This PPT is about the Acid Rain & Siderophore molecules in short description.

1. Microbial & chemical effects in
Environment
Siderophores & Acid rain

2. Acid rain
Acid rain is a form of precipitation with acidic
components, such as sulfuric(H₂SO₄) or nitric
acid(HNO₃) that fall to the ground from the atmosphere
in wet or dry forms.

3. Acid rain
 Smog is a kind of air pollution that is caused by the mixture of smoke and fog(ex. SO₂) in
the air.
Fog + Smoke= Smog
 Why acid rain occur mostly in industrial areas?
Industrial areas like coal-burning power plants, factories, and automobiles etc. are affected by
an intense amount of air pollution. The large-scale industrial growth and reliance on the use of
coal and crude oil distillates like diesel have led to acidification of the atmosphere. Emissions
released into the atmosphere from coal combustion contain high levels of sulfur and nitrogen
oxides that cause serious acid rain concerns. Because of it, various biogeochemical cycle
processing also affected.

4. Siderophores
Siderophores are small molecular iron chelators that are
produced by microbes, such as bacteria and fungi.
A chelating agent is a chemical compound that reacts with
metal ions to form stable & water-soluble metal complexes.
Ex., Deferasirox, Deferiprone, EDTA etc.
Use of siderophores
1. They are secreted to solubilize iron from their surrounding
environments.
2.Helps in growth, colonization & asexual sporulation of
microbes.
3. Enhance the growth of several unculturable
microorganisms.
4. Promote the growth of several plant species by enhancing
the Fe uptake to plants.

5. Microorganisms that produce siderophores

6. Microorganisms that produce siderophores

7. Mechanism of siderophore mediated Fe uptake in bacteria