This document discusses global resource sharing and proposals for a new international economic order. It focuses on how poor countries have struggled due to fluctuating commodity prices and being at the mercy of developed countries and multinational corporations that control markets and prices. The document examines cases in Jamaica, Chile, and Tanzania of countries seeking greater control over their resources and negotiating more favorable trade terms. It also outlines proposals for reforms to achieve a more equitable distribution of global wealth and resources.

1. SHARING
GLOBAL
RESOURCES

4. 1975 Data from World Bank and Fortune Magazine

5. SHARING GLOBAL RESOURCES
TOWARD A NEW ECONOMIC ORDER
BY
National Action Research
on the
Military Industrial Complex
A PROGRAM OF THE
AMERICAN FRIENDS
SERVICE COMMITTEE

6. 1 GLOBAL
RESOURCES:
QUESTIONING CURRENT
* MANAGEMENT
PROPOSALS FOR A
* NEW ECONOMIC ORDER

7. 2 GLOBAL
RESOURCES:
THE STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL
JAMAICA CHILE
ANACONDA KENNECOTT

8. 3 GLOBAL
RESOURCES:
QUESTIONS FOR AMERICANS
* COAL-RICH APPALACHIA
* THE REST OF US

9. ANACONDA
ALUMINUM:
FROM MINE
TO CONSUMER

10. MINED AND PROCESSED
IN JAMAICA

12. MADE INTO INGOTS, MADE INTO INGOTS, . . . THEN FOIL.
MADE INTO INGOTS, . . . THEN FOIL.

14. “…hundreds of millions of
desperately poor people…
about 40% of entire
population development is
simply not reaching them…”
World Bank President
Robert McNamara

15. ALFRED RATTRAY
JAMAICA’S AMBASSADOR TO USA

16. Poor countries have to work and work and work just to keep
pace, and even so they are not keeping pace. It’s keeping them
poor. It’s putting them on a treadmill.

17. In the early ‘60s, Tanzania could buy this truck from their
earnings for five tons of cotton. Ten years later, it took eight
tons to buy the same truck. Many countries have experienced
similar problems.

18. While prices for trucks and other manufactured goods
maintained a steady climb (heavy red), export prices for many
raw materials fluctuated widely, and for a number of years did
not keep pace. From 1953 to 1972 raw material prices, excluding
oil, fell by an average of two per cent per year, in comparison to
manufactured imports.
COMMODITY PRICE INDEX

19. To improve their “terms of trade,” TWCs pressed harder for a
package of more favorable commodity agreements and for
some form of “indexation” (setting prices of their exports like
cotton or coffee at a fixed per cent of imports like trucks or
tractors).

20. Rattray: “My own view is that the developing countries really
have no hope unless they get together. It’s really a question of
the power to negotiate, to speak with, to bargain with another
entity. That is why unions have to get together.

21. Because one worker cannot go on and bargain with the
boss. The boss is as strong as all those workers
combined, and that is why they can bargain.

22. And you know, countries are just like that. If there are 10
producers of a product, and each one wants to make separate
deals, then you will become easy prey, to be picked off one by
one.

23. Not so, however, when they get together. You know, in the long
run, it is better for the world. Once you have an orderly
situation, then the chances for social, economic and even
political peace is greater.

24. The beginning unity of Third World countries has improved their
bargaining strength. They are now taken seriously when they
call for replacing the current economic order with a New
International Economic Order.
Tanzanian Bishop James Sangu
speaks at the
Catholic Eucharistic Conference

25. “In international affairs and international trade, the
developing countries are still almost completely at the
mercy of the developed countries.”
“…the developed countries…
dictate the world market.
They fix tariffs and quotas.
They determine the prices of raw materials and
primary products.
They establish the prices of the processed
products.
They determine the monetary system and control
the circulation of money through the
International Monetary Fund and the
World Bank…

26. “And one of the basic principles of
this world order is that as long as
you make a profit for your own
purse it does not matter if you
plunder others…
“The people of the Third World
realize more and more now that
the only means to save them from
perennial poverty and hunger is
the creation of a New
International Economic Order,
based on mutual agreement
between all nations, aimed at
equal justice for all, through
equitable distribution of the
world’s riches and resources…”

27. GOAL: ABOLITION OF POVERTY
2 CONTROL OF
1 EQUAL TRADE
RESOURCES

28. GOAL: ABOLITION OF POVERTY
3 MONETARY 4 ELIMINATING
REFORM WASTE

30. Is the confrontation between
the producers in poor
countries and us consumers?
Consumer in U.S.
Producer in Jamaica

31. “The confrontation is with the multinational corporations
(MNCs), the middlemen who control the various stages where
the big money is to be made.”
MAHBUB UL HAQ
THIRD-WORLD ECONOMIST

32. “Only a penny and a half out
of 20 cents goes to a country
like Honduras which produces
these bananas.
What Honduras wants is not
for you to pay more, but for
Honduras to move into
controlling its own banana
production.”

33. “If Honduras could get more, it could certainly begin to
help itself out of poverty and also get some of the funds it
needs so desperately to industrialize.”

35. PROPOSALS FOR A NEW
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER

36. “We remain convinced that the task of developing our
societies is essentially our own responsibility…We do not
advocate to our societies that they find a convenient alibi in
the international order for every lack of progress on the
domestic front.”

37. THE SHAH OF IRAN AND BRAZIL’S GENERALS MIGHT
DISAGREE WITH THIS THIRD WORLD DECLARATION.

38. But countries like Tanzania, Jamaica, and until
1973 Chile have sought to put it into practice.

39. 2 GLOBAL
RESOURCES:
THE STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL
JAMAICA CHILE
ANACONDA KENNECOTT

40. Michael Manley
Prime Minister of Jamaica
(1972–1980, 1989–1992)
“For all small Third World countries, their attempt to
change themselves has to begin with the problem of
changing the world. If you can’t change the world, if
you can’t change the distribution of wealth in the
world, you haven’t a chance of changing, really, the
condition of any of the small Third World parts of that
world.”

41. For centuries, Jamaica provided pirate treasure,
slave trade, rum and sugar.

42. Today, Jamaica provides more than one half of the
aluminum ore for American industry.

43. We often expect thanks from poor countries for the
aid we give them. But what about the aid they’ve
given us through cheap raw materials to build our
industrial economy?

44. And what about the large masses of their land
countries like Jamaica have allowed big
corporations to buy up, and sit on, to keep their
competitors from getting the bauxite reserves?

45. What about the people who went hungry while the companies
let this land lie fallow?
Jamaicans are beginning to say thanks, but no thanks. We can
no longer afford to be someone else’s treasure island.

46. Prime Minister of Jamaica (1972–1980, 1989–1992).

47. Jamaica was able to get a 700 % increase in its bauxite
levy – adding less than two cents to the price of a pound
of aluminum.

48. The International Bauxite Association (IBA), established
In 1974 in Jamaica, was dissolved on December 31, 1994.
The IBA had been acting as a database for its members,
allowing them to exchange information and ideas on the state
of the industry.
Financial support for the IBA came from its members, based
on production volume.

49. Has this money gotten down
to the people of Jamaica?
Is there a new internal economic order in Jamaica?

50. SAUL LANDAU
Filmmaker

51. Above Photos: Filmmaker Saul Landau
with Michael Manley and Fidel Castro.
(Jamaica) (Cuba)
Fil
Below: Saul Landau receives the
Bernardo O'Higgins Award, 2008.
Bernardo O’Higgins = Chilean Independence leader
Bernardo O’Higgins Award = Chile’s highest award for a foreign
citizen

52. “It will take decades and decades to begin to turn what is a
completely distorted society into one that makes any sense.
From the bauxite revenues, 12 years after independence
(1962), Mr. Manley instituted first steps toward progress.”

53. Unemployment rate is very high.

54. “impact program” – to provide jobs for the most needy
workers, building dams, irrigation programs, rice
plantations, feeder roads, or access roads.

55. School buildings were constructed during Manley’s administration.
Education was made free for all students.

56. The JAMAL (Jamaica Movement for the Advancement of Literacy)
Program provided free adult education for fisherfolk.

57. This Jamaican farm is another change. It is
organized and run by its workers.

58. ♫This time it’s not just changing a president.
♪ The people will build a better Chile. ♪♫♪♫
INTI ILLIMANTI

59. CHILE
A VAST TROVE OF COPPER

60. How Chile’s nationalization of copper affected Anaconda’s sales
In the first two bars, the gray area shows Anaconda’s sales of Chilean
raw materials in 1968 and 1969. The other colors show sales of raw
materials from all other sources. The gray area stops in 1970 – no more
Anaconda revenues from Chile’s copper.

61. Although copper's relative
importance declined in the
1970s and 1980s, it was still the
Chilean economy's most
important product in 1992. ..

62. “In Chile, copper is life. Because it’s our main resource.”
ISABEL LETELIER
WIDOW OF CHILE’S FORMER AMBASSADOR

63. “We have such a small and poor country, in fact, that we could
not share our little resources with big companies that can get
money from other places. It was very important for our country
to be the owner of the whole country.”

64. “The vote in Chile’s Congress to nationalize the industry was
unanimous. For the first time, all the opposition political parties
agreed: COPPER FOR THE CHILEANS !

65. Not all Chileans were inspired by President Allende’s
pledge. Some Chileans benefited from the existing order.

66. Well-to-do housewives protested that the new buying power of
the poor created shortages of goods in the stores.

67. ITT officials testified in Congress that Anaconda asked ITT
to arrange a series of meetings in 1971 with interested
companies, including Kennecott, to coordinate their
response to the nationalizations.
NO MAS ITT!
AHORA
MAS TELEFONOS
PARA CHILE

68. According to ITT secret memos, the Nixon administration had
given assurances that it was “a business administration . . . and
its mission was to protect business.”
Harold
Geneen
President
ITT

69. A complex strategy went into effect called, by the CIA,
“destabilization.” The CIA, using $11 M of our tax money,
funded assassination plans, work stoppages, planted press
stories and anti-Allende political activity.

70. 70
60
50
MILLIONS
OF
40 Allende
U.S. 30 Government
DOLLARS
20
10
0
1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
International Bank Aid Domestic Aid Military Aid
AID TO CHILE

71. Kennecott tried to stop the sale of Chilean copper in
Europe. Other countries refused to sell spare parts, thus
practically paralyzing Chile’s industry. Private banks
joined in denying credit.
Kennecott Copper Corporation

72. KENNECOTT COPPER
CORPORATION

73. “Not a nut or a bolt will be allowed to reach
Chile under Allende. Once Allende comes to
power we shall do all within our power to
condemn Chile and the Chileans to the utmost
deprivation and poverty, a policy designed for a
long time to come to accelerate the hard
features of a communist society in Chile.”
U.S. Ambassador Edward Korry – memo to
Edward Frei, September 1970

74. Sept.
11, 1973:
Military
junta
overthrows
elected
government.

75. Gen. Augusto Pinochet led the Chilean military junta
which assassinated President Allende.
Pinochet then ruled Chile as dictator for 17 years.

76. “No constitutional rights at all. No right to free speech;
and repression, ideological repression.”

77. “The burning of books is something unforgettable.”

78. “People in jails, your relatives in concentration camps. And at
the same time their families,
without their principal source of income, starving.”

79. “So in this moment, to support the economic
model that has been implanted in Chile by
force, a tremendous repression is needed.”

80. Isabel Letelier’s husband
Orlando was Chile’s
ambassador to the U.S. under
Allende.
On September 21, 1976 he
was killed in a car bombing in
Washington D.C.

81. American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) Feeding Program:
“Under Pinochet’s dictatorship, in addition to the political
repression, there is repression through hunger and poverty.”
CORINNE JOHNSON
DIRECTOR, AFSC
LATIN AMERICA PROGRAM

82. “Under Allende, there was a determined effort to shift resources
from the rich to the poor at least to a degree.
And this was successfully done, with improvements in the
standard of living of the poor.”
AFSC PROGRAM
CHILE 1976

83. “Under the current regime, there is an economic policy which
calls for profitability in all undertakings, and in order to do
this, the government has applied what they call a . . .”

84. “ ‘shock treatment’ to the economy, very sharp reduction in
government expenditures, recognized increases in
unemployment, a deliberate cutting back of the minimum
wages for those at the lowest level . . .”

85. “This essentially is a policy which has been designed to put the
greatest burden on the poor and to leave the rich with sufficient
resources for investment or for purchases of consumer goods.”

86. “For the poorest, it’s frequently meant . . . an inability to
buy enough food for their families.”

87. But the global corporations fared much better. The Chilean
junta paid Anaconda and Kennecott generous
compensation, and business magazines see the new military
government as leading Latin America in reopening the door
to foreign investment.

88. AID TO CHILE
MILLIONS
OF
U.S.
DOLLARS
120
100
80
60
Allende
Government
40
20
0
1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
International Bank Aid Domestic Aid Military Aid

89. TO OUR STOCKHOLDERS
In January, 1974, the government of Chile
returned all of the Dow properties in
Chile, and the loyal, patriotic Chilenos and
Chilenas, of whom I wrote in the
1972 annual report, came home.
We are delighted for them and they for us.
They had maintained a long, courageous and
lonely struggle because, as
patriotic citizens, they believed their country
needed Dow principles,
citizenship and technology.
I believe stockholders have no better proof
of the total quality of our Company.

90. Over the 1962 to 1973 period, the Forty Committee (an inter-
departmental body that reviews and authorizes all covert CIA
activities and is chaired by the President’s Advisor on National
Security Affairs) authorized the expenditure of approximately
$11 million to help prevent the election of Allende and, in Mr.
Colby’s words, “destabilize” the Allende government so as to
precipitate its downfall. The agency activities in Chile were
viewed as a prototype, or laboratory experiment, to test the
techniques of heavy financial investment in efforts to
discredit and bring down a government.
Congressman Harrington on Secret testimony of
CIA director William Colby

91. Philip Agee
ex-CIA officer

92. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) = an independent agency of the United States
government responsible for collecting and coordinating intelligence and
counterintelligence activities abroad in the national interest; headed by the Director of
Central Intelligence under the supervision of the President and National Security
Council; also engages in covert activities at the request of the President of the United
States.

93. Henry Kissinger: National Security Advisor and
Secretary of State under President Richard Nixon

94. “Indeed, good relations are completely
incompatible with what the world now
knows the CIA stands for –
secret intervention to subvert the
national political processes of
countries around the globe.”

95. Philip Agee’s press conference was held a couple of weeks
before Jamaicans overwhelmingly reelected Michael Manley.

96. Americans lobbying in Congress

97. 3 GLOBAL
RESOURCES:
QUESTIONS FOR AMERICANS
* COAL-RICH APPALACHIA
* THE REST OF US

98. ♪ ♫♫
♫ “PARADISE”
Daddy, won’t you take me back to Muhlenberg County
Down by the green river where paradise lay?
Well, I’m sorry, my child, but you’re too late in asking,
Mr. Peabody’s coal train has hauled it away.
The coal company came with the world’s largest shovel
They tortured the timber and stripped all the land
And they dug for the coal ‘til the land was forsaken
Then they wrote it all down as the progress of man. ♫ ♪
♫♫♪

99. When I die let my ashes float down the Green River.
Let my soul roll on up to the Rochester Dam.
I'll be half way to heaven with Paradise waitin‘,
Just five miles away from where ever I am.

100. “A trip to Paradise”
With Nancy Weiss, Kathy Carroll, Jerry Briggs and Ed O'Rear
(They all brought bits and pieces of Paradise home to you.

101. Linda Johnson
Colonialism in Modern
America: The
Appalachian Case
Authors:
Helen M. Lewis, Linda Johnson

102. Lewis, Helen Matthews, Linda Johnson, and Donald
Askins (eds.). Colonialism in Modern America: The
Appalachian Case. Appalachian Consortium
Press, 1978.

103. “My grandfather was killed in the mines when he was pinned
between two coal cars, and my father was also a miner, and he
eventually got black lung.”

104. “If you take coal, timber, water, and human
resources, we are a very, very rich region.”

105. Appalachian hillbillies

106. Thomas Banyayca talked about how strip-mining affected
his people in the Black Mesa.

107. Black Mesa (also called Big Mountain) is an upland
area in Navajo County, Arizona
.

108. Arizona (AZ) is in the southwest of the United States.

109. “. . . the technology that we have that we employ to
destroy the earth is just overwhelming.”

110. “There was nothing there
at all except barren land
and a fine, fine dust that
was being whipped up by
the wind.”

111. strip mine = an open mine, especially a coal
mine, whose seams or outcrops run close to ground
level and are exposed by the removal of overlying soil
and rock.
Strip mining has been criticized for being ecologically
destructive and for causing pollution of water
resources, as the removed soil and rock are often
dumped in lower-lying areas.
Mining operators are sometimes required to restore soil
and vegetation and to clean up the mining site.

112. Peabody (strips Appalachian and Native American lands) was
owned by Kennecott (involved in the destabilization of Chile).

113. a Kennecott copper mine

115. INDIANS
JAMAICANS
CHILEANS

116. Kennecott Board of Directors
in bucket of Peabody’s stripping shovel

117. Ladysmith, Wisconsin
Kennecott has a copper mine.

118. Laguna Indian Reservation, New Mexico
Anaconda has a uranium mine.

119. San Francisco
September 2010

120. What do we want our government and the
corporations to do about Global Resources?

121. AID TO CHILE
MILLIONS
OF
U.S.
DOLLARS
120
100
80
60
Allende
Government
40
20
0
1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
International Bank Aid Domestic Aid Military Aid

122. Harris poll survey: 61 % of all Americans said it is “morally
wrong” for the U.S. to consume so much of the world’s
resources.”

123. What if our citizen action succeeds?
Are we willing to accept the consequences?

124. Could the consequences be a better life
for most Americans?

125. EXPANDING
CONSUMPTION
THROUGH
STYLE CHANGES

126. BUILT-IN OBSOLESCENCE

127. ADVERTISING
There comes a time in everyone’s life when they just
want to be alone with the person they love.
Ad by SONY CORP

128. Could we have more quality food with less packaging?

129. Could resource consumption be reduced
through better mass transit?

130. Can a more stable and peaceful world order become a
reality for ourselves and our children?

131. Jimmy Carter: US President from 1977-1981
“A stable world order cannot become a reality when people of
many nations suffer mass starvation; when the countries with
capital and technology belligerently confront other nations for
the control of raw material and energy sources. “1977-1981

132. 1975 Data from World Bank and Fortune Magazine

133. What can we do to bring about a just and peaceful
sharing of global resources?

135. “Human rights do not begin with the right to
dissent in safety. The process may end
there, but it begins in the stomach of man.”
Michael Manley
Prime Minister of Jamaica (1972–1980, 1989–1992).

136. The 1973 oil crisis started in October 1973, when the members
of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OAPEC
(consisting of theArab members
of OPEC, plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo.
This was "in response to the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli
military" during the Yom Kippur war. It lasted until March
1974.[1] With the U.S. actions seen as initiating the oil embargo and
the long term possibility of high oil prices, disrupted supply and
recession, a strong rift was created within NATO. Additionally, some
European nations and Japan sought to disassociate themselves from
the U.S. Middle East policy. Arab oil producers had also linked the
end of the embargo with successful U.S. efforts to create peace in the
Middle East, which complicated the situation..[1]

137. To address these developments, the Nixon Administration began
parallel negotiations with both Arab oil producers to end the
embargo, and with Egypt, Syria, and Israel to arrange an Israeli pull
back from the Sinai and the Golan Heights after the fighting stopped.
By January 18, 1974, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had
negotiated an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai. The
promise of a negotiated settlement between Israel and Syria was
sufficient to convince Arab oil producers to lift the embargo in March
1974. By May, Israel agreed to withdraw from some parts of the
Golan Heights.

138. FOR OPTIONAL WORK
CARTOON DRAWINGS of 3 sets of SLIDES:
Student #1
1. Bargaining #1
2. Bargaining #2
3. Bargaining #3
Student #2
4. Abolition of Poverty #1
5. Abolition of Poverty #2
Student #3
6. “You are now leaving Appalachia” slide
SPECIFICATIONS: DUE DATE: one week from now
white bond paper
colored drawings