenser at given design parameters, to maximize the COP of the system. The design and operating parameters considered in this study include (1) condensing, sub cooling, evaporating and super heating temperatures in the ammonia (R717) high-temperature circuit, (2) temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger, and (3) evaporating, superheating, condensing and sub cooling in the carbon dioxide (R744) low-temperature circuit. A multilinear regression analysis was employed in order to develop two useful correlations for maximum COP, and optimum condensing temperature.
Optimization of a Shell and Tube Condenser using Numerical MethodIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of installation of the tube external surfaces, their parameter and variable in a shell-and-tube condenser. Variation of heat transfer coefficient with each variable of shell and tube condenser was measured each test. The optimization tube outside diameter size was analyzed and use extended surface area attached tube with tube material and tube layout and arrangement (Number of tube a triangular or hexagonal arrangement) on shell-and tube condenser. The computer programming was used to get faster output in less time. Results suggest that mean heat transfer coefficient in variable condition were mainly at velocity is fixed. And also average additional surfaces and tube layout and the arrangement comparison with the quantity of the heat transfer.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Heat exchangers are used widely in industrial application such as chemical,
food processing, power production, refrigeration and air-conditioning
industries. Helical coiled heat exchangers are used in order to obtain a large
heat transfer per unit volume and to enhance the heat transfer rate on the inside
surface. In the present study, CFD simulations are carried out for a counter
flow tube in tube helical heat exchanger where hot water flows through the
inner tube and cold water flows through the outer tube. From the simulation
results heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and nusselt number are
calculated. The heat transfer characteristics of the same are compared with that
of a counter flow tube in tube straight tube heat exchanger of same length
under same temperature and flow conditions. CFD simulation results showed
that the helical tube in tube heat exchanger is more effective than the straight
tube in tube heat exchanger.
Vortex Tube Usage in Cooling and Liquification Process of Excess Gases in Ghe...Samet Baykul
DATE: 2019.05
- Computational analysis of a vortex tube
- Developing boundary conditions for heat transfer analysis
- CAD by creating a suitable model for heat transfer analysis
- CFD analysis by using ANSYS FLUENT
- Literature survey for recent academic studies
ABSTRACT:
Vortex tubes are simple and common devices which separates a high-pressure gas flow as two different lower gas flows. One of the outlets has a higher temperature than the inlet high pressure gas and other outlet has lower. Most common types of the vortex tubes are counter and parallel flow types. In counter flow type vortex tubes the cold and hot outlets are on opposite sides and in parallel flow type both the outlets are on the same side. Since it is a simple, well known, compact, portable, highly reliable and has a few initial costs, it could be desirable for the specific heating or cooling and refrigeration applications.
CFD Simulation and Heat Transfer Analysis of Automobile Radiator using Helica...IJERD Editor
To ensure smooth running of an automotive vehicle under any variable load conditions, one of the major systems necessary is the cooling system. Automobile radiators are becoming highly power-packed with increasing power to weight or volume ratio. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is one of the important software tools to access preliminary design and the performance of the radiator. In this paper, a 55 hp engine radiator data is taken for analysis in CFD. The model is done Pro-E software and imported in ANSYS-12. Helical tubes are considered for the radiator with two different pitches like 15mm & 20mm. The comparison is done for different mass flow rates like 2.3, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 kg/sec in helical type tubes. It is found that there is more heat dissipation rate in 15mm pitch helical tubes compared to 20mm pitch helical tubes. Maximum temperature drop & minimum pressure drop occurs in case of 0.5 kg/sec of mass flow rate. It is observed that with increased mass flow rate, there is decrease in temperature drop & increase in pressure drop
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pipe-inPipe Helical Coiled...iosrjce
These paper focuses on the effect of the inside tubes at constant value of mass flow rate and variation
of annulus mass flow rate on effect of Dean Number and overall heat transfer coefficient with constant wall
temperature, CFD analysis of a helically coiled heat exchanger. Also deals with the effect of Dean Number with
respect to Reynolds Number and Nusselt Number and Overall Heat Transfer coefficient on change of coil
configuration of helically coiled tube. The particular difference in this study in comparison with the other
similar studies was the boundary conditions for the helical coils. The results indicate that with the decrease the
inner coil diameter, the overall heat transfer coefficient is increased
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Wang W., Makeev A., Povorov S. Experimental investigation on performances of ...Елена Овечкина
In this research, the thermal–hydraulic performance of plate heat exchanger (Ridan HHN no. 04) used in the domestic water system is investigated experimentally. The hot lubrication/water inlet keep temperature and flow rate constant at 72 °C and 0.8–0.1 L/s, the cold–water inlet remained 12 °C with a different velocity. Then the convective heat transfer coefficient increases with enhancement of Reynolds number. Moreover, it is observed that Fanning friction factor decreases with an increase of the Reynolds number and it is shown by the figure. Therefore, it is possible to find that the increase of the Peclet number results in an increase of the Nusselt number as well when the Peclet number in water — water smalls than 2500. Finally, we get heat exchanging performances of the cold side in lubrication/water — water using plate heat exchanger.
Abstract: Passive liquid water recovery from fuel cell effluent can be achieved by designing effective desiccant. Recovered water from desiccant is used for humidification of proton exchange membrane (PEM) to maintain at hydrated state. Proper membrane humidity is crucial to ensure optimal operation of a PEM to generate electricity. In this study a desiccant called water separator is designed, it works without consuming any external energy. The main aim of designing a component is to recover liquid water from hundred percent humidified air (vapour) which is coming out from cathode compartment of fuel stack and it is further used for humidifying the oxidant before entering the stack inlet. The self-sufficient water in vapour is investigated theoretically and experimentally. When the water separator temperature reached the critical point especially in large power applications or long time operation, recovered water was not sufficient for air humidification. On the contrary, it is sufficient while the temperature of water separator was below critical line. The temperature of separator is controlled by providing adequate heat transfer. The recovered amount of water by condensing the outlet gas or vapour to a proper temperature, easily satisfy required amount for humidification of oxidant at inlet of stack.
Keywords:cell stack, Proton exchange membrane, Humidification, Vapour, Liquid water recovery.
THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER AND HYDRO DYNAMICAL CHA...ijmech
Compact size and high heat transfer coefficient of helical coil heat exchangers causes them to have an
important role in various industrial applications. This paper investigate numerically on the influence of
different parameters such as coil radius, coil pitch and diameter of tube on the hydrodynamic and
heat transfer characteristics of helical double tube heat exchangers using the CFD software which is
based on the principles of heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The results indicated that
heat transfer augmentation occurs by increasing of the inner Dean Number, inner tube diameter, curvature
ratio and by the reduction of the pitch of heat exchanger coil. By increasing the radius of coils, the
secondary flow effects due to centrifugal forces diminishes and flow of fluid through the coils tends to flow
in a straight path and as a result, the friction coefficient decreases consequently.
Experimental investigation of performance of plate heat exchanger for water a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Compact heat exchangers are most widely used for heat transfer applications in industries. Plate heat exchanger is one such compact heat exchanger, provides more area for heat transfer between two fluids in comparison with shell and tube heat exchanger. Plate type heat exchangers are widely used for liquid-to-liquid heat transfer applications with high density working fluids. This study is focused on use of plate type heat exchanger for water as a working fluid. This research work deals with experimental investigation of plate type heat exchanger with evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient, exchanger effectiveness. The heat exchanger used for carrying out this work consists of thin metal welded plates of stainless steel with 1mm thickness, rectangular geometry and distance between two plates is 7mm. This test setup consists of total 16 numbers of plates and it is designed to withstand with 850C temperature, pressure drop is neglected. Tests are conducted by varying operating parameters like mass flow rate, inlet temperatures of hot water. The main objective of this work is to find effects of these parameters on performance of plate heat exchanger with parallel flow arrangement. Results show that, overall heat transfer coefficient and convective heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in mass flow rate and Reynolds number. Also the effectiveness varies slightly with heat capacity ratio. In this study, maximum effectiveness achieved for plate heat exchanger with water as a working fluid is 0.48.Use of plate heat exchanger is more advantageous than the tube type heat exchanger with same effectiveness, as it occupies less space.
Keywords: Plate heat exchanger, Convective heat transfer coefficient, Effectiveness, Overall heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds number.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
Ad hoc & sensor networks, Adaptive applications, Aeronautical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
Agricultural Engineering, AI and Image Recognition, Allied engineering materials, Applied mechanics,
Architecture & Planning, Artificial intelligence, Audio Engineering, Automation and Mobile Robots
Automotive Engineering….
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Vortex Tube Usage in Cooling and Liquification Process of Excess Gases in Ghe...Samet Baykul
DATE: 2019.05
- Computational analysis of a vortex tube
- Developing boundary conditions for heat transfer analysis
- CAD by creating a suitable model for heat transfer analysis
- CFD analysis by using ANSYS FLUENT
- Literature survey for recent academic studies
ABSTRACT:
Vortex tubes are simple and common devices which separates a high-pressure gas flow as two different lower gas flows. One of the outlets has a higher temperature than the inlet high pressure gas and other outlet has lower. Most common types of the vortex tubes are counter and parallel flow types. In counter flow type vortex tubes the cold and hot outlets are on opposite sides and in parallel flow type both the outlets are on the same side. Since it is a simple, well known, compact, portable, highly reliable and has a few initial costs, it could be desirable for the specific heating or cooling and refrigeration applications.
CFD Simulation and Heat Transfer Analysis of Automobile Radiator using Helica...IJERD Editor
To ensure smooth running of an automotive vehicle under any variable load conditions, one of the major systems necessary is the cooling system. Automobile radiators are becoming highly power-packed with increasing power to weight or volume ratio. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is one of the important software tools to access preliminary design and the performance of the radiator. In this paper, a 55 hp engine radiator data is taken for analysis in CFD. The model is done Pro-E software and imported in ANSYS-12. Helical tubes are considered for the radiator with two different pitches like 15mm & 20mm. The comparison is done for different mass flow rates like 2.3, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 kg/sec in helical type tubes. It is found that there is more heat dissipation rate in 15mm pitch helical tubes compared to 20mm pitch helical tubes. Maximum temperature drop & minimum pressure drop occurs in case of 0.5 kg/sec of mass flow rate. It is observed that with increased mass flow rate, there is decrease in temperature drop & increase in pressure drop
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pipe-inPipe Helical Coiled...iosrjce
These paper focuses on the effect of the inside tubes at constant value of mass flow rate and variation
of annulus mass flow rate on effect of Dean Number and overall heat transfer coefficient with constant wall
temperature, CFD analysis of a helically coiled heat exchanger. Also deals with the effect of Dean Number with
respect to Reynolds Number and Nusselt Number and Overall Heat Transfer coefficient on change of coil
configuration of helically coiled tube. The particular difference in this study in comparison with the other
similar studies was the boundary conditions for the helical coils. The results indicate that with the decrease the
inner coil diameter, the overall heat transfer coefficient is increased
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Wang W., Makeev A., Povorov S. Experimental investigation on performances of ...Елена Овечкина
In this research, the thermal–hydraulic performance of plate heat exchanger (Ridan HHN no. 04) used in the domestic water system is investigated experimentally. The hot lubrication/water inlet keep temperature and flow rate constant at 72 °C and 0.8–0.1 L/s, the cold–water inlet remained 12 °C with a different velocity. Then the convective heat transfer coefficient increases with enhancement of Reynolds number. Moreover, it is observed that Fanning friction factor decreases with an increase of the Reynolds number and it is shown by the figure. Therefore, it is possible to find that the increase of the Peclet number results in an increase of the Nusselt number as well when the Peclet number in water — water smalls than 2500. Finally, we get heat exchanging performances of the cold side in lubrication/water — water using plate heat exchanger.
Abstract: Passive liquid water recovery from fuel cell effluent can be achieved by designing effective desiccant. Recovered water from desiccant is used for humidification of proton exchange membrane (PEM) to maintain at hydrated state. Proper membrane humidity is crucial to ensure optimal operation of a PEM to generate electricity. In this study a desiccant called water separator is designed, it works without consuming any external energy. The main aim of designing a component is to recover liquid water from hundred percent humidified air (vapour) which is coming out from cathode compartment of fuel stack and it is further used for humidifying the oxidant before entering the stack inlet. The self-sufficient water in vapour is investigated theoretically and experimentally. When the water separator temperature reached the critical point especially in large power applications or long time operation, recovered water was not sufficient for air humidification. On the contrary, it is sufficient while the temperature of water separator was below critical line. The temperature of separator is controlled by providing adequate heat transfer. The recovered amount of water by condensing the outlet gas or vapour to a proper temperature, easily satisfy required amount for humidification of oxidant at inlet of stack.
Keywords:cell stack, Proton exchange membrane, Humidification, Vapour, Liquid water recovery.
THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER AND HYDRO DYNAMICAL CHA...ijmech
Compact size and high heat transfer coefficient of helical coil heat exchangers causes them to have an
important role in various industrial applications. This paper investigate numerically on the influence of
different parameters such as coil radius, coil pitch and diameter of tube on the hydrodynamic and
heat transfer characteristics of helical double tube heat exchangers using the CFD software which is
based on the principles of heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The results indicated that
heat transfer augmentation occurs by increasing of the inner Dean Number, inner tube diameter, curvature
ratio and by the reduction of the pitch of heat exchanger coil. By increasing the radius of coils, the
secondary flow effects due to centrifugal forces diminishes and flow of fluid through the coils tends to flow
in a straight path and as a result, the friction coefficient decreases consequently.
Experimental investigation of performance of plate heat exchanger for water a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Compact heat exchangers are most widely used for heat transfer applications in industries. Plate heat exchanger is one such compact heat exchanger, provides more area for heat transfer between two fluids in comparison with shell and tube heat exchanger. Plate type heat exchangers are widely used for liquid-to-liquid heat transfer applications with high density working fluids. This study is focused on use of plate type heat exchanger for water as a working fluid. This research work deals with experimental investigation of plate type heat exchanger with evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient, exchanger effectiveness. The heat exchanger used for carrying out this work consists of thin metal welded plates of stainless steel with 1mm thickness, rectangular geometry and distance between two plates is 7mm. This test setup consists of total 16 numbers of plates and it is designed to withstand with 850C temperature, pressure drop is neglected. Tests are conducted by varying operating parameters like mass flow rate, inlet temperatures of hot water. The main objective of this work is to find effects of these parameters on performance of plate heat exchanger with parallel flow arrangement. Results show that, overall heat transfer coefficient and convective heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in mass flow rate and Reynolds number. Also the effectiveness varies slightly with heat capacity ratio. In this study, maximum effectiveness achieved for plate heat exchanger with water as a working fluid is 0.48.Use of plate heat exchanger is more advantageous than the tube type heat exchanger with same effectiveness, as it occupies less space.
Keywords: Plate heat exchanger, Convective heat transfer coefficient, Effectiveness, Overall heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds number.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
Ad hoc & sensor networks, Adaptive applications, Aeronautical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
Agricultural Engineering, AI and Image Recognition, Allied engineering materials, Applied mechanics,
Architecture & Planning, Artificial intelligence, Audio Engineering, Automation and Mobile Robots
Automotive Engineering….
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental analysis of partial and fully charged thermal stratified hot wat...IAEME Publication
Developing competent and economical energy storage devices such as thermal energy storage have great importance as it reduces the gap between demand and supply of energy Presently, the
most common storage devices utilize phase change materials (commonly known as eutectic salts),
rock beds and hot water storage. In most cases stratified storage tanks with various capacities are employed for storing energy which was most economical.
Optimization of Air Preheater for compactness of shell by evaluating performa...Nemish Kanwar
Designing of an Air Preheater with increased performance from an existing design through alteration in baffle placement. Analysis of 4 Baffle designs for segmented Baffle case was done using Ansys Fluent. The net heat recovery rate was computed by subtracting pump work from heat recovered. Based on the result, Air Preheater design was recommended.
SRNL Acceptability Envelope metal hydrideschrisrobschu
The design and evaluation of media-based hydrogen storage systems requires the use of
detailed numerical models and experimental studies, with significant amount of time and
monetary investment. Thus a scoping tool, referred to as the Acceptability Envelope, was
developed to screen preliminary candidate media and storage vessel designs, identifying
the range of chemical, physical and geometrical parameters for the coupled media and
storage vessel system that allow it to meet performance targets. The model which
underpins the analysis allows simplifying the storage system, thus resulting in one inputone
output scheme, by grouping of selected quantities.
Two cases have been analyzed and results are presented here. In the first application
the DOE technical targets (Year 2010, Year 2015 and Ultimate) are used to determine the
range of parameters required for the metal hydride media and storage vessel. In the second
case the most promising metal hydrides available are compared, highlighting the potential
of storage systems, utilizing them, to achieve 40% of the 2010 DOE technical target. Results
show that systems based on LiMg media have the best potential to attain these performance
targets.
Srnl acceptability
envelope_metal_hydride_h2_int_j_hydrogen_energy_2012_37
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Assessment of Phase Change Materials for Domestic ApplicatonsEditorIJAERD
Thermal Energy storage has been the significant area of research over the last many decades. Various methods
and materials are developed for storing heat energy. Yet a main obstacle to modern methods is its lack of thermal mass.
Phase change materials are one of the optimized alternate to various energy storing methods and materials. They have
high energy storage capacity. In any case, despite the fact that the data is quantitatively tremendous, it is moreover
spread generally in the writing, and hard to discover. This report contrasts on the properties of phase change materials
and also reveals their significant applications. Furthermore, the discussion includes main benefits and drawbacks of
phase change materials over the different renewable energy sources. It also carries various types of PCMs and
performance analysis of PCMs for selecting the best required PCM for the purpose of heating and cooling of building.
Basic Study on Solid-Liquid Phase Change Problem of Ice around Heat Transfer ...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- Phase change heat transfer around heat transfer tubes is one of the basic problem of an ice heat storage exchanger. It can lead to decrease of thermal storage efficiency and damage of heat transfer tubes if continued freezing further after the ice has bridged because of the generated ice thermal resistance and volume expansion. In this study, we focused on freezing phenomena of phase change material (PCM) between two heat transfer tubes, which can simulate an inside structure of ice heat storage exchangers. Bridging time between two heat transfer tubes was studied numerically. We used water as the PCM, which is filled in the water container. Two horizontal elliptical tubes were used as heat transfer tubes in order to observe the influence of natural convection. Single-domain calculation model was used to calculate arbitrary shape of the two tubes during the ice freezing process. We changed arranged angle and relative position of the tubes to investigate impact of the tube arrangement on freezing phenomenon. In order to confirm the accuracy of our analysis, analytical results were compared with experimental results at the same conditions. Results show that the bridging time was not simply in proportional to the initial temperature of water when considered the natural convection influenced by such as density inversion of water. Moreover, we found that when we set the temperature of tube wall and initial temperature of water as the parameters, bridging time has a similar trend with distance between the axes. Therefore, it is possible to predict the bridging time for elliptical heat transfer tube.
Performance Analysis of a Shell Tube Condenser for a Model Organic Rankine Cy...IJERA Editor
The global energy demand increases with the economic growth and population rise. Most electrical power is currently generated by conventional methods from fossil fuels. Despite the high energy demand, the conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels have been declining. In addition to this harmful combustion byproducts are resulting global warming. However, the increase of environmental concerns and energy crisis can be minimized by sustainable utilization of the low to medium temperature heat resources. The Organic Rankine Cycle power plant is a very effective option for utilization of low grade heat sources for power generation. Heat exchangers are the main components of the Organic Rankine Cycle power plant which receives heat energy from the heat source to evaporate and condense the low boiling temperature organic working fluid which in turn drives the turbine to generate power. This paper presents a simplified approach to the design, fabrication and performance assessment of a shell tube heat exchanger designed for condenser in a model Organic Rankine Cycle geothermal power plant. The design involved sizing of heat exchanger (condenser) using the LMTD method based on an expected heat transfer rate. The heat exchanger of the model power plant was tested in which hot water simulated geothermal brine. The results of the experiment indicated that the heat exchanger is thermally suitable for the condenser of the model power plant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202