Canada has seen a rise in mentally ill individuals interacting with police as mental health facilities have closed down. Police are struggling to cope with an increased workload dealing with psychiatric cases, which now account for a significant portion of their time and resources. The closure of facilities was intended to cut costs and promote community care, but community support systems have not been adequately funded to support the needs of the mentally ill, many of whom end up homeless, in trouble with the law, or in jail while awaiting treatment or housing. Police, mental health workers, and governments are seeking better ways to respond to psychiatric emergencies and divert the mentally ill from the criminal justice system when possible.
The document summarizes the 2018 Annual Traffic Contact Report of the College Station Police Department. It discusses the requirements of the Texas Racial Profiling Law, how the department has met those requirements, and analyzes traffic stop data from 2018. The analysis found that most stops were of white males for traffic violations, and that searches of black and Hispanic drivers were higher than expected based on population. Overall, the analysis found the department in compliance with racial profiling laws.
The Supreme Court ruled that political parties do not need to represent marginalized sectors to participate in party-list elections. It said the party-list system under the Constitution is meant for proportional representation of various groups and parties, not just marginalized sectors. The ruling allows 54 party-list groups that were disqualified by the Commission on Elections to participate in elections based on the new parameters set by the Court. However, 13 of the groups will not be able to participate in the upcoming May 2013 elections, though the Commission on Elections must still evaluate their qualifications based on the new rules in future elections.
The document summarizes a cost-benefit analysis conducted by Open Policy Ontario and Chronicle Analytics on transitional housing supports for two groups of men leaving incarceration provided by the John Howard Society of Toronto. The analysis found that transitional housing and supports resulted in estimated per-person savings of $350,000 for homeless individuals and $109,000 for those under Section 810 orders, by reducing recidivism rates. It also concluded these programs provide economic benefits through increased safety and responsibility while reducing costs to the criminal justice system. The study was commissioned by the John Howard Society of Toronto and Toronto Community Foundation to explore expanding support services to break the cycle of recidivism.
An introduction to police operations and methods the connection cavalim
This document provides an overview of the role of police in American society. It discusses how police must balance enforcing laws while respecting individual rights and liberties. Police work involves substantive, procedural and case laws that officers must adhere to. Police are part of the larger criminal justice system and are the most publicly visible component. Media portrayals of police work often exaggerate exciting aspects and downplay routine order maintenance tasks, which empirical research shows make up most police work. The document outlines topics that will be discussed in more depth in subsequent sections, including the history of policing, police operations and culture, use of force, and the relationship between police and the rule of law.
The Dean of William Mitchell College of Law spoke to the MCAA board about exciting changes at the school, including a merger with Hamline Law School. The new school will offer hybrid online/in-person programs. The board prioritized legislative agenda items, agreeing to take a leadership role on drug sentencing reform. They also want to seek funding for county attorney services in child protection cases. The next board meeting will be in December.
Authors: Martin Foureaux Koppensteinery, Jesse Mathesonz, and Réka Plugor
This working paper will be/have been presented at SITE brown bag seminar 2020-11-03. Martin Foureaux Koppensteinery have given SITE the permission to upload and share the working paper on our website and social media channels.
Esta ley establece las normas para el uso de mensajes de datos y firmas electrónicas, las cuales tendrán el mismo valor legal que los documentos escritos siempre que cumplan con los requisitos establecidos. La ley también regula aspectos como la protección de datos, certificados de firmas electrónicas, contratos electrónicos y comercio electrónico, buscando dar seguridad y validez jurídica a las transacciones realizadas a través de medios electrónicos.
The document summarizes the 2018 Annual Traffic Contact Report of the College Station Police Department. It discusses the requirements of the Texas Racial Profiling Law, how the department has met those requirements, and analyzes traffic stop data from 2018. The analysis found that most stops were of white males for traffic violations, and that searches of black and Hispanic drivers were higher than expected based on population. Overall, the analysis found the department in compliance with racial profiling laws.
The Supreme Court ruled that political parties do not need to represent marginalized sectors to participate in party-list elections. It said the party-list system under the Constitution is meant for proportional representation of various groups and parties, not just marginalized sectors. The ruling allows 54 party-list groups that were disqualified by the Commission on Elections to participate in elections based on the new parameters set by the Court. However, 13 of the groups will not be able to participate in the upcoming May 2013 elections, though the Commission on Elections must still evaluate their qualifications based on the new rules in future elections.
The document summarizes a cost-benefit analysis conducted by Open Policy Ontario and Chronicle Analytics on transitional housing supports for two groups of men leaving incarceration provided by the John Howard Society of Toronto. The analysis found that transitional housing and supports resulted in estimated per-person savings of $350,000 for homeless individuals and $109,000 for those under Section 810 orders, by reducing recidivism rates. It also concluded these programs provide economic benefits through increased safety and responsibility while reducing costs to the criminal justice system. The study was commissioned by the John Howard Society of Toronto and Toronto Community Foundation to explore expanding support services to break the cycle of recidivism.
An introduction to police operations and methods the connection cavalim
This document provides an overview of the role of police in American society. It discusses how police must balance enforcing laws while respecting individual rights and liberties. Police work involves substantive, procedural and case laws that officers must adhere to. Police are part of the larger criminal justice system and are the most publicly visible component. Media portrayals of police work often exaggerate exciting aspects and downplay routine order maintenance tasks, which empirical research shows make up most police work. The document outlines topics that will be discussed in more depth in subsequent sections, including the history of policing, police operations and culture, use of force, and the relationship between police and the rule of law.
The Dean of William Mitchell College of Law spoke to the MCAA board about exciting changes at the school, including a merger with Hamline Law School. The new school will offer hybrid online/in-person programs. The board prioritized legislative agenda items, agreeing to take a leadership role on drug sentencing reform. They also want to seek funding for county attorney services in child protection cases. The next board meeting will be in December.
Authors: Martin Foureaux Koppensteinery, Jesse Mathesonz, and Réka Plugor
This working paper will be/have been presented at SITE brown bag seminar 2020-11-03. Martin Foureaux Koppensteinery have given SITE the permission to upload and share the working paper on our website and social media channels.
Esta ley establece las normas para el uso de mensajes de datos y firmas electrónicas, las cuales tendrán el mismo valor legal que los documentos escritos siempre que cumplan con los requisitos establecidos. La ley también regula aspectos como la protección de datos, certificados de firmas electrónicas, contratos electrónicos y comercio electrónico, buscando dar seguridad y validez jurídica a las transacciones realizadas a través de medios electrónicos.
Carlo César Fernando Valdez Ramírez received a verified certificate from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) for successfully completing the online course "IDB9x: The Macroeconomic Reality in Latin America" offered through edX. The certificate was issued on August 15, 2015 and can be verified online at the provided URL to confirm its authenticity.
Trabajo termodinámica en el corte de metales yoendrick prietoYoendrick Prieto
El documento describe la aplicación de la termodinámica en el corte de metales mediante el uso de herramientas de corte. Explica que el corte de metales es un proceso termo-mecánico donde se genera calor debido a la deformación plástica y la fricción. También destaca la importancia de las variables de corte como la velocidad, avance y profundidad de corte, así como las variables de temperatura, energía y calor en el proceso de manufactura. Finalmente, señala que la acción de la termodinámica
The document summarizes research on improving the properties of low-density wood through impregnation with phenolic resin admixed with urea. Key findings include:
1) Impregnation increased wood density by 2-3 times and weight percent gain by 50-100%, indicating successful penetration of the resin into the cellular structure.
2) Formaldehyde emission was reduced to a minimum of 8.38 ppm for jelutong and 23.59 ppm for sesenduk with addition of urea, though still above standards.
3) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed bands corresponding to urea-formaldehyde and phenol-urea formaldehyde confirming reaction and co-condensation with
Pushback racks allow pallets to be stored 2-5 deep on inclined rails with nested carts. As pallets are added, previous pallets are pushed towards the front for easy retrieval by forklift. This storage system provides up to 90% more product storage than selective racks while allowing various stock-keeping units to be stored on different levels and lanes, with interlocking carts preventing product damage.
This document provides a cheat sheet for frequently used commands in Stata for data processing, exploration, transformation, and management. It highlights commands for viewing and summarizing data, importing and exporting data, string manipulation, merging datasets, and more. Keyboard shortcuts for navigating Stata are also included.
(1) O documento descreve os poliedros, que são sólidos limitados por polígonos de modo que dois polígonos não pertencem ao mesmo plano. (2) Existem poliedros convexos e não convexos, e os regulares possuem faces polígonos regulares congruentes. (3) A relação de Euler relaciona o número de vértices, faces e arestas de qualquer poliedro convexo.
This document is an official academic transcript for Angelene May Schun documenting her coursework and grades from 1999-2002 while obtaining a Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Business degree with majors in Marketing, Public Relations, and Media Production from the University of Southern Queensland. It shows that she exempted or received credit for several introductory courses and completed 52 units in 1999 with a GPA of 4.32. Her subsequent years included courses in areas like radio production, public relations, marketing, and multimedia, with grades ranging from Pass to Distinction. She concluded her degree in 2002 with a final GPA of 4.58.
This document discusses the challenges law enforcement officers face when responding to calls involving mentally ill individuals. It notes that police frequently interact with the mentally ill, as an estimated 7% of police contacts involve the mentally ill. The document then outlines several programs and approaches that have been developed to improve police response, such as Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT), which provide officers training to recognize mental illness and de-escalate crises. It also discusses the role of deinstitutionalization in increasing mentally ill populations within the criminal justice system and various federal initiatives to advance collaborative approaches between law enforcement and mental health professionals.
The document summarizes findings from a report by the Treatment Advocacy Center on the treatment of individuals with mental illness in prisons and jails. It finds that 10 times more people with serious mental illness are in prisons and jails than in psychiatric hospitals. The report also finds that prisons and jails have few options for treating mentally ill inmates and often use solitary confinement. The root cause is identified as the closure of public psychiatric hospitals and failures of the mental health system to provide appropriate aftercare.
The document discusses improving mental health and criminal justice outcomes through community-based solutions. It notes that the current mental health system is fragmented and fails to address the needs of those with severe mental illness, leading to unnecessary costs. The Bexar County, Texas model created a county-wide jail diversion program through collaboration between law enforcement, courts, treatment providers, and other stakeholders. Key outcomes included reduced incarceration and revocation rates, lower healthcare costs, and over 800 empty jail beds.
Sacred Oak Medical Center proposes partnering with the Texas Department of Justice to build an 80-bed psychiatric hospital and other facilities on state-owned land to provide mental health and substance abuse treatment for inmates. This would help address the current situation where prisons have become the main facilities housing the mentally ill due to lack of psychiatric hospital beds and infrastructure. The new facilities could improve treatment outcomes, decrease costs over time, and help expedite treatment and control the inmate population.
No Good Deed: Improving Mental Health Crisis Response to Law Enforcement citinfo
The document summarizes a conference on improving mental health crisis response to law enforcement. It discusses the challenges law enforcement faces in dealing with individuals experiencing mental health crises. It outlines models discussed at the conference to improve coordination between law enforcement, mental health services, and other groups to help divert people with mental illnesses from the criminal justice system to treatment when appropriate.
This document discusses police and probation partnerships as a strategy to reduce recidivism. It begins by outlining the problems of increased incarceration and high recidivism rates in Massachusetts. It then discusses how partnerships between police and probation officers can help address issues like lackluster supervision and weak enforcement policies among probation officers. Examples are given of successful programs in Boston, Texas, and California where probation officers partnered with police officers for intensive supervision of high-risk offenders, which reduced crime and recidivism rates. The benefits and potential challenges of such partnerships are also examined.
Investigating Deaths In Mental Health SettingAndrew Spooner
A taskforce commissioned by the NHS produced a report called the Five Year Forward View for Mental Health. It found that mental health care needs improvement and recommended a three-pronged approach of prevention, expanded care like seven day crisis access, and integrated physical and mental healthcare. Most importantly, it proposed an independent system to scrutinize investigations of deaths in inpatient mental health settings, in light of issues found with the Southern Health Trust's investigation of unexpected deaths.
The document discusses implementing a public health approach to address drug abuse, mental illness, homelessness, and incarceration of those with mental illnesses or substance abuse issues. It notes the high economic and social costs of the current fragmented system and lack of treatment. Over 20% of jail and prison populations have a mental illness or were incarcerated due to lack of treatment options. The document calls for a national strategy with coordinated services across housing, employment, treatment, law enforcement, and other areas to improve outcomes and reduce costs to taxpayers.
Read Individuals with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Just.docxdanas19
Read "Individuals with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System: The Case of Richard P." located in this week's Electronic Reserve Readings.
Review UOP's Sample PowerPoint Presentation to guide you in creating an effective presentation.
As a Team, create a visually engaging 10- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation to describe the role of communication skills in handling the case.
Include speaker notes with each slide of your presentation that provides information on the topics below. Each topic should have at least two corresponding slides.
· Describe how you could use different communication models to assist in communicating with this offender.
· Describe how interpersonal communication skills and motivational interviewing could be used with this offender.
· Describe how you would take this offender's culture and mental capacity into consideration when communicating with him.
· Describe how the use of jargon may affect communicating with this offender.
Include a minimum of three reputable sources.
Format any citations in your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Individuals With Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System The Case of Richard P. Arthur J. Lurigio Loyola University Chicago, Illinois John Fallon Thresholds This paper presents a case study that illuminates the clinical and practical challenges that accompany the treatment of people with serious mental illness (SMI) and criminal involvement. We discuss the historical conditions that led to the influx of a large number of people with SMI into the criminal justice system. We discuss the case history of Richard P., which illustrates the use of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) to care for criminally involved people with SMI. We focus on the ACT model that was employed by Thresholds to treat Richard P. It was known as the Thresholds Jail Program. We track his progress in the program and explicate the case management considerations that are most salient in treating offenders with SMI. Keywords: criminalization, mental illness, crime, deinstitutionalization, mental health services, probation, ACT 1 Theoretical and Research Basis Fundamental changes in mental health policies and laws have brought criminal justice professionals into contact with the seriously mentally ill at every stage of the justice process: police arrest people with serious mental illness (SMI) because few other options are readily available to handle their disruptive public behaviors; jail and prison administrators strain to attend to the care and safety of the mentally ill; judges grapple with limited sentencing alternatives for individuals with SMI who fall outside of specific forensic categories (e.g., guilty but mentally ill); and probation and parole officers scramble to obtain scarce community services and treatments for people with SMI and attempt to fit them into standard correctional programs or monito.
PA 511 - Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the Justice Reinvestment ActJoseph H. Prater IV
This document summarizes the key issues that led North Carolina to pass the Justice Reinvestment Act in 2011. It notes that North Carolina's prison population was growing rapidly and projected to increase another 10% by 2020. Many non-violent offenders were being incarcerated, and over 50% of new prison admissions were probation violators. The Justice Reinvestment Act aimed to reduce recidivism and prison populations by implementing alternatives to incarceration like community supervision, swift sanctions for probation violations, and increased funding for treatment programs. Since passing the Act, North Carolina has seen reductions in recidivism rates, probation revocations, prison populations, and projected savings of $560 million.
Carlo César Fernando Valdez Ramírez received a verified certificate from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) for successfully completing the online course "IDB9x: The Macroeconomic Reality in Latin America" offered through edX. The certificate was issued on August 15, 2015 and can be verified online at the provided URL to confirm its authenticity.
Trabajo termodinámica en el corte de metales yoendrick prietoYoendrick Prieto
El documento describe la aplicación de la termodinámica en el corte de metales mediante el uso de herramientas de corte. Explica que el corte de metales es un proceso termo-mecánico donde se genera calor debido a la deformación plástica y la fricción. También destaca la importancia de las variables de corte como la velocidad, avance y profundidad de corte, así como las variables de temperatura, energía y calor en el proceso de manufactura. Finalmente, señala que la acción de la termodinámica
The document summarizes research on improving the properties of low-density wood through impregnation with phenolic resin admixed with urea. Key findings include:
1) Impregnation increased wood density by 2-3 times and weight percent gain by 50-100%, indicating successful penetration of the resin into the cellular structure.
2) Formaldehyde emission was reduced to a minimum of 8.38 ppm for jelutong and 23.59 ppm for sesenduk with addition of urea, though still above standards.
3) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed bands corresponding to urea-formaldehyde and phenol-urea formaldehyde confirming reaction and co-condensation with
Pushback racks allow pallets to be stored 2-5 deep on inclined rails with nested carts. As pallets are added, previous pallets are pushed towards the front for easy retrieval by forklift. This storage system provides up to 90% more product storage than selective racks while allowing various stock-keeping units to be stored on different levels and lanes, with interlocking carts preventing product damage.
This document provides a cheat sheet for frequently used commands in Stata for data processing, exploration, transformation, and management. It highlights commands for viewing and summarizing data, importing and exporting data, string manipulation, merging datasets, and more. Keyboard shortcuts for navigating Stata are also included.
(1) O documento descreve os poliedros, que são sólidos limitados por polígonos de modo que dois polígonos não pertencem ao mesmo plano. (2) Existem poliedros convexos e não convexos, e os regulares possuem faces polígonos regulares congruentes. (3) A relação de Euler relaciona o número de vértices, faces e arestas de qualquer poliedro convexo.
This document is an official academic transcript for Angelene May Schun documenting her coursework and grades from 1999-2002 while obtaining a Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Business degree with majors in Marketing, Public Relations, and Media Production from the University of Southern Queensland. It shows that she exempted or received credit for several introductory courses and completed 52 units in 1999 with a GPA of 4.32. Her subsequent years included courses in areas like radio production, public relations, marketing, and multimedia, with grades ranging from Pass to Distinction. She concluded her degree in 2002 with a final GPA of 4.58.
This document discusses the challenges law enforcement officers face when responding to calls involving mentally ill individuals. It notes that police frequently interact with the mentally ill, as an estimated 7% of police contacts involve the mentally ill. The document then outlines several programs and approaches that have been developed to improve police response, such as Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT), which provide officers training to recognize mental illness and de-escalate crises. It also discusses the role of deinstitutionalization in increasing mentally ill populations within the criminal justice system and various federal initiatives to advance collaborative approaches between law enforcement and mental health professionals.
The document summarizes findings from a report by the Treatment Advocacy Center on the treatment of individuals with mental illness in prisons and jails. It finds that 10 times more people with serious mental illness are in prisons and jails than in psychiatric hospitals. The report also finds that prisons and jails have few options for treating mentally ill inmates and often use solitary confinement. The root cause is identified as the closure of public psychiatric hospitals and failures of the mental health system to provide appropriate aftercare.
The document discusses improving mental health and criminal justice outcomes through community-based solutions. It notes that the current mental health system is fragmented and fails to address the needs of those with severe mental illness, leading to unnecessary costs. The Bexar County, Texas model created a county-wide jail diversion program through collaboration between law enforcement, courts, treatment providers, and other stakeholders. Key outcomes included reduced incarceration and revocation rates, lower healthcare costs, and over 800 empty jail beds.
Sacred Oak Medical Center proposes partnering with the Texas Department of Justice to build an 80-bed psychiatric hospital and other facilities on state-owned land to provide mental health and substance abuse treatment for inmates. This would help address the current situation where prisons have become the main facilities housing the mentally ill due to lack of psychiatric hospital beds and infrastructure. The new facilities could improve treatment outcomes, decrease costs over time, and help expedite treatment and control the inmate population.
No Good Deed: Improving Mental Health Crisis Response to Law Enforcement citinfo
The document summarizes a conference on improving mental health crisis response to law enforcement. It discusses the challenges law enforcement faces in dealing with individuals experiencing mental health crises. It outlines models discussed at the conference to improve coordination between law enforcement, mental health services, and other groups to help divert people with mental illnesses from the criminal justice system to treatment when appropriate.
This document discusses police and probation partnerships as a strategy to reduce recidivism. It begins by outlining the problems of increased incarceration and high recidivism rates in Massachusetts. It then discusses how partnerships between police and probation officers can help address issues like lackluster supervision and weak enforcement policies among probation officers. Examples are given of successful programs in Boston, Texas, and California where probation officers partnered with police officers for intensive supervision of high-risk offenders, which reduced crime and recidivism rates. The benefits and potential challenges of such partnerships are also examined.
Investigating Deaths In Mental Health SettingAndrew Spooner
A taskforce commissioned by the NHS produced a report called the Five Year Forward View for Mental Health. It found that mental health care needs improvement and recommended a three-pronged approach of prevention, expanded care like seven day crisis access, and integrated physical and mental healthcare. Most importantly, it proposed an independent system to scrutinize investigations of deaths in inpatient mental health settings, in light of issues found with the Southern Health Trust's investigation of unexpected deaths.
The document discusses implementing a public health approach to address drug abuse, mental illness, homelessness, and incarceration of those with mental illnesses or substance abuse issues. It notes the high economic and social costs of the current fragmented system and lack of treatment. Over 20% of jail and prison populations have a mental illness or were incarcerated due to lack of treatment options. The document calls for a national strategy with coordinated services across housing, employment, treatment, law enforcement, and other areas to improve outcomes and reduce costs to taxpayers.
Read Individuals with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Just.docxdanas19
Read "Individuals with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System: The Case of Richard P." located in this week's Electronic Reserve Readings.
Review UOP's Sample PowerPoint Presentation to guide you in creating an effective presentation.
As a Team, create a visually engaging 10- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation to describe the role of communication skills in handling the case.
Include speaker notes with each slide of your presentation that provides information on the topics below. Each topic should have at least two corresponding slides.
· Describe how you could use different communication models to assist in communicating with this offender.
· Describe how interpersonal communication skills and motivational interviewing could be used with this offender.
· Describe how you would take this offender's culture and mental capacity into consideration when communicating with him.
· Describe how the use of jargon may affect communicating with this offender.
Include a minimum of three reputable sources.
Format any citations in your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Individuals With Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System The Case of Richard P. Arthur J. Lurigio Loyola University Chicago, Illinois John Fallon Thresholds This paper presents a case study that illuminates the clinical and practical challenges that accompany the treatment of people with serious mental illness (SMI) and criminal involvement. We discuss the historical conditions that led to the influx of a large number of people with SMI into the criminal justice system. We discuss the case history of Richard P., which illustrates the use of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) to care for criminally involved people with SMI. We focus on the ACT model that was employed by Thresholds to treat Richard P. It was known as the Thresholds Jail Program. We track his progress in the program and explicate the case management considerations that are most salient in treating offenders with SMI. Keywords: criminalization, mental illness, crime, deinstitutionalization, mental health services, probation, ACT 1 Theoretical and Research Basis Fundamental changes in mental health policies and laws have brought criminal justice professionals into contact with the seriously mentally ill at every stage of the justice process: police arrest people with serious mental illness (SMI) because few other options are readily available to handle their disruptive public behaviors; jail and prison administrators strain to attend to the care and safety of the mentally ill; judges grapple with limited sentencing alternatives for individuals with SMI who fall outside of specific forensic categories (e.g., guilty but mentally ill); and probation and parole officers scramble to obtain scarce community services and treatments for people with SMI and attempt to fit them into standard correctional programs or monito.
PA 511 - Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the Justice Reinvestment ActJoseph H. Prater IV
This document summarizes the key issues that led North Carolina to pass the Justice Reinvestment Act in 2011. It notes that North Carolina's prison population was growing rapidly and projected to increase another 10% by 2020. Many non-violent offenders were being incarcerated, and over 50% of new prison admissions were probation violators. The Justice Reinvestment Act aimed to reduce recidivism and prison populations by implementing alternatives to incarceration like community supervision, swift sanctions for probation violations, and increased funding for treatment programs. Since passing the Act, North Carolina has seen reductions in recidivism rates, probation revocations, prison populations, and projected savings of $560 million.
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industri.docxendawalling
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industrial Complex
Amber Edwards
Sco 102
Instructor: Craig Allen
5/3/2020
Mass Incarceration and the Prison Industrial Complex
The United States experienced stability in the rates of imprisonment from the year 1920 to early 1970s. However, that has changed over the past four decades considering that the rates of imprisonment have multiplied. Currently, the United Sates has over 2.2 million incarcerated adults which is by far the largest population globally. The rapid increase of incarceration in the US for the past four decades has prompted various critiques including the question as to why there is a large population of incarcerated citizens.
The aim of this paper is to argue on the ethical issues existing with the mass incarceration particularly the breaches that occur minus ethics. Also the paper will discuss the constitutes of ethical behaviour within the U.S system by using Utilitarianism, Ethical Egoism, Deontology which will shed light on the concerns of mass incarceration as well as the prison industrial complex.
Incarceration is among the most applicable strategies to handle social issues which act as an interference to the poor. Generally, the problems are joined together and defined as crime. The most targeted population in this case are people of color (Wagner & Sawyer, 2018). Some of the impacts of the increased rates of incarceration are homelessness, drug addiction, mental illnesses, unemployment and many more. Generally, prisons do not make the social issues or crimes go away rather, they make people disappear. The practice of making people disappear away from immigrants the poor as well as racially marginalized societies has currently become a business.
The increase in the rates of imprisonment is among the most systematic applied government social program in the contemporary world. However, issues such as criminalization, social profiling and mass imprisoning of people of color is the main challenge in the criminal justice system. Another ethical concern is making mass incarceration a source of income or rather a business. Prison privatization is also another ethical concern which is the capital’s contemporary movement in the prison industry. Generally, government run prisons are typically in gross violation particularly in international human rights standards making the private prisons less liable. Incarceration is nothing less than slavery considering that a large number if these inmates offer labor services to a country without a living wage, bargaining power of even labor protections. Generally, labor is the only thing the imprisoners can withhold.
The breaches of ethics in slavery, racial profiling and using incarceration for profiting purposes in the prison industry are too much. Among the ethical breach that is reflective is the health in the system. Both mental and physical health of the inmates is a primary concern considering that a large number of the inmates suffer.
This document discusses the issue of mentally ill patients being incarcerated in prisons rather than receiving treatment. It notes that around 16% of incarcerated individuals have a mental illness or history of hospitalization. Due to lack of psychiatric hospital beds, jails and prisons have become de facto psychiatric facilities. However, prisons do not provide adequate mental healthcare. Mentally ill inmates suffer harm from living in the same conditions as other prisoners. When released, inmates often do not receive continued treatment or support. Past proposals aimed to treat inmates while incarcerated, but more psychiatric facilities are ultimately needed to properly help the mentally ill.
The survey found that the actual costs of operating jails are higher than typically reported for three key reasons: (1) Jail budgets do not include expenses paid by other county agencies like employee benefits, medical care, and education programs for inmates; (2) Personnel costs, which make up the majority of jail spending, rise as inmate populations increase requiring more guards and staff; (3) County general funds, not just corrections budgets, ultimately pay for the full costs of incarceration in local jails. The findings provide a more accurate picture of the true taxpayer costs of incarceration to help policymakers make more informed decisions.
The document discusses the fragmentation and costs of the mental health system in the US. It notes that mental illnesses lead to unnecessary disability, unemployment, homelessness, school failure and incarceration. The annual economic cost of mental illness in the US is estimated to be $79 billion. About 20% of jail populations have a serious mental illness. There is a lack of coordinated services across systems like law enforcement, treatment, housing, etc. This leads to poor outcomes for those with mental illnesses.
This document discusses a criminal case in Centervale and the community's response. Jason Rivers was convicted of second-degree murder for killing Cindy Jones and sentenced to six years in prison. Due to a new state law aimed at reducing prison budgets, Rivers was released after serving half his sentence. However, he soon assaulted an elderly woman, violating his parole. Citizens of Centervale expressed concerns to city officials about Rivers' early release and recidivism. Opponents argue the research shows violent offenders often reoffend, while supporters believe Rivers lacked programming as a youth and should receive alternative sanctions.
Cja 498 Enthusiastic Study / snaptutorial.comStephenson26
The document discusses a criminal case in the city of Centervale. It describes the murder of Cindy Jones five years ago and the recent conviction of Jason Rivers for her murder. It outlines citizens' concerns about crime and the criminal justice system in Centervale following Rivers' early release and subsequent assault. These concerns include distrust of law enforcement due to a former detective's prior conduct. The document proposes a Citizen's Academy to address citizens' issues and educate them about challenges faced by criminal justice professionals.
Similar to SHRINKS WITH BADGES AND GUNS Globe&Mail-Sutton 28.10.06 (19)
SHRINKS WITH BADGES AND GUNS Globe&Mail-Sutton 28.10.06
1. Canada's thin blue line stretched mightily
GLOBE AND MAIL DATE: 2006.10.28
BYLINE: IAN SUTTON
SECTION: Focus
WORD COUNT: 1485
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shrinks with badges and guns
Few police recruits sign up thinking they'll need the skills of a
psychiatrist,IAN SUTTON reports, but the persistent closing of
mental-health facilities has Canada's thin blue line stretched mightily
to cope with the onslaught
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dennis is 22, weighs 400 pounds and suffers from a compulsive eating
disorder. Although described by a judge as having "borderline
intelligence" and by a psychologist as having "mild retardation," he has
been charged repeatedly with criminal offences ranging from stealing
food to sexual assault.
As a result, he has spent most of the past 18 years either living in a
group home or a psychiatric hospital, or being held in custody while
waiting to appear in court.
Yet, according to Heather Perkins-McVey, his Ottawa lawyer, Dennis
doesn't deserve to be behind bars -- even "his probation officer says he
shouldn't be in jail." But repeated attempts to find suitable housing
for him have failed -- as have attempts to have him declared unfit to
stand trial and not criminally responsible for his actions.
So Dennis remains one of the thousandsofCanadians suffering from a
psychiatric illness, mental disability or senile dementia who are
clogging the criminal-justice systemand stretching police resources to
the limit.
Anyone unaware of how badly things can go when police and psychiatric
patients cross paths need look no farther than news reports of the
long-awaited coroner's inquest into the controversial death of Otto
Vass. The mentally ill Toronto resident died six years ago during a
scuffle with police in a 7-Eleven store. Delayed by assault charges
against four arresting officers, the inquest began two weeks ago.
Coincidentally, about 200 municipal, provincial and federal police
officers are converging on Ottawa this weekend for Psychiatrists in
Blue, the fifth annual conference where they and mental-health experts
discuss howsuch conflicts can be handled better.
Launched by the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police in 2002, the
gathering also shows how concerned the police are, now that coping with
troubled people has become such a factor for them. This aspect of their
workload has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, when governments
began closing psychiatric hospitals and advocating "care in the
community." The initial closings were followed by a shutdown of
government-run centres for the developmentally disabled. In Ontario
alone, 14 have disappeared in the past 20 years,leaving just three --
housing fewer than 1,000 patients in Smiths Falls, Orillia and Blenheim,
2. near Chatham. They're to go in 2009.
Governments embraced care in the community because it was supposed to
save money, and many others heralded it as a move toward social
acceptance and respect for people with mental illness, according to a
report by the British Columbia division of the Canadian Mental Health
Association (CMHA).
But community support systems have yet to receive enough financing to
meet the increased load, and in Ontario, says provincial Conservative
Leader John Tory, all three major parties have failed to manage the
transition properly.
"You can't . . . replace one way of looking after people until you have
the supposed betterway of looking after them in place," he says."With
mental-health patients,I think we're still paying the price for it.
What we discovered was . . . sometimes they had no place to live, or
they were living by themselves 24 hours a day in squalid, unacceptable
circumstances." Critics have predicted all along that the closings would
leave the mentally ill living on the street and continually in trouble
with the law. Less anticipated were both the impact on policing --
officers were not properly trained and forces incurred huge cost
increases -- and the fact that many disabled people would end up behind
bars.
Manitoba is bucking the trend, spending $40-million to upgrade its
centre for developmentally disabled at Portage la Prairie, and pouring
$160-million into community living. But in the past decade alone, the
proportion of federal offenders "with significant, identified
mental-health needs" has more than doubled, according to the last two
annual reports by federal correctional investigator Howard Sapers, in
effect, Ottawa's ombudsman for prisoners.
"Unfortunately," he writes, "mental-health services offered by the
Correctional Services to these offenders have not kept up with the
dramatic increase in numbers." In an average year, Ms.Perkins-McVey
represents dozens of clients who have mental illnesses and are being
"warehoused" for weeks in jail awaiting trial. "There is a huge lack of
resources,and too many of the developmentally delayed fall through the
cracks," she says.
The overall cost, says Lisa Heslop, one of the researchers who produced
a University of Western Ontario report on policing and mental illness
last year, is impossible to pin down, but police in London, Ont., spent
about $2.2-million, or 4.3 per cent of their 2003 operating budget.
The Law Commission of Canada says the national cost of policing reached
$8.8-billion in 2004, so based on the London rate, which some consider
modest, the country spent no less than $380-million on policing related
to mental illness.
"It's a tremendous caseload," says Chief Terry McLaren of Peterborough,
president of the Ontario Association of Chiefs of Police.
When called to a scene, he says,officers must follow the provisions of
the Mental Health Act and often spend hours (in one case 12) waiting in
3. hospital for a psychiatrist's assessment.Not only is the cost in
manpower staggering,"from a police perspective,a lot of it's pretty
frustrating because they don't have the beds and facilities for them,
and they're being released right back into the community." And that can
lead to a worst-case scenario: the death of an offender.
The police who struggled with Otto Vass after he began to act strangely
in the convenience store were acquitted,but the CMHA report says, other
officers "have been traumatized by the police shooting deaths ofpersons
in mental-health crisis, deaths which might have been prevented if
officers had appropriate training." Part of the problem, says Dorothy
Cotton, a neuropsychologist with Correctional Service Canada in
Kingston, is the conflict between what police see as their
responsibility and that of mental-health professionals.Police protect
the public, she says."That's what they're all about. But it's not what
mental-health people are all about.We have a duty to the individual
client and the welfare of the client." Yet steps are being taken to
better equip officers: * Forces in Hamilton, Toronto and Vancouver now
have special response units -- police in cruisers with mental-health
workers.
* Reception centres are being identified where police can take people
suspected ofhaving a mental illness for assessment.
* Regional crisis-intervention teams are being formed to respond to
mental-health cases.
* Joint protocols are being struck by police and mental-health centres
or hospitals.
The agenda for this year's conference includes sessions on better
co-operation between police and mental-health workers, support the
police can provide to those with mental illness, as well as their
families, and the latest strategies used by forces in major U.S.
cities.
All of this is important because,according to Helen Ward, clinical
director of forensic services at Royal Ottawa Hospital, the need for
special care for the ill and disabled is bound to increase.
Police continually have to decide between taking people to a hospitalor
taking them to jail. They try hard to avoid the latter option, she says,
but "if there are a lot of repeat calls for the same individual, the
police start to lose faith that the psychiatric systemwill be able to
deal with it, and they start to lay charges, despite their better
judgment." At the same time, increased investment in programs to keep
those with mental illness from breaking the law -- almost $28-million a
year in Ontario -- has not started to produce the necessary results,
critics say.Court diversion programs, as well as mental-health courts
established in Toronto in 1999 and just this month in Ottawa, are
positive steps,they agree. But many mentally ill people still wind up
in custody.
In the end, compromise may be the best solution to the tug-of-war
between institutional care and care in the community.
4. In its recent report, Out of the Shadows at Last, the Senate's committee
on social affairs agreed with the World Health Organization and called
for a blend of institutional and community-based support and services.
"In this balanced-care model, the focus is on providing services in
normal community settings close to the population served,while hospital
stays are as brief as possible,promptly arranged and used only when
necessary," the report stated.
As the committee's chair, Senator Michael Kirby, points out, one in five
Canadians will suffer some form of mental illness in his or her
lifetime. Who knows how many of them will, like Dennis the compulsive
eater, run into problems with the law?
Ian Sutton is a freelance writer living in Perth, Ont.
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