In this research paper, the author focuses on the analysis of the implications of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) for China. In the
recently launched TTIP negotiations between the USA and the European Union, it
has been emphasized that the talks will make reducing regulatory barriers a signature
issue. The emphasis on overcoming these barriers has generated some excitement,
with large figures being offered as estimates of the resulting economic gains. New
agreements to remove trade barriers aim at reducing dead-weight costs and increasing
net social gains from international trade. This paper examines the problem of regulatory barriers and offers an assessment of what can be achieved. Ideally, the best way
to address problems arising from regulatory divergence would be to take into account
the relations of the EU and USA with China in terms of multilateral collaboration.
The main aim of the paper is the presentation of the TTIP’s implications for China.
The particular objective of the research task here is the regulatory trade barriers in the
USA-EU foreign trade policy, the nature and the promoters of the Transatlantic Trade
and Investment Partnership (TTIP), interrelationship between regulatory standards
and international cooperation in the TTIP, and TTIP’s impact on China.
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Cláudio Carneiro
The document discusses the threats posed by the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and US. It summarizes that the TTIP aims to reduce trade barriers but could threaten public services by making it harder for governments to regulate foreign private companies in those sectors. It notes education could be impacted as for-profit education companies may use the treaty's investor-state dispute settlement mechanism to challenge regulations, deterring governments from proper oversight. The TTIP lacks transparency and poses profound risks to public services like education and health.
For all those that missed out last month in Chicago, we’ve crafted a full round up of our 3PL Summit & CSCO Forum. There’s coverage of the major sessions at the event, as well as up-to-date market research on the latest trends set to impact the industry.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiating Background and ControversiesDr. Oliver Massmann
The document provides background information on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations. It discusses how the TPP negotiations originated from prior agreements between smaller Pacific nations. It expanded significantly when the United States joined in 2008. The TPP is the most ambitious free trade agreement to date, with negotiations covering 29 chapters and aiming to liberalize trade between countries representing 40% of global GDP. Key differences from past agreements include more extensive commitments in new areas like regulatory coherence, state-owned enterprises, and intellectual property. However, the high level of secrecy in negotiations has also attracted some controversy.
This thesis examines the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement and argues that through the TPP, the United States seeks to expand two key international regimes - intellectual property and investor-state dispute settlements. The thesis provides historical context on free trade agreements and reviews relevant literature on NAFTA and the TPP. It then analyzes how U.S. negotiations of the TPP aim to broaden intellectual property and investor-state dispute settlement provisions beyond existing norms. The expansion of these regimes has implications for geopolitics in the Asia-Pacific region and emerging trends of U.S. hegemony.
The document discusses several key aspects of international business:
1. International business involves commercial transactions between private companies and governments across political boundaries for profit and political reasons.
2. It refers to all business activities that involve cross-border trade of goods, services, and economic resources between nations.
3. Studying international business is important for understanding how to conduct business globally and make informed career and policy decisions.
In this research paper, the author focuses on the analysis of the implications of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) for China. In the
recently launched TTIP negotiations between the USA and the European Union, it
has been emphasized that the talks will make reducing regulatory barriers a signature
issue. The emphasis on overcoming these barriers has generated some excitement,
with large figures being offered as estimates of the resulting economic gains. New
agreements to remove trade barriers aim at reducing dead-weight costs and increasing
net social gains from international trade. This paper examines the problem of regulatory barriers and offers an assessment of what can be achieved. Ideally, the best way
to address problems arising from regulatory divergence would be to take into account
the relations of the EU and USA with China in terms of multilateral collaboration.
The main aim of the paper is the presentation of the TTIP’s implications for China.
The particular objective of the research task here is the regulatory trade barriers in the
USA-EU foreign trade policy, the nature and the promoters of the Transatlantic Trade
and Investment Partnership (TTIP), interrelationship between regulatory standards
and international cooperation in the TTIP, and TTIP’s impact on China.
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Cláudio Carneiro
The document discusses the threats posed by the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and US. It summarizes that the TTIP aims to reduce trade barriers but could threaten public services by making it harder for governments to regulate foreign private companies in those sectors. It notes education could be impacted as for-profit education companies may use the treaty's investor-state dispute settlement mechanism to challenge regulations, deterring governments from proper oversight. The TTIP lacks transparency and poses profound risks to public services like education and health.
For all those that missed out last month in Chicago, we’ve crafted a full round up of our 3PL Summit & CSCO Forum. There’s coverage of the major sessions at the event, as well as up-to-date market research on the latest trends set to impact the industry.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiating Background and ControversiesDr. Oliver Massmann
The document provides background information on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations. It discusses how the TPP negotiations originated from prior agreements between smaller Pacific nations. It expanded significantly when the United States joined in 2008. The TPP is the most ambitious free trade agreement to date, with negotiations covering 29 chapters and aiming to liberalize trade between countries representing 40% of global GDP. Key differences from past agreements include more extensive commitments in new areas like regulatory coherence, state-owned enterprises, and intellectual property. However, the high level of secrecy in negotiations has also attracted some controversy.
This thesis examines the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement and argues that through the TPP, the United States seeks to expand two key international regimes - intellectual property and investor-state dispute settlements. The thesis provides historical context on free trade agreements and reviews relevant literature on NAFTA and the TPP. It then analyzes how U.S. negotiations of the TPP aim to broaden intellectual property and investor-state dispute settlement provisions beyond existing norms. The expansion of these regimes has implications for geopolitics in the Asia-Pacific region and emerging trends of U.S. hegemony.
The document discusses several key aspects of international business:
1. International business involves commercial transactions between private companies and governments across political boundaries for profit and political reasons.
2. It refers to all business activities that involve cross-border trade of goods, services, and economic resources between nations.
3. Studying international business is important for understanding how to conduct business globally and make informed career and policy decisions.
Striking a Trade Deal With President Trump? an Assessment of The Potential of...Ranti Yulia Wardani
The US President Donald Trump announced that US would have some bilateral trade consent, as averse to multilateral trade deal such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). This research study investigates empirically the economic potential of bilateral Free Trade Agree- ment (FTA) between Indonesia and the US. The goal is to calculate the maximum savings potential for exporters. The savings potential is defined as duties that have been paid by any WTO exporter countries to another country based on the combination of its exports and the duties that not reduce at FTA based. The “maximum savings” is the from the presumption of all export products from the country origin will have zero tariff to enter another country who have an FTA. By using this measurement, country could have ex ante scenarios close to the real calculation tariff without FTA. The data is collected from the UNCOMTRADE and applied tariff rate (ATR) from the WTO. In this research, the level of analysis is the Harmonized System Code (HS Code) 6 digit level. The research findings show that duties of foodstuffs (HS Code 16-24) Indonesian import from the US is the biggest duties compare to other import item products. On the other side the biggest duties export from Indonesia to the U.S is mainly textile (HS Code 50-63). Therefore, the potential saving from striking a trade deal would be considerable for both side countries. This research study gives more insight about the savings potential for mutual trade bilateral agreement for both countries. Once both countries agree on trade deal, it would encourage more export, raise the competitiveness level for some companies then lead to the economic growth.
The document provides an overview of international business, including definitions, objectives, importance, modes, and terms. It discusses how international business allows for the optimization of resources and diversification of risk. Key terms are defined, such as multinational companies, global companies, and transnational companies. International business is described as important for earning foreign exchange, utilizing resources efficiently, achieving corporate objectives, spreading risk, improving efficiency, and gaining government benefits. Common modes of international business include imports/exports, tourism/transportation, licensing/franchising, turnkey operations, management contracts, and direct/portfolio investment.
Financial Services in Transatlantic Trade and Investment PartnershipPatton Boggs LLP
The document discusses the inclusion of financial services regulations in the negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the European Union and United States. While the EU wants financial services to be part of TTIP, the US administration has been hesitant. However, US Congress has pressured the administration to include it. If included, discussions would focus on harmonizing rules in areas like derivatives and capital standards. Private sector involvement could help shape discussions on properly interpreting regulations and their international effects.
First Reply INEach one of the three kinds of trade agreements isShainaBoling829
The document discusses three types of trade agreements that are important to the United States: bilateral agreements between two countries, regional agreements between countries in a particular area, and international agreements that involve most or all countries globally. It provides examples of each type, such as the US-China bilateral agreement, the USMCA regional agreement between the US, Canada and Mexico, and the World Trade Organization international agreement. The document argues that free trade is important for global economic stability and prosperity, but that the global trade system is currently facing challenges and risks.
1. The United States and European Union account for nearly half of global economic output and total annual commerce between the two exceeds $6.5 trillion. Companies from both regions have invested heavily in each other's markets, totaling over $3 trillion.
2. The US and EU are pursuing an ambitious trade agreement called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) to further strengthen economic ties and eliminate trade barriers that could boost annual US exports to the EU by $300 billion and increase the purchasing power of the average American family by $900.
3. Regulatory cooperation under TTIP could save billions by reducing duplicative testing and certification costs for companies operating in both markets, lowering prices for consumers
Prompted initially by the economic success of the North American Free Trade Agreement, trade cooperation around the world is on the rise, leading to a flurry of new Free Trade Agreements. While economies in developed countries such as the US have achieved growth due to the lowering of trade barriers that follow completed FTA's, coinciding tensions have escalated from factions within the industrial sectors of the economy who claim that overall imports increase but at the expense of overall domestic output and export growth.The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China, has concurrently seen unprecedented economic success with their own successfully negotiated FTA's, driven by the access to new markets which allow for the export of their manufactured goods. As a result of the economic success of this phenomenon, races to pursue new FTA's have emerged, along with resistance from a variety of international actors. For example, the proposed Trans-Pacific
Partnership, a FTA linking the US to East Asian countries specifically not including China, has escalated tensions from labor groups within the US who claim that FTA's hurt US manufacturing growth. This study assesses trends in trade with recently completed US FTA partners in order to determine the merits of domestic industrial factions in their claims that FTA's hurt overall US exports.
1) The document discusses the need for improved policy coordination in several areas including the WTO Doha Round negotiations, climate change measures, and international development aid.
2) In the WTO, a lack of leadership from the US and tensions over agricultural subsidies have stalled negotiations, but a proposal for China and the US to make concessions could provide an opportunity.
3) There is a risk of emerging climate protectionism as countries consider border carbon taxes, which developing countries view as unfair, so monitoring tools are needed.
4) The fragmented international development aid system needs restructuring to be more effective and predictable, and agreements are needed with new donors like China on transparent approaches.
This document presents a study examining the relationship between international trade and economic growth in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2018. The study uses statistical tests like the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and Johansen cointegration tests to analyze the data. The results show there is a long-run relationship between international trade and economic growth in Afghanistan. There is also bidirectional causality between imports and exports, and unidirectional causality from exports to GDP and from exports to balance of trade.
Impact of TICFA Agreement and Cancellation of GSP Scheme: A Case Study from B...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study on the impact of the Trade and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement (TICFA) between Bangladesh and the US, and the cancellation of Bangladesh's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) benefits. The study analyzes the contents and objectives of the TICFA agreement, discussing both its potential positive impacts like increased investment, as well as negatives like pressure from the stronger US economy. It also examines why Bangladesh lost its GSP status for garment exports and whether this benefit could be restored. The document provides context on Bangladesh's economy and trade relationship with the US.
Issues Identify at least seven issues you see in the case1..docxbagotjesusa
Issues: Identify at least seven issues you see in the case
1.
2.
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What is the Key issue you see in the case: __________________________
What facts pertain to the case: Identify at least three important facts that pertain to the case
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What assumptions do you plan to make in your analysis: None is an acceptable answer
1.
2.
3
What people and organizations may have an impact on the case: There should be at least five.
1.
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3.
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You are writing the case from the perspective of which person or organization:______________
What tools of Analysis would you use in this case: You only need to identify them and explain what information each will give you that you feel is important.
Based upon the above information – provide three alternatives
Alternative 1 is the Status Quo or to do nothing different that the current situation.
Identify at least three arguments in favor and three against this approach
Pros
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alternative 2 ____________________________________________________
Identify at least three arguments in favor and three against this approach
Pros
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alternative 3 ______________________________________________
Identify at least three arguments in favor and three against this approach
Pros
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Given the information above select your recommended alternative and explain why you feel it is the best alternative: This should take three to five paragraphs and be based upon the information presented in your case.
.
Issues and disagreements between management and employees lead.docxbagotjesusa
Issues and disagreements between management and employees lead to formation of labor unions. Over the decades, the role of labor unions has been interpreted in various ways by employees across the globe.
What are some of the reasons employees join labor unions?
Did you ever belong to a labor union? If you did, do you think union membership benefited you?
If you've never belonged to a union, do you think it would have benefited you in your current or past employment? Why or why not?
.
ISSA Journal September 2008Article Title Article Author.docxbagotjesusa
ISSA Journal | September 2008Article Title | Article Author
1�1�
ISSA The Global Voice of Information Security
Extending the McCumber Cube
to Model Network Defense
By Sean M. Price – ISSA member Northern Virginia, USA chapter
This article proposes an extension to the McCumber
Cube information security model to determine the best
countermeasures to achieve a desired security goal.
Confidentiality, integrity, and availability are the se-curity services of a system. In other words they are the security goals of system defense, intangible at-
tributes� providing assurances for the information protected.
Each service is realized when the appropriate countermea-
sures for a given information state are in place. But, it is not
enough to select countermeasures ad hoc. Countermeasures
should be selected to defend a system and its information
against specific types of attacks. When attacks against partic-
ular information states are considered, the necessary coun-
termeasures can be selected to achieve the desired security
service or goal. This article proposes an extension to the Mc-
Cumber Cube information security model as a way for the
security practitioner to consider the best countermeasures to
achieve the desired security goal.
Security models
Models are useful tools to help understand complex topics. A
well-developed model can often be represented graphically,
allowing a deeper understanding of the relationships of the
components that make the whole. A formal security model
is broadly applicable and rigorously developed using formal
methods.2 In contrast, an informal model is considered lack-
ing one or both of these qualities. There are a variety of in-
formal models in the information security world which are
regularly used by security practitioners to understand basic
information and concepts.
� Security goals often lack explicit definitions and are difficult to quantify. They are
usually based on policies with broad interpretations and tend to be qualitative. It is
true that security goals emerge from the confluence of information states and coun-
termeasures which have measurable attributes. But, the subjective nature of security
goals combined with informal modeling characterizes their attributes as intangible.
2 P. T. Devanbu and S. Stubblebine, “Software Engineering for Security: A Roadmap,”
Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software Engineering (2000), 227-239.
One such informal model is the generally accepted risk as-
sessment framework. This model is used to assess risk by
estimating asset values, vulnerabilities, threats with their
likelihood of exploiting a vulnerability, and losses. Figure �
illustrates this model. Note that this commonly used model
requires a substantial amount of estimating on the part of
the risk assessment participants. This is problematic when
reliable estimates cannot be obtained. Another problem with
this model is that it does not guide th.
ISOL 536Security Architecture and DesignThreat Modeling.docxbagotjesusa
ISOL 536
Security Architecture and Design
Threat Modeling
Session 6a
“Processing Threats”
Agenda
• When to find threats
• Playing chess
• How to approach software
• Tracking threats and assumptions
• Customer/vendor
• The API threat model
• Reading: Chapter 7
When to Find Threats
• Start at the beginning of your project
– Create a model of what you’re building
– Do a first pass for threats
• Dig deep as you work through features
– Think about how threats apply to your mitigations
• Check your design & model matches as you
get close to shipping
Attackers Respond to Your Defenses
Playing Chess
• The ideal attacker will follow the road you
defend
– Ideal attackers are like spherical cows — they’re a
useful model for some things
• Real attackers will go around your defenses
• Your defenses need to be broad and deep
“Orders of Mitigation”
Order Threat Mitigation
1st Window smashing Reinforced glass
2nd Window smashing Alarm
3rd Cut alarm wire Heartbeat signal
4th Fake heartbeat Cryptographic signal integrity
By Example:
• Thus window smashing is a first order threat, cutting
alarm wire, a third-order threat
• Easy to get stuck arguing about orders
• Are both stronger glass & alarms 1st order
mitigations? (Who cares?!)
• Focus on the concept of interplay between
mitigations & further attacks
How to Approach Software
• Depth first
– The most fun and “instinctual”
– Keep following threats to see where they go
– Can be useful skill development, promoting “flow”
• Breadth first
– The most conservative use of time
• Best when time is limited
– Most likely to result in good coverage
Tracking Threats and Assumptions
• There are an infinite number of ways to
structure this
• Use the one that works reliably for you
• (Hope doesn’t work reliably)
Example Threat Tracking Tables
Diagram Element Threat Type Threat Bug ID
Data flow #4, web
server to business
logic
Tampering Add orders without
payment checks
4553 “Need
integrity controls on
channel”
Info disclosure Payment
instruments sent in
clear
4554 “need crypto”
#PCI
Threat Type Diagram Element(s) Threat Bug ID
Tampering Web browser Attacker modifies
our JavaScript order
checking
4556 “Add order-
checking logic to
server”
Data flow #2 from
browser to server
Failure to
authenticate
4557 “Add enforce
HTTPS everywhere”
Both are fine, help you iterate over diagrams in different ways
Example Assumption Tracking
Assumption Impact if it’s
wrong
Who to talk
to
Who’s
following up
Follow-up
by date
Bug #
It’s ok to
ignore
denial of
service
within the
data center
Availability
will be
below spec
Alice Bob April 15 4555
• Impact is sometimes so obvious it’s not worth filling out
• Who to talk to is not always obvious, it’s ok to start out blank
• Tracking assumptions in bugs helps you not lose track
• Treat the assumption as a bug – you need to resolve it
The Customer/Vendor Boundary
• There is always.
ISOL 533 Project Part 1OverviewWrite paper in sections.docxbagotjesusa
ISOL 533 Project Part 1
Overview
Write paper in sections
Understand the company
Find similar situations
Research and apply possible solutions
Research and find other issues
Health network inc
You are an Information Technology (IT) intern
Health Network Inc.
Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota
Two other locations
Portland Oregon
Arlington Virginia
Over 600 employees
$500 million USD annual revenue
Data centers
Each location is near a data center
Managed by a third-party vendor
Production centers located at the data centers
Health network’s Three products
HNetExchange
Handles secure electronic medical messages between
Large customers such as hospitals and
Small customers such as clinics
HNetPay
Web Portal to support secure payments
Accepts various payment methods
HNetConnect
Allows customers to find Doctors
Contains profiles of doctors, clinics and patients
Health networks IT network
Three corporate data centers
Over 1000 data severs
650 corporate laptops
Other mobile devices
Management request
Current risk assessment outdated
Your assignment is to create a new one
Additional threats may be found during re-evaluation
No budget has been set on the project
Threats identified
Loss of company data due to hardware being removed from production systems
Loss of company information on lost or stolen company-owned assets, such as mobile devices and laptops
Loss of customers due to production outages caused by various events, such as natural disasters, change management, unstable software, and so on
Internet threats due to company products being accessible on the Internet
Insider threats
Changes in regulatory landscape that may impact operations
Part 1 project assignment
Conduct a risk assessment based on the information from this presentation
Write a 5-page paper properly APA formatted
Your paper should include
The Scope of the risk assessment i.e. assets, people, processes, and technologies
Tools used to conduct the risk assessment
Risk assessment findings
Business Impact Analysis
.
Is the United States of America a democracyDetailed Outline.docxbagotjesusa
Is the United States of America a democracy?
Detailed Outline:
-Introduction (2-3 Paragraphs):
Define and discuss the criteria for democracy.
What does a country need to be democratic?
-Thesis Statement (1 Paragraph):
Clearly state whether or not you think America is a democracy. Briefly preview the three pieces of evidence you are going to use. Your thesis statement is your argument. It must be clear and strongly stated so I know what you are arguing.
-Supporting Evidence 1 (1-3 Paragraphs)
Using Freedom House’s 2021 (2020 if 21 is not available)analysis of the U.S., support your argument regarding democracy in the U.S analysis of the U.S., support your argument regarding democracy in the U.S.
Supporting Evidence 2 (1-3 Paragraphs)
Choose a news article and explain the event covered in the article and how it
supports your argument.
Supporting Evidence 3 (1-3 Paragraphs)
Choose another news article
-Conclusion (1-2 Paragraphs)
Summarize your supporting evidence and how it supports your overall argument. This should include a brief discussion about how the other argument could be right
Citations: You will need outside sources for this paper. All sources must be properly cited. This means that the sources need to be parenthetically cited in the text of the paper and need to be included in a bibliography page. You are not allowed to use any user edit web sites (Wikipedia, Yahoo Answers, Ask.com, etc.) or social media as sources
4-5 papers
.
Islamic Profession of Faith (There is no God but God and Muhammad is.docxbagotjesusa
Islamic Profession of Faith (There is no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet.)
1. [contextualize] How are they a reflection of the time and culture which produced them?
2. [evaluate] What were the implications of these beliefs and values during the Middle Ages?
3. [compare] How do the beliefs and values of these cultures compare to your own?
.
IS-365 Writing Rubric Last updated January 15, 2018 .docxbagotjesusa
IS-365 Writing Rubric
Last updated: January 15, 2018
Student:
Score (out of 50):
General Comments:
Other comments are embedded in the document.
Criterion <- Higher - Quality - Lower ->
Persuasiveness The reader is
compelled by solid
critical reasoning,
appropriate usage of
sources, and
consideration of
alternative
viewpoints.
The document is
logical and coherent
enough that the
reader can accept its
points and
conclusions
Gaps in logic and
uncritical review of
sources cause the
reader to have some
doubts about the
points made by the
document, or
whether they’re
relevant to the
question asked.
The reader is unsure
of what the document
is trying to
communicate, or is
wholly unconvinced
by its arguments
Not
applicable
Evidence and support Exceptional use of
authoritative and
relevant sources,
properly cited,
providing strong
support of the
document’s points
Sufficient relevant
and authoritative
sources give
confidence that the
document is based
on adequate
research
Sources are
insufficient in
number, not
authoritative, not
relevant, or
improperly cited
No sources are used,
undermining the
document’s
foundations
Not
applicable
Writing Word choices, flow
of logic, and
sentence and
paragraph structure
engage the reader,
making for a
pleasurable
experience
Writing is clear and
adequately fulfills
the document’s
purpose
Some issues with
word choice and
sentence and
paragraph structure
interfere with the
conveyance of the
document’s ideas
Frequent questionable
choices in writing
make it difficult to
read and understand
Not
applicable
Language Essentially free of
language errors
Minor errors in
grammar,
punctuation, or
spelling
Noticeable language
errors that detract
from the readability
of the document
Significant language
errors that call the
credibility of the
document into
question
Not
applicable
Formatting (heading
styles, fonts, margins,
white space, tables
and graphics)
Professional and
consistent formatting
that enhances
readability.
Appropriate use of
tables and graphics.
Generally acceptable
formatting choices.
Some missed
opportunities for
displaying data via
tables or graphics.
Inconsistent or
questionable
formatting choices
that detract from the
document’s
readability
Critical formatting
issues that make the
document
unprofessional-
looking
Not
applicable
Page 1
Page 1
Page 2
(Name deleted)
IS-365
Art Fifer
2/17/2017
Technical Documents for Varying Audiences
In this paper, I’ll be exploring the differences in presenting technical communications to audiences of varying knowledge. The topic of these two general summaries will be the manner in which computers connect to each other, including summaries of several communication protocols, how information traverses the network, and how it arrives at its destination and is read by th.
ISAS 600 – Database Project Phase III RubricAs the final ste.docxbagotjesusa
ISAS 600 – Database Project Phase III Rubric
As the final step to your proposed database, you submitted your Project Plan. This document should communicate how you intend to complete the project. Include timelines and resources required.
Area
Does not meet expectations
Meets expectations
Exceeds expectations
A. Analysis - how will you determine the needs of the database
Did not identify appropriate plan for analysis phase
Identified appropriate plan for analysis phase
Identified appropriate plan for analysis phase and included additional content
Design - what process will you use to design the database (tables, forms, queries, reports)
Did not sufficiently identify detail on the appropriate process for design phase
Identified appropriate process for design phase
Identified appropriate process for design phase and included additional detail
Prototype/End user feedback - Will you show users a prototype before building the system?
Did not sufficiently identify method for feedback and prototypes during building of the system
Identified method for feedback and prototypes during building of the system
Identified method for feedback and prototypes during building of the system and provided additional detail
Coding - what process will you use to build the database?
Did not sufficiently identify appropriate process for coding the database
Identified appropriate process for coding the database
Identified appropriate process for coding the database and provided additional detail.
Testing - How will you test it?
to build the database?
Did not sufficiently identify appropriate process for testing the database
Identified appropriate process for testing the database
Identified appropriate process for testing the database and provided additional detail.
User Acceptance - describe the final step of determining if you met the user's needs?
Did not sufficiently identify an appropriate process for User Acceptance phase - How to determine if the database meets user’s needs.
Identified appropriate process for User Acceptance phase - How to determine if the database meets user’s needs.
Identified appropriate process for User Acceptance phase - How to determine if the database meets user’s needs. Answer provided additional detail
Training - what is the plan for training end users?
Did not identify appropriate detail for training plan
Identified appropriate detail for training plan
Identified appropriate detail for a training plan and provided additional detail.
Project close out - what steps will you take to finalize the project?
Did not sufficiently identify appropriate steps for closing out the project
Identified appropriate steps for closing out the project
Identified appropriate steps for closing out the project and provided additional detail.
Entity Relationship Diagram1
ERD:
Normalization:
1NF:
For the 1st NF we will have to check the tables’ attributes, like there must not be any multivalued attribute, if there is any multivalued at.
Is teenage pregnancy a social problem How does this topic reflect.docxbagotjesusa
Is teenage pregnancy a social problem? How does this topic reflect the social construction of problems? How does social location impact if you view this as a social problem?
Explain why media representation of social problems is an important issue using the example of teenage pregnancy. What is an example of a problematic representation? Does this vary across race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status and gender?
.
Is Texas so conservative- (at least for the time being)- as many pun.docxbagotjesusa
Is Texas so conservative- (at least for the time being)- as many pundits and observers claim? Or is that just an opinion not supported by analysis and facts? Not only does Texas vote Republican in many elections but has done so for many years. It is also the birthplace of the so-called Tea Party movement and of Ron Paul's campaigns for president. Texas also appears to espouse conservative approaches to government and to issues. You will need to define in a concrete and operational way what conservative means as conservative is more than voting behavior or party affiliation.
Texas is the 2nd largest state in population compared to California and.like California made up of many differing migrant and immigrant groups. Texas like California was also part of Northern Mexico. but Texas is very, very different from California in voting behavior and positions on social issues. Why? Texas and California are good comparisons or are they? Provide explanations of the differences and similarities in this ideological context
Texas was once "Democratic" but even that was not really the case in terms of either past or current Democratic ideals and goals but a historic reaction to the consequences of the civil war and the fact that Texas was on the losing side in that war and of the attempt to defend agrarian interests in the form of slavery.. Being Democratic from post civil war to the middle of the 20th century in part meant for decades being in favor of inequality for minorities and defenders in spirit, if not in fact, of slavery.net
So Texas was never "Democratic" and never a more liberal interpretation of reality but a reflection of conservative thought and a particular view of individualistic man.
Is Texas conservative and why? ( you will need a social, cultural, historical and economic analysis here
with supporting evidence)?
? Need much more than opinions here.
.
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Issues Identify at least seven issues you see in the case1..docxbagotjesusa
Issues: Identify at least seven issues you see in the case
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What is the Key issue you see in the case: __________________________
What facts pertain to the case: Identify at least three important facts that pertain to the case
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What assumptions do you plan to make in your analysis: None is an acceptable answer
1.
2.
3
What people and organizations may have an impact on the case: There should be at least five.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
You are writing the case from the perspective of which person or organization:______________
What tools of Analysis would you use in this case: You only need to identify them and explain what information each will give you that you feel is important.
Based upon the above information – provide three alternatives
Alternative 1 is the Status Quo or to do nothing different that the current situation.
Identify at least three arguments in favor and three against this approach
Pros
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alternative 2 ____________________________________________________
Identify at least three arguments in favor and three against this approach
Pros
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alternative 3 ______________________________________________
Identify at least three arguments in favor and three against this approach
Pros
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cons
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Given the information above select your recommended alternative and explain why you feel it is the best alternative: This should take three to five paragraphs and be based upon the information presented in your case.
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Issues and disagreements between management and employees lead.docxbagotjesusa
Issues and disagreements between management and employees lead to formation of labor unions. Over the decades, the role of labor unions has been interpreted in various ways by employees across the globe.
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ISSA Journal September 2008Article Title Article Author.docxbagotjesusa
ISSA Journal | September 2008Article Title | Article Author
1�1�
ISSA The Global Voice of Information Security
Extending the McCumber Cube
to Model Network Defense
By Sean M. Price – ISSA member Northern Virginia, USA chapter
This article proposes an extension to the McCumber
Cube information security model to determine the best
countermeasures to achieve a desired security goal.
Confidentiality, integrity, and availability are the se-curity services of a system. In other words they are the security goals of system defense, intangible at-
tributes� providing assurances for the information protected.
Each service is realized when the appropriate countermea-
sures for a given information state are in place. But, it is not
enough to select countermeasures ad hoc. Countermeasures
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against specific types of attacks. When attacks against partic-
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termeasures can be selected to achieve the desired security
service or goal. This article proposes an extension to the Mc-
Cumber Cube information security model as a way for the
security practitioner to consider the best countermeasures to
achieve the desired security goal.
Security models
Models are useful tools to help understand complex topics. A
well-developed model can often be represented graphically,
allowing a deeper understanding of the relationships of the
components that make the whole. A formal security model
is broadly applicable and rigorously developed using formal
methods.2 In contrast, an informal model is considered lack-
ing one or both of these qualities. There are a variety of in-
formal models in the information security world which are
regularly used by security practitioners to understand basic
information and concepts.
� Security goals often lack explicit definitions and are difficult to quantify. They are
usually based on policies with broad interpretations and tend to be qualitative. It is
true that security goals emerge from the confluence of information states and coun-
termeasures which have measurable attributes. But, the subjective nature of security
goals combined with informal modeling characterizes their attributes as intangible.
2 P. T. Devanbu and S. Stubblebine, “Software Engineering for Security: A Roadmap,”
Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software Engineering (2000), 227-239.
One such informal model is the generally accepted risk as-
sessment framework. This model is used to assess risk by
estimating asset values, vulnerabilities, threats with their
likelihood of exploiting a vulnerability, and losses. Figure �
illustrates this model. Note that this commonly used model
requires a substantial amount of estimating on the part of
the risk assessment participants. This is problematic when
reliable estimates cannot be obtained. Another problem with
this model is that it does not guide th.
ISOL 536Security Architecture and DesignThreat Modeling.docxbagotjesusa
ISOL 536
Security Architecture and Design
Threat Modeling
Session 6a
“Processing Threats”
Agenda
• When to find threats
• Playing chess
• How to approach software
• Tracking threats and assumptions
• Customer/vendor
• The API threat model
• Reading: Chapter 7
When to Find Threats
• Start at the beginning of your project
– Create a model of what you’re building
– Do a first pass for threats
• Dig deep as you work through features
– Think about how threats apply to your mitigations
• Check your design & model matches as you
get close to shipping
Attackers Respond to Your Defenses
Playing Chess
• The ideal attacker will follow the road you
defend
– Ideal attackers are like spherical cows — they’re a
useful model for some things
• Real attackers will go around your defenses
• Your defenses need to be broad and deep
“Orders of Mitigation”
Order Threat Mitigation
1st Window smashing Reinforced glass
2nd Window smashing Alarm
3rd Cut alarm wire Heartbeat signal
4th Fake heartbeat Cryptographic signal integrity
By Example:
• Thus window smashing is a first order threat, cutting
alarm wire, a third-order threat
• Easy to get stuck arguing about orders
• Are both stronger glass & alarms 1st order
mitigations? (Who cares?!)
• Focus on the concept of interplay between
mitigations & further attacks
How to Approach Software
• Depth first
– The most fun and “instinctual”
– Keep following threats to see where they go
– Can be useful skill development, promoting “flow”
• Breadth first
– The most conservative use of time
• Best when time is limited
– Most likely to result in good coverage
Tracking Threats and Assumptions
• There are an infinite number of ways to
structure this
• Use the one that works reliably for you
• (Hope doesn’t work reliably)
Example Threat Tracking Tables
Diagram Element Threat Type Threat Bug ID
Data flow #4, web
server to business
logic
Tampering Add orders without
payment checks
4553 “Need
integrity controls on
channel”
Info disclosure Payment
instruments sent in
clear
4554 “need crypto”
#PCI
Threat Type Diagram Element(s) Threat Bug ID
Tampering Web browser Attacker modifies
our JavaScript order
checking
4556 “Add order-
checking logic to
server”
Data flow #2 from
browser to server
Failure to
authenticate
4557 “Add enforce
HTTPS everywhere”
Both are fine, help you iterate over diagrams in different ways
Example Assumption Tracking
Assumption Impact if it’s
wrong
Who to talk
to
Who’s
following up
Follow-up
by date
Bug #
It’s ok to
ignore
denial of
service
within the
data center
Availability
will be
below spec
Alice Bob April 15 4555
• Impact is sometimes so obvious it’s not worth filling out
• Who to talk to is not always obvious, it’s ok to start out blank
• Tracking assumptions in bugs helps you not lose track
• Treat the assumption as a bug – you need to resolve it
The Customer/Vendor Boundary
• There is always.
ISOL 533 Project Part 1OverviewWrite paper in sections.docxbagotjesusa
ISOL 533 Project Part 1
Overview
Write paper in sections
Understand the company
Find similar situations
Research and apply possible solutions
Research and find other issues
Health network inc
You are an Information Technology (IT) intern
Health Network Inc.
Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota
Two other locations
Portland Oregon
Arlington Virginia
Over 600 employees
$500 million USD annual revenue
Data centers
Each location is near a data center
Managed by a third-party vendor
Production centers located at the data centers
Health network’s Three products
HNetExchange
Handles secure electronic medical messages between
Large customers such as hospitals and
Small customers such as clinics
HNetPay
Web Portal to support secure payments
Accepts various payment methods
HNetConnect
Allows customers to find Doctors
Contains profiles of doctors, clinics and patients
Health networks IT network
Three corporate data centers
Over 1000 data severs
650 corporate laptops
Other mobile devices
Management request
Current risk assessment outdated
Your assignment is to create a new one
Additional threats may be found during re-evaluation
No budget has been set on the project
Threats identified
Loss of company data due to hardware being removed from production systems
Loss of company information on lost or stolen company-owned assets, such as mobile devices and laptops
Loss of customers due to production outages caused by various events, such as natural disasters, change management, unstable software, and so on
Internet threats due to company products being accessible on the Internet
Insider threats
Changes in regulatory landscape that may impact operations
Part 1 project assignment
Conduct a risk assessment based on the information from this presentation
Write a 5-page paper properly APA formatted
Your paper should include
The Scope of the risk assessment i.e. assets, people, processes, and technologies
Tools used to conduct the risk assessment
Risk assessment findings
Business Impact Analysis
.
Is the United States of America a democracyDetailed Outline.docxbagotjesusa
Is the United States of America a democracy?
Detailed Outline:
-Introduction (2-3 Paragraphs):
Define and discuss the criteria for democracy.
What does a country need to be democratic?
-Thesis Statement (1 Paragraph):
Clearly state whether or not you think America is a democracy. Briefly preview the three pieces of evidence you are going to use. Your thesis statement is your argument. It must be clear and strongly stated so I know what you are arguing.
-Supporting Evidence 1 (1-3 Paragraphs)
Using Freedom House’s 2021 (2020 if 21 is not available)analysis of the U.S., support your argument regarding democracy in the U.S analysis of the U.S., support your argument regarding democracy in the U.S.
Supporting Evidence 2 (1-3 Paragraphs)
Choose a news article and explain the event covered in the article and how it
supports your argument.
Supporting Evidence 3 (1-3 Paragraphs)
Choose another news article
-Conclusion (1-2 Paragraphs)
Summarize your supporting evidence and how it supports your overall argument. This should include a brief discussion about how the other argument could be right
Citations: You will need outside sources for this paper. All sources must be properly cited. This means that the sources need to be parenthetically cited in the text of the paper and need to be included in a bibliography page. You are not allowed to use any user edit web sites (Wikipedia, Yahoo Answers, Ask.com, etc.) or social media as sources
4-5 papers
.
Islamic Profession of Faith (There is no God but God and Muhammad is.docxbagotjesusa
Islamic Profession of Faith (There is no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet.)
1. [contextualize] How are they a reflection of the time and culture which produced them?
2. [evaluate] What were the implications of these beliefs and values during the Middle Ages?
3. [compare] How do the beliefs and values of these cultures compare to your own?
.
IS-365 Writing Rubric Last updated January 15, 2018 .docxbagotjesusa
IS-365 Writing Rubric
Last updated: January 15, 2018
Student:
Score (out of 50):
General Comments:
Other comments are embedded in the document.
Criterion <- Higher - Quality - Lower ->
Persuasiveness The reader is
compelled by solid
critical reasoning,
appropriate usage of
sources, and
consideration of
alternative
viewpoints.
The document is
logical and coherent
enough that the
reader can accept its
points and
conclusions
Gaps in logic and
uncritical review of
sources cause the
reader to have some
doubts about the
points made by the
document, or
whether they’re
relevant to the
question asked.
The reader is unsure
of what the document
is trying to
communicate, or is
wholly unconvinced
by its arguments
Not
applicable
Evidence and support Exceptional use of
authoritative and
relevant sources,
properly cited,
providing strong
support of the
document’s points
Sufficient relevant
and authoritative
sources give
confidence that the
document is based
on adequate
research
Sources are
insufficient in
number, not
authoritative, not
relevant, or
improperly cited
No sources are used,
undermining the
document’s
foundations
Not
applicable
Writing Word choices, flow
of logic, and
sentence and
paragraph structure
engage the reader,
making for a
pleasurable
experience
Writing is clear and
adequately fulfills
the document’s
purpose
Some issues with
word choice and
sentence and
paragraph structure
interfere with the
conveyance of the
document’s ideas
Frequent questionable
choices in writing
make it difficult to
read and understand
Not
applicable
Language Essentially free of
language errors
Minor errors in
grammar,
punctuation, or
spelling
Noticeable language
errors that detract
from the readability
of the document
Significant language
errors that call the
credibility of the
document into
question
Not
applicable
Formatting (heading
styles, fonts, margins,
white space, tables
and graphics)
Professional and
consistent formatting
that enhances
readability.
Appropriate use of
tables and graphics.
Generally acceptable
formatting choices.
Some missed
opportunities for
displaying data via
tables or graphics.
Inconsistent or
questionable
formatting choices
that detract from the
document’s
readability
Critical formatting
issues that make the
document
unprofessional-
looking
Not
applicable
Page 1
Page 1
Page 2
(Name deleted)
IS-365
Art Fifer
2/17/2017
Technical Documents for Varying Audiences
In this paper, I’ll be exploring the differences in presenting technical communications to audiences of varying knowledge. The topic of these two general summaries will be the manner in which computers connect to each other, including summaries of several communication protocols, how information traverses the network, and how it arrives at its destination and is read by th.
ISAS 600 – Database Project Phase III RubricAs the final ste.docxbagotjesusa
ISAS 600 – Database Project Phase III Rubric
As the final step to your proposed database, you submitted your Project Plan. This document should communicate how you intend to complete the project. Include timelines and resources required.
Area
Does not meet expectations
Meets expectations
Exceeds expectations
A. Analysis - how will you determine the needs of the database
Did not identify appropriate plan for analysis phase
Identified appropriate plan for analysis phase
Identified appropriate plan for analysis phase and included additional content
Design - what process will you use to design the database (tables, forms, queries, reports)
Did not sufficiently identify detail on the appropriate process for design phase
Identified appropriate process for design phase
Identified appropriate process for design phase and included additional detail
Prototype/End user feedback - Will you show users a prototype before building the system?
Did not sufficiently identify method for feedback and prototypes during building of the system
Identified method for feedback and prototypes during building of the system
Identified method for feedback and prototypes during building of the system and provided additional detail
Coding - what process will you use to build the database?
Did not sufficiently identify appropriate process for coding the database
Identified appropriate process for coding the database
Identified appropriate process for coding the database and provided additional detail.
Testing - How will you test it?
to build the database?
Did not sufficiently identify appropriate process for testing the database
Identified appropriate process for testing the database
Identified appropriate process for testing the database and provided additional detail.
User Acceptance - describe the final step of determining if you met the user's needs?
Did not sufficiently identify an appropriate process for User Acceptance phase - How to determine if the database meets user’s needs.
Identified appropriate process for User Acceptance phase - How to determine if the database meets user’s needs.
Identified appropriate process for User Acceptance phase - How to determine if the database meets user’s needs. Answer provided additional detail
Training - what is the plan for training end users?
Did not identify appropriate detail for training plan
Identified appropriate detail for training plan
Identified appropriate detail for a training plan and provided additional detail.
Project close out - what steps will you take to finalize the project?
Did not sufficiently identify appropriate steps for closing out the project
Identified appropriate steps for closing out the project
Identified appropriate steps for closing out the project and provided additional detail.
Entity Relationship Diagram1
ERD:
Normalization:
1NF:
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Is teenage pregnancy a social problem? How does this topic reflect the social construction of problems? How does social location impact if you view this as a social problem?
Explain why media representation of social problems is an important issue using the example of teenage pregnancy. What is an example of a problematic representation? Does this vary across race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status and gender?
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Is Texas so conservative- (at least for the time being)- as many pundits and observers claim? Or is that just an opinion not supported by analysis and facts? Not only does Texas vote Republican in many elections but has done so for many years. It is also the birthplace of the so-called Tea Party movement and of Ron Paul's campaigns for president. Texas also appears to espouse conservative approaches to government and to issues. You will need to define in a concrete and operational way what conservative means as conservative is more than voting behavior or party affiliation.
Texas is the 2nd largest state in population compared to California and.like California made up of many differing migrant and immigrant groups. Texas like California was also part of Northern Mexico. but Texas is very, very different from California in voting behavior and positions on social issues. Why? Texas and California are good comparisons or are they? Provide explanations of the differences and similarities in this ideological context
Texas was once "Democratic" but even that was not really the case in terms of either past or current Democratic ideals and goals but a historic reaction to the consequences of the civil war and the fact that Texas was on the losing side in that war and of the attempt to defend agrarian interests in the form of slavery.. Being Democratic from post civil war to the middle of the 20th century in part meant for decades being in favor of inequality for minorities and defenders in spirit, if not in fact, of slavery.net
So Texas was never "Democratic" and never a more liberal interpretation of reality but a reflection of conservative thought and a particular view of individualistic man.
Is Texas conservative and why? ( you will need a social, cultural, historical and economic analysis here
with supporting evidence)?
? Need much more than opinions here.
.
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Irreplaceable: Personal Objects and Cultural Identity
Think of a
personal object
that is
irreplaceable
to you.
Please answer the following:
1. Describe the item and tell a brief story, memory, or ritual related to the item.
2. How does this possession influence your identity?
3. How does this item represent your cultural identity?
4. How is your selection of this item influenced by your identity and culture?
Instructions:
please answer all 4 questions accordingly. Each answer should have the question re-typed following the answer. A minimum of 500 words in all excluding the re-typed questions. No reference is needed.
.
IRB is an important step in research. State the required components .docxbagotjesusa
IRB is an important step in research. State the required components one should look for in a project to determine if IRB submission is needed. Discuss an example of a research study found in one of your literature review articles that needed IRB approval. Specifically, describe why IRB approval was needed in this instance.
.
irem.org/jpm | jpm® | 47
AND
REWARD
RISK
>>
BY KRISTIN GUNDERSON HUNT
THE FIGHT TO FILL VACANT COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE SPACE IN RECENT YEARS
HAS FORCED REAL ESTATE OWNERS AND MANAGERS TO CONSIDER NEW USES
FOR THEIR PROPERTIES—EVEN IF THEY REQUIRE TAKING ADDITIONAL RISKS.
especially vacancies,” said Janice
Ochenkowski, managing director
for Jones Lang LaSalle and the com-
mercial real estate firm’s director of
global risk management in Chicago.
“But property owners and manag-
ers have been very creative in how
to use their existing facilities.”
Traditional retail stores have been
transformed into everything from
medical office space and churches
to fitness centers and breweries. In
addition, special events and pop-
up stores are more commonplace;
traditional office spaces have been
converted to daycare centers; in-
dustrial warehouses are being used
as practice facilities for youth base-
ball teams; and the list goes on.
“From a risk management per-
spective, these new uses can bring
new challenges,” Ochenkowski said.
“However, it is the primary goal
of the risk manager to support the
business, which means we need to
be more creative in the way we deal
with these risks.”
DOESN’T MEAN YOU HAVE TO WALK AWAY.”–JANICE OCHENKOWSKI, JONES
LANG LASAL
LE
DO THE ASSESSMENT HONESTLY. JUST BECAUSE THERE IS A HI
GHER RISK
“DON’T BE AFRAID TO THINK ABOUT WHAT THE RISKS ARE.
the tough economy has resulted in a lot of challenges—“
DUE DILIGENCE
The risks associated with new-use tenants are as varied as the tenants them-
selves.
First and foremost, certain tenants could present additional life safety
risks, said Jeffrey Shearman, a Pittsburgh-based senior risk engineering con-
sultant and real estate industry practice leader for commercial insurance
provider, Zurich.
For example, restaurant tenants create increased exposure to fire; church
and/or educational institutions might spur egress concerns because they en-
courage large gatherings in spaces formerly used for different occupancy;
and hazardous waste can be a risk with some medical tenants.
“You have to recognize that certain types of work are going to create cer-
tain types of hazards,” Shearman said.
Beyond life safety risks, certain tenants might be more susceptible than
previous tenants to codes and regulations imposed by state or federal laws,
such as licensing regulations for daycares or American Disabilities Act re-
quirements for medical tenants, said Pat Pollan, CPM, principal at Pollan
Hausman Real Estate Services in Houston.
New-use tenant risks don’t stop there: financial risks also exist. Replac-
ing a unique tenant with a similar occupant after the lease expires can be
difficult—a particular concern if a lot of money was spent customizing the
space for an alternative use.
“It’s not just the risk of liability, it’s the risk of the tenant going out of busi-
ness and losing any money you put into the tenant, or its space, .
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
Classmate 1
The Rise of the Republican Party
The Republican Party was formed due to a split in the Whig Party. The anti-slavery
“Conscience Whigs” split from the pro-slavery “Cotton Whigs”. Some anti-slavery Whigs joined
the American “Know-Nothing” Party, while the remainder joined with independent Democrats
and Free-Soilers to form a new party, the Republicans. The initial members stood for one
principle: the exclusion of slavery from the western territories (Shi, p. 462). Knowing the
Republicans ideology, we will look at how the events leading up to the Kansas-Nebraska Act led
to greater political division that eventually caused the formation of the Republican Party and it’s
rise to the presidency in 1860.
In the 1850’s, America was becoming increasingly divided between those for and against
slavery. The Compromise of 1850 had temporarily appeased both sides by admitting California
as a free state, allowing no slavery restrictions in New Mexico and Utah, paying Texas,
abolishing slave trade but no slavery in the District of Columbia, establishing the Fugitive Slave
Act, and denying congress authority to interfere with interstate slave trade (Shi, p. 457). This
Fugitive Slave Act was highly contested, although very few slaves were returned to the south
under this Act. In fact, it ended up uniting anti-slavery people, more than aiding the South. It was
during this time that Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written, selling more than a million copies
worldwide and detailing the harsh brutality of slavery (Shi, p. 460-461).
In the mid-1850’s, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed. The main reason for it was to the
settle the vast territory west of Missouri and Iowa, and to create a transcontinental railroad to
capitalize on Asian markets and goods. New territories brought up questions of whether slavery
would be allowed, with many supporting “popular sovereignty” where voters chose whether they
would have slavery or not. The issue here was that the 1820 Missouri Compromise had said there
would be no new slaver.
In two paragraphs, respond to the prompt below. Journal entries .docxbagotjesusa
In two paragraphs, respond to the prompt below. Journal entries must contain proper grammar, spelling and capitalization.
Consider the communication pattern within your family of origin. How does your family's conversation orientation (how open your family is to discuss a range of topics) and conformity orientation (how strongly your family reinforces the uniformity of attitudes, values and beliefs) affect your interactions with your partner? If you don't think there is any effect, explain your reasoning.
.
Investigative Statement AnalysisInitial statement given by Ted K.docxbagotjesusa
Investigative Statement Analysis
Initial statement given by Ted Kennedy in reference to the accident that occurred on July 18, 1969 in Chappaquiddick, Massachusetts.
Date:
October 30, 2007
Analyst Comments:
Narrative Balance: The Prologue begins with sentence #1 and ends with sentence #3. The Central Issue begins with sentence #4 and ends with sentence #9. The Epilogue begins with sentence #10 and ends with sentence #14. Thus the breakdown is:
Prologue = 3 sentences
Central Issue = 6 sentences
Epilogue = 5 sentences
The narrative is somewhat unbalanced due to the short Prologue and thus can be considered to be possibly deceptive on its face. It is not unbalanced enough to say this conclusively.
Mean Length of Unit:
The narrative has 14 sentences and 237 words, thus giving a MLU of 16.9 rounded to 17. Thus any sentences 23 words or longer and any sentences 11 words or less can be considered deceptive on their face.
Structure of Analysis:
The actual sentences from the narrative are in bold italicized type. After each sentence are the number of words in the sentence, whether or not it is deceptive on its face, and the analyst’s comments. All of these will be in normal type.
1.
On July 18th, 1969, at approximately 11:15 P.M. in Chappaquiddick, Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, I was driving my car on Main Street on my way to get the ferry back to Edgartown.
30 words – Deceptive on its face. There is no mention of the passenger in this sentence. All of the pronouns are singular. It is “my car” “on my way”, etc. When the passenger is mentioned later, it is almost an afterthought. The deception in this sentence may be the last part of the sentence where he relates why he was driving the car. He very well may have been driving for some reason other than to get the ferry. This would be an area to be further explored in an interview.
2.
I was unfamiliar with the road and turned right onto Dike Road, instead of bearing hard left on Main Street.
20 words. “I was unfamiliar with the road” is an explanatory phrase telling us why he ended up on Dike Road. The phrase “instead of bearing hard left on Main Street” is a strange way of phrasing. Most people would say something like “instead of staying on Main Street.”
3.
After proceeding for approximately one-half mile on Dike Road I descended a hill and came upon a narrow bridge.
20 words. There is nothing particularly deceptive about this sentence. The phrasing of the sentence is very formal. The phrasing is almost like a police type report or a legal/lawyer way of phrasing. It also appears that the phrase “came upon a narrow bridge” is almost a passive way of phrasing that indicates he was taken by surprise and had no control over what he was doing.
4.
The car went off the side of the bridge.
9 words – This sentence is deceptive on its face. This is the very first sentence of the Central Issue. It is interesting to note that four of the six s.
Investigating Happiness at College SNAPSHOT T.docxbagotjesusa
Investigating Happiness at College
SNAPSHOT:
TOPIC Either a specific group related to college or a factor within
college life that possibly affects a specified group of college
students or students in general.
PITCH Present your topic and your research question to the class—
shark tank! Sound too scary? How about guppy tank ?).
Tentative due date: 2/5 & 2/7
ESSAY 1 The prospectus and the annotated bibliography.
Tentative due date: 2/21
ESSAY 2 Change in your topic or conducting your own study
Tentative due date: 3/16
ESSAY 3 Argument about a specific controversy within your topic
Tentative due date: 4/6
ESSAY 4 Answers and argues your refined research question about the
importance of your topic.
Tentative due date: 4/24
♥ Rough drafts with reflections about what is working and not working and
WHY will be required for the prospectus and essays 2 and 3. The work
on the rough draft and the reflections will count toward your essay grade.
♥ Final reflections submitted the class period after you submit your final
draft for essays 2-4 will also count as part of your essay grade.
♥ You will upload your drafts on Moodle. You will be asked to identify the
portions of the sources you used and submit hard copies of your sources
in a folder or files of your sources online.
Investigating Happiness at College:
Some questions that will help you form your own research
questions:
● Is happiness a necessity or a perk in college life?
● What do the expectations of happiness and the pursuit of
happiness reveal about a specific college group, college
students in general, or another college-related group?
● Considering both on-campus factors and off-campus factors
(at least at first), what most influences your group’s
happiness (or unhappiness)?
● Is there one major factor (on campus or off campus) you
would want to investigate that affects students’ happiness?
● How do the expectations about happiness that society has in
general or a certain specific segment of society (for
instance, parents) has, relate to college or college students?
● How much do preconceived notions and expectations about
college life affect student happiness?
● Hard work is hard to enjoy. So how do students balance that
hard work with the .
Investigate Development Case Death with Dignity Physician-Assiste.docxbagotjesusa
Investigate Development Case: Death with Dignity / Physician-Assisted Suicide
MAKE A DECISION: Is Ben's decision making being affected by his depression?
Yes
No
Why? Give reasons for why you chose the way you did. Consider the following factors in your reasons:
The effects of depression on decision making
Other stresses in Ben's life contributing to his state of mind
Ben's current quality of life
The family's values and beliefs
Your own values and beliefs
Please see attachment
.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Setting the Standard in Free Trade The Making of the Transatlant.docx
1. Setting the Standard in Free Trade: The Making of the
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
Directions: Read the case study and answer the following
questions. These questions must be submitted electronically
before class on October 10, 2017. You must also be present and
take part in the class discussion to get full credit for this
assignment. You should download this page and put your
answers in under each question. Your answers should be typed,
12 point font, single space. You are limited to 5 typed pages.
1. Cases are meant to “tell a story”. Describe in a paragraph
“what happened in this case.” (Note—this is not a discussion of
the issues rather just a description of the actors and events
occurring in the case). Use dates to anchor the story in time.
Next list what you think are two of the bigger issues raised by
the case that are worthy of discussion.
2. What was the hope for the TTIP? Why did individuals think
completing an agreement would be such a great achievement for
both sides? Give their evidence.
3. Pick three of the “difficult issue areas” described in the case.
What were the barriers to reaching agreement? Were they
political or economic?
4. What were some of the broader political and economic issues
that impacted the negotiations of the TTIP?
3. consent of the Case Program. For orders and copyright
permission information, please visit our website at
http://www.case.hks.harvard.edu/ or send a written request to
Case Program, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard
University, 79 John F. Kennedy Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Setting the Standard in Free Trade: The Making of the
Transatlantic
Trade and Investment Partnership
Introduction
On July 8 2013, more than 150 negotiators from the European
Union (EU) and United States (US) began talks
on what could become the world’s largest free trade
agreement—the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partner-
ship (TTIP).
If the negotiators succeeded, the TTIP would reduce trade
barriers between two economic giants and
encompass nearly half the global economy.
The challenge of crafting the bold and ambitious TTIP fell to
technocrats at the office of the United States
Trade Representative (USTR) and the European Commission
Directorate General of Trade (DGT). For lead TTIP ne-
gotiators, Daniel Mullaney at the USTR, and Ignacio Garcia-
Bercero at the DGT, the stakes were extraordinarily
4. high. Under pressure from US President Barack Obama and
European leaders to complete the TTIP by the end of
2014, the negotiators were in a race against time.
For decades, the United States and countries of the European
Union shared a successful trade and investment
relationship, described as “the most prosperous and dynamic
economic bond in the world ever.”1 In 2013, the US
and EU accounted for 30 percent of global trade. Every day,
$2.7 billion in goods and services were traded across
the Atlantic (see Exhibit B). And together, the US and EU had
bilateral investments worth roughly $4 trillion (see
Exhibit C).2 Yet, proponents of free trade argued that
substantial regulatory and “behind-the-border” obstacles
remained on both sides of the Atlantic, preventing American
and European markets from reaching their full eco-
nomic potential. By one estimate, a comprehensive US-EU trade
agreement would create one million jobs over 10
years, and increase European and American GDP by at least 0.5
percent each.
*
US President Barack Obama and European leaders including
German Chancellor Angela Merkel and British
Prime Minister David Cameron, hoped a transatlantic pact
5. would provide a low-cost boost to struggling American
and European economies (which were mired in recession and
high unemployment since 2008, and buckling under
*
In January 2013, a “High Level Working Group” commissioned
by American and European leaders to identify measures for
increasing transatlantic trade, reported that a “deep and
comprehensive” trade pact would mutually benefit the US and
EU by
promoting economic growth and creating jobs.
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This document is authorized for use only by Anish Puri in
Politics of International Economic Rlations taught by Prof.
Copeland, Bryant University from September 2017 to March
2018.
HKS Case Program 2 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
rising competition from Asia). “Both of us need growth, and
both of us also have budgetary difficulties,” said Jose
Manuel Barroso, president of the European Commission. “Trade
is the most economic way of promoting growth.”3
To many observers, it appeared that the time for broad
transatlantic trade liberalization had arrived.
President Obama formally announced the TTIP in his 2013 State
6. of the Union address. “We will launch talks on
a comprehensive Transatlantic Trade and Investment
Partnership with the European Union,” he said, “because
trade that is fair and free across the Atlantic supports millions
of good-paying American jobs.”
4
Prime Minister Da-
vid Cameron, calling the TTIP a “once-in-a-generation prize,”
asserted that “a deal will create jobs on both sides of
the Atlantic and make our countries more prosperous.”5
Billed as a transformational trade agreement, the TTIP would go
beyond tariffs to cut non-tariff barriers, ex-
pand trade in services, streamline regulatory standards, and
incorporate elements of trade relevant to a rapidly
evolving global economy. In sheer size and scope no other
bilateral trade agreement would compare to the pro-
posed TTIP. But the United States and European Union faced a
sobering reality. “The reason we have not had a
trade agreement like this between ourselves in the last several
decades isn’t because nobody thought of it,” said
United States Trade Representative, Michael Froman. “It’s
because there have always been issues that have
tripped us up.”6 Many of the easier trade deals between the EU
and US were already in place. On the negotiating
7. table were serious issues that would test fundamental
differences in American and European approaches to trade
and public policy, including contentious topics like genetically
modified food, regulatory standards for pharmaceu-
ticals, and notions of privacy. “The low-hanging fruit doesn’t
exist here anymore,” EU Trade Commissioner Karel De
Gucht explained.7 Yet, spurred by economic necessity, and
informed by past mistakes, Froman and De Gucht ex-
pected both continents to bridge the gap with the TTIP.
Could lead TTIP negotiators, Mullaney and Garcia-Bercero
succeed where their predecessors had failed? Could
the negotiating teams (haggling over thousands of issues, across
a dizzying array of industries, and operating under
intense scrutiny) rewrite the rules of transatlantic trade?
Mega Regionalism in Motion
The offices of the United States Trade Representative and the
European Directorate General of Trade had to
undertake a substantial amount of preparatory work before they
could begin negotiations in earnest. In March
2013, per US Congressional requirements, the Obama
administration informed the US Congress of its intent to
negotiate the TTIP with the European Union and gave Congress
members 90 days to comment.
*
8. At the same time,
in Brussels, the European Commission—the executive arm of
the EU—requested formal approval from the Council
of the European Union to begin negotiations on the TTIP.
†
The request included a list of general objectives the talks
were expected to achieve, also known as negotiating directives.
The negotiating directives were presented to the
European Parliament at the same time and later endorsed by the
EU Council. In June 2013, the US and EU revealed
* Under the procedures of the 2002 Trade Promotion Authority,
which was granted by Congress in 2002 and expired on July 1,
2007, this notification began a 90-day consultation period for
Congress to comment on the proposed negotiations, after which
the Administration could start negotiations.
†
The European Commission negotiates with trading partners on
behalf of the European Union, working closely with member
states through the Council of the European Union (also known
as the “Council of Ministers”).
For the exclusive use of A. Puri, 2017.
This document is authorized for use only by Anish Puri in
Politics of International Economic Rlations taught by Prof.
Copeland, Bryant University from September 2017 to March
2018.
9. HKS Case Program 3 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
their negotiating teams and a sampling of the topics and
industries to be covered in the negotiations (see Exhibit A
for list).
In 2013, both sides engaged in consultations with stakeholders,
including businesses, regulatory organizations,
and civil society groups, and commissioned studies on the
potential impacts of the TTIP. Many corporations, large
and small, saw transatlantic trade liberalization as key to
boosting their exports and global competitiveness. But
consumer groups were wary of businesses exercising undue
influence in the TTIP talks. “What [the corporations]
consider trade irritants, we consider the most important
consumer, health, environmental, privacy, financial stabil-
ity safeguards on either side of the Atlantic,” said Lori Wallach,
a director of Public Citizen, an advocacy group in
the US. “This is an effort to achieve through trade what that
they could not achieve through democratic processes
domestically.”8 Mullaney guaranteed that the TTIP negotiations
would not "undermine protections for consumers,
the environment and human health and safety." Garcia-Bercero
concurred, “the negotiations are not about com-
promising our standards," he said.9
10. Critics of the TTIP also complained about the lack of
transparency in the negotiation process, particularly when
a sweeping transatlantic deal would have far reaching
implications for America, Europe and the rest of the world.
Both groups claimed they would work to keep the talks
transparent, but EU Trade Commissioner De Gucht ex-
plained why an element of secrecy was integral to the process.
“Negotiations of all kinds—and certainly trade ne-
gotiations—involve building trust between both partners. They
also involve subtle negotiating tactics and trade-
offs. Negotiations are basically impossible with TV cameras in
the room," he noted. "If we want a good result,
some level of confidentiality is required."10
With the bulk of TTIP being crafted behind closed doors,
developing countries worried about how the deal
would impact their own ability to shape global trade rules.
“Will [the TTIP] be an ambitious EU-U.S. agreement that
will help push economies worldwide to produce safer products
for the environment and consumers?” asked Chi-
nese government newspaper Xinhua. “Or will TTIP raise the
market entry barriers for developing countries, making
it more difficult for their companies to reach western
consumers?”11
11. According to trade expert, Arvind Subramanian at the Peterson
Institute, “mega-regionals” like the TTIP posed
an “existential threat” to the multilateral trading process
promoted by the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Subramanian warned that as such deals proliferated,
“multilateral trade as we have known it will progressively
become history.”12 But with the possibility of a meaningful
global trade deal rapidly eroding, were regional agree-
ments the future of trade liberalization?
The (Failed) Promise of Doha
In 2001, trade ministers from WTO members met in Doha, Qatar
and famously embarked on an ambitious
multilateral trade negotiation. The Doha Round, as it came to be
known, began with a staggering 155 countries at
the negotiating table and was to include trade in agriculture,
goods and services, along with aspects not directly
related to trade, such as intellectual property and antitrust rules.
The Peterson Institute estimated that a multilat-
eral agreement could help the world economy grow by $280
billion dollars a year.13 In addition, the negotiations
were designed to include the interests of developing countries,
signaling a new era in trade liberalization.
For the exclusive use of A. Puri, 2017.
12. This document is authorized for use only by Anish Puri in
Politics of International Economic Rlations taught by Prof.
Copeland, Bryant University from September 2017 to March
2018.
HKS Case Program 4 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
Yet, for more than a decade, the Doha Round floundered. A host
of issues plagued the negotiations. The stick-
iest subjects were agriculture and industrial goods. Developing
countries wanted rich countries to lower farm sub-
sidies and increase market access to poor world farmers.
Western nations, on the other hand, wanted greater ac-
cess to emerging markets for their industrial products. By 2012,
the WTO’s focus on achieving an all-inclusive
grand bargain, driven by the dictum: “nothing is agreed until
everything is agreed,” had rendered the Doha Round,
by most accounts, virtually dead.
Frustrated by the stasis at the WTO, countries grew increasingly
attracted to regional trade agreements. Bilat-
eral or “plurilateral” deals offered the benefits of liberalization
without the compromises inherent in broader trade
integration efforts. “For too long, much of the economic force
and sacrifice in [the WTO] to produce global trade
agreements has come at the expense of the US and EU,” said
13. former USTR Ron Kirk. “We have been lectured over
and over by our colleagues from the emerging markets that they
have the economic heft and prestige to demand a
seat at the table. And we agree.” But Kirk believed that
emerging economies also needed to make allowances by
opening up further to America and Europe.14 Regional
agreements like the TTIP, in essence, allowed America to
pursue trade with “can-do countries” rather than “won’t-do
countries.”15
In 2012, the Obama administration unfurled an ambitious
regional trade agenda by kicking off talks with most
of East Asia, called the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Even the EU,
historically committed to a multilateral trading pro-
cess facilitated by the WTO, demonstrated a shift in policy by
entering into trade agreements with Canada and the
US, and floated similar proposals with Japan and India. And
many emerging economies began to enter into region-
al trade agreements of their own.
In December 2013, however, the Doha Round negotiators finally
concluded their first global trade deal with a
pact on “trade facilitation”—a set of customs procedures to cut
bureaucratic costs—agreed to by all 159 WTO
members. Proponents of the multilateral trade approach
optimistically touted the agreement as an important
14. breakthrough. But critics noted that it had taken the Doha
Round 12 years of extensive bickering to arrive at a
relatively limited agreement. In July 2014, just seven months
after agreeing to the trade facilitation deal, India
blocked its passage, nipping the deal in the bud, and lending
greater weight to the argument for regional accords
like the TTIP.
A Pincer Movement
For the US and EU, the pivot toward regional agreements belied
a deeper geopolitical strategy. By the early
2000s, as the second largest economy in the world, China had
begun to wield considerable influence on the global
economy. Moreover, to the dismay of developed and developing
nations alike, China was routinely found guilty of
flouting WTO rules for fair trade such as dumping and
subsidies. Foreign firms operating in China experienced
problems in protecting their intellectual property rights and
competing with domestic, state-owned firms which
were often given special benefits. By excluding China from
large trading blocs, like TTIP and the Trans-Pacific Part-
nership, the US and EU were aiming to consolidate their own
global clout in the twenty-first century—and hoping
to establish a “rules-based” trading system that China and other
15. emerging economies would have little choice but
to follow. "No individual country has the influence to persuade
China to play by the rules,” said Dan Grant, Fellow
at non-partisan think tank, American Security Project. “No
country's market is so big on its own that the threat of
For the exclusive use of A. Puri, 2017.
This document is authorized for use only by Anish Puri in
Politics of International Economic Rlations taught by Prof.
Copeland, Bryant University from September 2017 to March
2018.
HKS Case Program 5 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
tariffs is enough to curb Beijing's behavior. The TTIP zone
would change that. It would present China with the
choice of joining in or potentially being frozen out.”16
According to EU Trade Commissioner De Gucht, “unless the
United States and Europe are in agreement, in too
many future trade cases, we would be forced to accept Chinese
standards.” Alluding to China, US Secretary of
State John Kerry announced, “if [the US and EU] can bring our
regulations regarding safety and other kinds of
things together… We will have established a huge number of
goods and products being produced according to a
16. set of standards. And others who want to get into that are going
to have to raise their game.” 17
The pincer movement could place Europe and America in a
position of strength, but China was unlikely to
stand by as Western economies tried to shift the balance of
power. Chinese officials actively campaigned for a seat
at the Trans Pacific Partnership negotiations, promoted their
own mega regional agreement (the Regional Com-
prehensive Economic Partnership) and closely watched the TTIP
talks.
*
“Intermittent claims of a potential trade
cold war are bubbling up in Chinese media, and they're likely to
intensify as the TTIP negotiations advance,” ex-
plained Grant. “Moreover, developing countries would be more
likely to harmonize their rules in line with the
principles of a well-designed TTIP. This is of particular
concern to China, which is spending billions to pull govern-
ments into its economic orbit.”18
Deeper Economic Integration
By 2013, the cost of commerce between the EU and US was
already at an all-time low. Tariffs on products sold
across the Atlantic ranged from just 3 to 5 percent.19 But the
TTIP negotiators were working toward “deep and
17. comprehensive” trade liberalization; their sights on reducing
“behind the border” trade barriers, which included:
opening up government procurement prac-
tices, especially those of some US states, (i.e. eliminating “buy
American” government contract rules);
d regulations across a range of
industries such as automobiles, pharmaceuticals
and financial derivatives;
-
first century, like intellectual property, labor
regulations, environmental rules, foreign direct investment, and
the treatment of state-owned enterprises.
The London-based Center for Economic Policy Research
predicted a transatlantic trade agreement that elimi-
nated tariffs and reduced non-tariff trade costs by 25 percent
would increase annual EU GDP by 1 percent and that
of the US by 0.8 percent. Annual exports for both the US and
EU would grow as much as 2 percent of GDP. Given
the volume of transatlantic trade, even a less ambitious deal that
left some tariffs intact, and made only nominal
cuts in non-tariff barriers could yield substantial gains,
according to the Center.
20
18. *
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership is a
proposed free trade agreement between the Association of
Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, which include: Brunei,
Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the
Philip-
pines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, plus the countries
ASEAN has free trade agreements with, namely, China,
Australia,
India, Japan, Korea and New Zealand.
For the exclusive use of A. Puri, 2017.
This document is authorized for use only by Anish Puri in
Politics of International Economic Rlations taught by Prof.
Copeland, Bryant University from September 2017 to March
2018.
HKS Case Program 6 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
In theory, such an overarching transatlantic deal would be
easier to reach than an agreement with countries
from the emerging world, with vociferous protectionist factions.
In practice, however, large gaps remained. “For us
and probably for the Europeans, the issue… is: Where can a
comprehensive negotiation add value to the relation-
ship?” said Mullaney, chief US negotiator for TTIP. “The
19. United States and Europe have been working together for
a long time to try to remove trade and investment barriers, so
any low-hanging fruit has long ago been eaten and
digested. We’re left with many of the challenging issues.”21
But the big economic prize lay in the much harder to negotiate
areas of common regulatory standards and
non-tariff barriers.22 It would be up to lead negotiators Garcia-
Bercero and Mullaney to find new ways to address
old disagreements.
Market Access
In addition to expanding trade in goods, the US and EU were
looking to open up markets for services, which
made up the bulk of their economic output. But powerful vested
interests on both sides of the Atlantic jeopardized
these ambitions. In a broad range of industries, from financial
derivatives to audiovisual services, lobbying groups
and political forces could easily press for exemptions, known as
“carve outs,” hollowing out the final scope of the
TTIP.
French Film
In June 2013, France and other EU countries gave the TTIP
negotiators an early taste of the challenges that lay
20. ahead. For many years, European nations had successfully
protected sectors the EU considered “culturally sensi-
tive.” France’s subsidized films and television programs were
prominent beneficiaries of this cultural exception.
Even before the TTIP was formally announced, France and
several other European countries demanded that audi-
ovisual services remain out of the European Commission’s
negotiating mandate, particularly because the “power
of the United States’ audiovisual industry worldwide makes this
sector one of [the US’s] priorities in all trade nego-
tiations.”23
The EU did not include audiovisual services in the list of
sectors to be negotiated under the TTIP, though Jose
Manuel Barroso, the head of the European Commission, left
open the possibility of adding them into the agree-
ment later.24 The US, however, hoped for more productive
discussion. “There are going to be sensitivities on both
sides. There are going to be politics on both sides. But if we can
look beyond the narrow concerns to stay focused
on the big picture—the economic and strategic importance of
this partnership—I'm hopeful we can achieve the
kind of high-standard, comprehensive agreement that the global
trading system is looking to us to develop," Presi-
dent Obama said.25
21. Buy Transatlantic
A central goal in the TTIP negotiations related to improving
access to government procurement opportuni-
ties.26 Europe urged the US to set aside “Buy American”
bidding preferences in government contracts for all sec-
tors, at all levels of government.
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2018.
HKS Case Program 7 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
Mullaney and his colleagues at the USTR were authorized to
negotiate federal procurement processes under
the TTIP, but state government contracts were outside the
USTR’s jurisdiction. State governments could voluntarily
agree to TTIP procurement obligations, as 37 of them had done
in the plurilateral WTO Agreement on Government
Procurement.
27 In difficult economic times, however, it was hard to imagine
that representatives from economical-
22. ly depressed states would be willing to set aside “Buy
American” protections in government contracts to promote
free trade.
Regulatory Coherence
Multinational corporations had long complained that differences
in US and EU regulations were far bigger bar-
riers to trade than tariffs or quotas. Factors like different drug
approval processes, separate automobile safety
standards, and consumer-product safety procedures introduced
extra costs for companies doing business on both
sides of the Atlantic. Economists similarly argued that even
though regulations were designed to protect consum-
ers and the environment, different standards and certification
processes negatively affected the competitive posi-
tion of firms. A 2005 OECD study estimated that regulatory
differences between the US and EU cost America
roughly 1 to 3 percent of its GDP.28 TTIP proponents asserted
that a common standard or “mutual recognition” of
US and EU regulatory processes would significantly reduce
firms’ costs of complying with two sets of rules, and
help boost both economies.
A single transatlantic standard appealed to a diverse range of
industries, such as automobiles, toys and foot-
23. wear. A US Congressional Research Service report on the TTIP
observed that:29
Even though similar cars are sold in both [US and EU] markets,
there are widely different transat-
lantic standards and testing requirements for many parts,
including wiper blades, headlights,
light beams, and seat belts… [A] U.S.-based producer of light
trucks found that a popular U.S.
model the manufacturer wanted to sell in Europe required 100
unique parts, an additional $42
million in design and development costs, incremental testing of
33 vehicle systems, and 133 ad-
ditional people to develop—all without any performance
differences in terms of safety or emis-
sions. EU manufacturers face similar issues in reverse when
selling an EU-designed model in the
United States.
For others, the notion of a common transatlantic standard,
tapped into deep-seated fears. Consumer and en-
vironmental groups believed that in a rush to align regulatory
systems, officials in Washington and Brussels would
engage in a “race to the bottom.” According to Matthew
Yglesias at Slate, an American online magazine, “business
talks a big game about its desire for simpler and more
24. harmonious rules, but in practice this means they want laxer
regulations. America could adopt European-style lax rules about
bank capital while Europe is pushed to embrace
American-style light regulation of hedge funds.”30 Amid
criticism, the TTIP negotiating teams maintained that “mak-
ing regulations more compatible [did] not mean going for the
lowest common denominator. But rather seeing
where we diverge unnecessarily. There will be no compromise
whatsoever on safety, consumer protection or the
environment,” they guaranteed.31
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2018.
HKS Case Program 8 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
For Mullaney and Garcia-Bercero, reaching consensus on
regulatory standards presented the biggest hurdle in
the negotiations, but promised the greatest reward. If the two
economies were able to meaningfully harmonize
their regulatory systems, it would lead to an unprecedented
transatlantic integration, and (given the economic and
25. industrial heft of the two continents) usher in a US-EU led
regulatory regime as the de-facto standard for the rest
of the world. But experts widely believed that talks on
regulatory coherence were more likely to break the TTIP
than make it.
Mutual Recognition
The principle of mutual recognition emerged out of the failure
of the European Commission to agree on com-
mon pan-European standards for products. Instead of navigating
the exceedingly difficult (and lengthy) task of
building consensus on standards among all member states, the
EC deftly opted to recognize different standards in
European countries as equal. In essence, mutual recognition
ensured that when a product met the standard in one
European country, it could be sold in all other European
countries. By the 1990s, mutual recognition had become
de rigueur in the EU, but translating that success across the
Atlantic proved immeasurably more difficult.
Between the 1990s and mid-2000s, American and European
officials were engaged in numerous attempts to
harmonize standards, but to mixed effect. The 1995 New
Transatlantic Agenda (NTA) was the first mechanism
through which the European and American government
officials, along with important stakeholders, such as busi-
26. ness, labor, and environmental groups, held regular dialogs on
regulatory compliance. These dialogs laid the foun-
dation for early “Mutual Recognition Agreements” between the
US and EU.
For pragmatic reasons, negotiators in Washington and Brussels
decided to pursue a narrow form of mutual
recognition in a small number of sectors. Under these
agreements, if a product met the testing, certification and
inspection requirements in the US, it would automatically
satisfy the testing, certification and inspection require-
ments in Europe, even if the underlying regulations or standards
for the product remained different in the domes-
tic markets. The mutual recognition process, by its nature,
required domestic regulatory systems (like the Federal
Drug Administration) to interact with international trading rules
which triggered “unprecedented institutional chal-
lenges” on both sides of the Atlantic.
32
Ultimately, after four years of “on-again, off-again” talks, the
EU and US
signed the first set of Mutual Recognition Agreements in 1998.
Industries included telecommunications equip-
ment, recreational crafts, and medical devices. Other sectors
were added in 2003.
27. If the TTIP negotiators adopted the mutual recognition template
for different sectors, they would once again
face the challenge of mapping domestic regulatory processes to
the demands of trade liberalization. Perhaps for
this reason, the teams also looked into “horizontal” standards—
which would apply across a group of industries. In
addition, the teams explored the creation of a regulatory
compliance body that would oversee future transatlantic
standard setting. "There are different types of tools which
depend very much on the specificities of each sector,
and where you need to have the regulators looking into the
issues thoroughly,” explained Garcia-Bercero. “[We
are] Looking into all the opportunities and moving forward on
each of them as we progress in these negotia-
tions."33 Whatever regulatory compliance mechanism the
negotiators chose, they were sure to contend with en-
trenched differences in European and American policy
preferences.
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28. HKS Case Program 9 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
Farm Frenzy
Agricultural products reopened old wounds with the TTIP.
European preference for non-genetically modified
food historically raised US farm lobby hackles and did so once
again under the TTIP. The EU determined that trade
in genetically modified crops and hormone-fed beef would not
be part of TTIP negotiations.
*
In response, a coali-
tion of 50 American farm groups wrote a letter to the USTR
saying, “‘precaution’ in the EU has become a pretext
for import protectionism under the pretense of consumer safety.
As a result, US exports have repeatedly paid the
price.”34 Barroso, head of the European Commission retorted,
“these negotiations are not about compromising the
health of our consumers for commercial gains.”
35
The arguments over agricultural trade brought into sharp focus
core differences in American and European
approaches to risk management. EU regulators, for instance,
could adopt policy measures when they believed sci-
29. entific evidence on the safety of a product (or process)
indicated potential harm. US regulators, on the other hand,
could do so only when the evidence conclusively demonstrated
harm. In the area of agricultural trade, as in the
past, the TTIP negotiating groups would be hard pressed to find
common ground.
Financial Services
The TTIP negotiators hit on yet another thorny issue with
financial services. Both sides agreed on the need to
eliminate unnecessary or duplicative requirements made of
financial institutions, but disagreed on how to achieve
those gains. The EU was keen to use the TTIP to establish a
common transatlantic framework to bind financial
regulators and authorities. “The inconsistencies are not only
significant barriers to trade and investment but they
also undermine the global financial stability that both the US
and EU have been seeking to achieve,” the European
Commission said.36 US regulators, however, feared the TTIP
could weaken financial reforms, enacted under the
2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection
Act, to prevent another economic crisis like the
one in 2008.
Yet, the Dodd-Frank legislation was a big drive behind the EU’s
strident demand for TTIP action on financial
30. regulation. The EU worried that under new US capital
requirements, European banks, which until recently could
operate in the US with relatively little capital, would have to
comply with significantly higher capital by setting up
US subsidiaries, rather than operating their American branches
as part of a larger integrated company. Several
members of the US Congress and regulators at the Department
of Treasury and Federal Reserve were loath to give
up the hard-won gains in the Dodd-Frank legislation just to
appeal to EU interests, particularly in light of the persis-
tent economic challenges the EU continued to face.
*
The EU allowed small concessions, such as approving lactic
acid as a cleanser for beef carcasses, but the bigger issues re-
mained.
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31. HKS Case Program 10 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
Data Protection
Before the TTIP negotiations began, Mullaney was confident
that the US and Europe could negotiate “provi-
sions that would encourage data flows and respect the privacy
regimes that each side values so much." 37 But a
wide-ranging US government-sanctioned data surveillance
program, which included the tapping of German Chan-
cellor, Angela Merkel’s cell phone, cast a pall over the opening
round of TTIP talks. Outwardly, both negotiating
teams maintained that talks were cordial in the wake of the
massive snooping scandal. “The Commission’s view
and the position taken by all leaders at the… European Council
is clear: Let’s not mix up the phone tapping issue
with the ongoing trade talks,” announced Vivian Reding, Vice-
President of the European Commission.38 Yet,
charged debates on digital data clauses in the TTIP revealed
otherwise.
At the center of the debate lay the difference in American and
European approaches to data privacy. “For the
EU, privacy is considered a fundamental right and remains
highly regulated, said journalist James Fonatella-Khan at
the Financial Times. “Meanwhile, in the US, [privacy] is
deemed a consumer right and is lightly regulated.”39 Histor-
32. ically, the EU banned companies from transferring private data
of its citizens to another country, unless that coun-
try provided an “adequate” level of data protection. The US was
among the countries the EU deemed to have in-
adequate data protection. To overcome this trade barrier, in
2000, the US and the EU signed a “Safe Harbor”
agreement under which US firms could voluntarily comply with
EU data protection laws. From the outset, for both
American companies and European regulators, Safe Harbor
presented numerous compromises. Some American
industries with large data components such as financial services
firms were not part of the Safe Harbor framework
and were required to make independent legal arrangements to
transfer EU citizens’ data. In light of the revelations
of the US spying program, several EU countries were further
convinced that Safe Harbor was a “leaky sieve for EU
citizens’ personal data.”
40
With the TTIP, US firms including technology giants Google
and Facebook saw the opportunity to free up data
flows across the Atlantic. “US businesses operating online in
the EU or engaged in transatlantic digital trade have
encountered significant obstacles and impediments,” said a
33. lobbyist for the US technology industry. “The obstacles
US [technology] companies face in the EU are analogous to
classic technical barriers to trade – they disfavor US
business in cloud computing, social media, mobile apps and
other internet services without any substantial justifi-
cation.”41
Mutual recognition of digital privacy standards would help
American companies operate under US law in the
EU, and prevent them from having to comply with far more
stringent EU privacy regulations in the future. But, in
November 2013, the EU appeared to close the door on a TTIP
data privacy chapter. “Including data protection in
the trade talks is like opening Pandora’s box,” Reding said.
“The EU is not ready to lower its own standards ... That
is why the free trade agreement negotiations are not going to
include privacy standards.”42
Rules of Trade
In comparison to the tricky mandate of negotiating regulatory
coherence, many analysts believed discussions
on trade-based rules for the TTIP would be relatively simpler.
In terms of strategic importance, however, chapters
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2018.
HKS Case Program 11 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
in the TTIP on investments, intellectual property, labor,
environment, and trade facilitation, would eventually de-
termine whether the TTIP lived up to expectations of being the
standard bearer of a global rules-based trading
system.
International Investments
Unlike in other aspects of international trade, there was no
comprehensive multilateral framework for inter-
national investments. Investment flows between countries were
instead, governed by Bilateral Investment Trea-
ties (BITS), and investment chapters in free trade agreements.
Many investment treaties were often crafted with a
common premise: protect foreign investors when operating in
the territory of a host country. Under these agree-
ments, host countries faced a series of obligations to ensure
“fair and equitable treatment” of foreign direct in-
vestments, including allowing foreign investors the right to
transfer profits back to their home countries, as well as
35. the right to receive compensation for “direct and indirect”
expropriation of assets or funds. Investment agree-
ments also typically included provisions for resolution of
disputes between investors and states at independent
arbitration panels.
Designed primarily as a way to safeguard global investments,
international investment agreements were em-
braced by developed and developing nations alike. Developed
countries could enjoy investment protection abroad
under the aegis of investment agreements, while developing
countries could promote foreign direct investments
by agreeing to comply with the norms as set by the accords.
Globally, by 2011, there were approximately 3,000
international investment agreements in operation.43 The EU and
US had trillions of dollars invested in each other’s
economies, and had each negotiated dozens of Bilateral
Investment Treaties and investment chapters in free trade
agreements with countries across the world (see Exhibit C).
But a staple in investment agreements, the investor-state dispute
settlement mechanism had become contro-
versial. In theory, provisions for investor-state dispute
settlement at international arbitration panels helped ensure
that governments complied with treaty obligations by allowing
firms to bring a lawsuit directly against a country.
36. But as investment agreements proliferated, so did investment
disputes, which increasingly involved multinational
organizations seeking compensation against specific national
policies. In 2011, for example, Phillip Morris the ciga-
rette maker brought a lawsuit against Australia’s Tobacco Plain
Packaging Act. The legislation banned the use of
graphics, pictures and symbols in cigarette packaging and
marketing. Arguing that the Tobacco Act violated the
Australia Hong-Kong Bilateral Investment Treaty, Philip Morris
sought to either suspend the legislation or receive
compensatory damages to the tune of several billion Australian
dollars.
*
Some experts argued that the TTIP would not need an
investment chapter since the US and EU shared similar
investment climates and strong legal systems. Yet others
believed that the TTIP should include a mechanism for
investor-state dispute settlement, to create a precedent for
future deals with countries where legal protections for
foreign investments were not as robust. "We both have strong
rule of law. We have strong legal traditions against
discrimination against foreign investors," said Michael Froman
US Trade Representative. "But many of the other
37. countries don't, and for this reason, we hope that investment
protection will be one of several areas in which TTIP
*
As of July 2014, the case was still in the dispute settlement
process.
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HKS Case Program 12 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
is able to set a new global standard."44 European Trade
Commissioner Karel De Gucht too sought to bolster provi-
sions in existing member state investment treaties through the
TTIP, particularly after the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon
gave the European Commission authority over foreign
investment policy for EU countries.
TTIP negotiators argued that the transatlantic trade deal could
help strengthen investor-state dispute clauses
by tightening the rules and closing loopholes found in other
investment agreements. But in Europe, labor, con-
sumer and environmental groups vehemently opposed the
inclusion of investor-state dispute settlement in the
38. TTIP out of fear that European governments would open
themselves up to a slew of lawsuits that could ultimately
weaken European standards in areas as wide-ranging as
healthcare and food security. German and other EU mem-
ber states’ political opposition to investor protections had
already threatened to unravel the investment chapter in
the 2013 EU Canada trade deal, widely seen as a precursor to
the TTIP. Similarly, Australia refused to abide by in-
vestor protections in the US-led Trans Pacific Partnership. Not
surprisingly, in mid-2014, amid rising public outrage
against investor protections, Garcia-Bercero and Mullaney were
forced to temporarily suspend negotiations on the
investment chapter.
Energy Boost
Another unexpected source of tension in the TTIP talks grew
out of the EU’s decades-long dependence on
Russian oil. In mid-2014, Europe looked to the US for support
as Russia’s increasingly combative President Vladimir
Putin annexed Crimea, took a tough stand on Ukraine, and
signed a large energy deal with China. EU leaders be-
lieved that given the natural gas and shale oil boom in the US,
the TTIP should include an energy chapter to help
secure an affordable supply of US energy exports to Europe.
39. The leaders hoped this agreement would further
boost Western nations’ ability to apply geopolitical pressure on
Russia to conform to international norms. But for
the US, a TTIP chapter on energy presented economic and
political challenges at home. The US had instituted a
ban on oil exports in the 1970s, and except for the North
American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexi-
co, had not included an energy chapter in any trade agreement.
US negotiators maintained that the EU like other
trade signatories with the US would be given “domestic
treatment” for exports of liquefied natural gas, but clearly
the EU wanted more.
Geographic Indicators
Although the TTIP trade officials had not foreseen the degree of
opposition they would encounter with inves-
tor protection or energy exports, they were aware that
negotiations on regional labels, or “Geographic Indicators”
were likely to reprise old discords. In order to successfully
conclude TTIP, Mullaney and Garcia-Bercero would have
to address demands from small but significant groups like
cheese makers in Parma and potato growers in Idaho.
Historically, the EU insisted on strong Geographic Indicator
commitments to secure the economic interests of re-
40. gional European manufacturers. But US officials relied on
trademark law to protect regional labels and believed the
EU focus on Geographic Indicators ran counter to international
trademark practice, affecting the viability of global-
ly accepted generic products.
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2018.
HKS Case Program 13 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
The End Game
By June 2014, after five rounds of trade talks, most observers
agreed that the TTIP negotiations were unlikely
to result in a trade pact by December 2014, but likely to go on
till 2015 or later. Garcia-Bercero and Mullaney had a
clear sense of the objective challenges in crafting a
comprehensive transatlantic deal, but the political obstacles
had become increasingly hard to ignore. The May 2014
European Parliamentary elections marked the beginning of
a slowdown in the TTIP talks. Negotiators chose to focus on
technical aspects of the agreement rather than politi-
41. cally sensitive issues as they awaited the new composition of
the European Parliament, with a new European
Commission President and Trade Commissioner set to assume
office before the end of 2014. US negotiators feared
that some of the newly elected Members of the European
Parliament were actively against the TTIP, and would try
to block the agreement (see exhibit D for 2014 results of the EU
Parliament elections). EU negotiators, on the other
hand, worried that the US midterm elections in November 2014
would once again stall negotiations. President
Obama had been unable to convince his fellow democrats in the
US Senate to give him “trade promotion authori-
ty,” which would allow a fast-track, up-or-down vote on trade
agreements. Even if the Democrats regained their
majority in the US senate, the question of giving the Obama
administration trade promotion authority was likely to
be shelved till 2015 or 2016, when Obama’s second term would
end.
Public opinion too was unexpectedly redefining the course of
the negotiations. Many environmental, consum-
er and labor groups in Europe were using public consultations
on the TTIP and the power of social media to rau-
cously argue against several TTIP proposals. On the other side
of the Atlantic, an April 2014 Pew survey found that
42. Americans, in general, valued free trade but found specific
provisions in the TTIP problematic.45 A surge of anti-TTIP
sentiment among Europeans and Americans boded ill for the
negotiators. Trade officials also recognized that in the
interconnected era of “mega regionals,” the fate of trade
agreements such as the EU-Canada trade deal, and the
US-led Trans Pacific Partnership, would also ultimately
influence the scope of the TTIP.
More than a year into the talks, Mullaney, Garcia-Bercero and
their teams were yet to begin negotiating the
actual text of the trade agreement. Despite the odds, they hoped
to craft a transformative transatlantic trade
agreement that would set the standard for global trade in the
twenty-first century.
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2018.
HKS Case Program 14 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
Exhibit A: US and EU Lead Negotiators for the Transatlantic
Trade and Investment Partnership
43. Source: EU list of negotiators available at:
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2013/july/tradoc_151668.p
df (accessed Feb-
ruary 12, 2014; US list of negotiators available at
http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/lead%20negotiators%20li
st%20TTIP.pdf (accessed February 12, 2014).
Chief Negotiator Dan Mullaney Chief Negotiator Ignacio Garcia
Bercero
Deputy Chief Negotiator David Weiner Deputy Chief Negotiator
Damien Levie
Assistant Chief Negotiator Kate Kalutkiewicz
Negotiating Team Coordinator Isabella Detwiler
Negotiating Area Leads
Agricultural Market Access Mary Lisa Madell Market Access
for Goods Damien Levie
Competition Mary Ryckman John Clarke/Jean-Marc Trarieux
Cross-Border Services Thomas Fine Zoltan Somogyi
Customs and Trade
Facilitation
Dawn Shackleford Antonis Kastrissianakis
Electronic Commerce and
Telecommunications
Robb Tanner Fernando Perreau de Pinninck
44. Energy and Raw Materials Jean Kemp
Environment David Oliver
Services and Investment
Marco Düerkop
Financial Services
Amanda Yarusso-Horan and
Gavin Buckley
Martin Merlin
Government Procurement Scott Pietan Marco Düerkop
Intellectual Property Rights George York Investment Leopoldo
Rubinacci
Investment Jai Motwane Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Colin Brown
Labor Carlos Romero
Legal/Institutional Issues Amy Karpel and Matthew Jaffe
Overall coordination Fernando Perreau de Pinninck
Localization Barriers Arrow Augerot Regulatory Coherence
Geraldine Emberger
Market Access and Industrial
Goods Tariffs
Sushan Demirjian and Mary
45. Thornton
Technical Barriers to Trade Paul De Lusignan
Regulatory Coherence and
Transparency
Rachel Shub Sectoral Annexes on Trade in Goods Fernando
Perreau de Pinninck
Rules of Origin Jason Bernstein Philippe Jean
Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures
Mary Lisa Madell Carsten Schittek
Sectoral Annexes/Regulatory
Cooperation
Jim Sanford and Barbara
Norton
Birgit Weidel
Small- and Medium-Sized
Enterprises
Christina Sevilla Pablo Neira
State-Owned Enterprises Victor Mroczka Klaus Berend
Technical Barriers to Trade Julia Doherty Benjamin Musall
Textiles Gail Strickler and Caroyl Miller Laurent Selles
46. Trade Remedies Victor Mroczka Ivone Kaizeler
Sébastien Goux
Ivone Kaizeler
Roman Mokry
Ivone Kaizeler
Constantin Livas
Ivone Kaizeler
Lorenzo Terzi
Ulrich Weigl
Public Procurement Anders Jessen
Pedro Velasco Martins
John Clarke/Raimundo Serra
Trade and Sustainable Development
(labour and environment)
Monika Hencsey
Competition Policy; State Owned
Enterprises; and other enterprises
benefiting from special government
granted rights; Subsidies
47. Christophe Kiener and Blanca
Rodriguez
Trade-related Aspects of Raw
Materials and Energy
Petros Sourmelis
Antonis Kastrissianakis
Denis Redonnet
Dispute Settlement Luca De Carli
SMEs Denis Redonnet
Other rules Denis Redonnet
United States European Union
Services and Investment
Customs and Trade Facilitation
Intellectual Property (including
Geographic Indicators)
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Textiles Technical Barriers to Trade
Cosmetics
48. Pharmaceuticals
Medical devices
Overall Coordination
Agriculture & Processed Agricultural
Products
Rules of Origin
Sub-group on regulatory cooperation
in financial services
Cars
Machinery and electronics
Chemicals
Regulatory Cluster
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2018.
HKS Case Program 15 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
Exhibit B: US EU Bilateral Trade
49. Note: Two-way trade calculated as the sum of exports and
imports of goods and services.
Trade figures were revised as of March 2013 and not seasonally
adjusted.
Adapted from Jeffrey J. Schott and Cathleen Cimino, “Crafting
a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: What Can be
Done,” Peterson Institute for International Economics Policy
Brief, March 2013.
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2018.
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2018.
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2018.
HKS Case Program 18 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
Exhibit D: European Parliament 2014 Election Results by
Political Group
79. Source: European Parliament, “Results of the 2014 European
Elections,” http://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-
results/en/election-results-2014.html (accessed July 2014).
Political Group
% of EU
Parliament
Position
on TTIP
EPP
Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats)
29.43% Pro
S&D
80. Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
25.43% Pro
ECR
European Conservatives and Reformists 9.32% Pro
ALDE
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 8.92% Pro
GUE/NGL
European United Left/Nordic Green Left
6.92% Anti
81. Greens/EFA
The Greens/European Free Alliance
6.66% Anti
EFDD
Europe of freedom and direct democracy Group 6.39% Mixed
NI
Non-attached Members – Members not belonging to any
political group 6.92%
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82. Politics of International Economic Rlations taught by Prof.
Copeland, Bryant University from September 2017 to March
2018.
HKS Case Program 19 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
Endnotes
1
John Meltzer, “Transatlantic trade called win-win growth
formula for US and Europe,” World Tribune, April 19, 2013.
2
Final Report, High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth,
February 11, 2013, available at:
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2013/february/tradoc_1505
19.pdf, accessed February 2014.
3
James Canter and Jack Ewing, “A Running Start for a US-
Europe Trade Pact,” The New York Times, February 13, 2013.
4
Ibid.
5
Ibid.
6
James Politi and Joshua Chaffin, “Rocky road lies ahead in
trade pact talks,” The Financial Times, February 13, 2013.
7
83. Ibid., endnote #3.
8
Danny Hakim and Eric Lipton, “US-European Trade Talks Inch
Ahead Amid Flurry of Corporate Wishlists,” New York Times,
September 12 2013.
9
John Thor Dahlburg, “EU, US Envoys: Trade pact wouldn’t
hurt consumers,” Bloomberg Business Week, November 15,
2013.
10
“TTIP ‘Stocktaking’ Set for February 17. In DC; Officials Hold
Preparatory Meeting,” World Trade Online, January 23, 2014.
11
Christien van den Brink, “Dutch expert says TTIP might be
game changer for geopolitics,” Xinhua Net, January 14, 2014.
12
“In my backyard: Multilateral trade pacts are increasingly
giving ways to regional ones,” The Economist, October 12,
2013.
13
“Goodbye Doha, Hello Bali,” The Economist, September 6,
2012.
14
Ibid.
15
David Pilling and Shawn Donnan, “Trans-Pacific Partnership:
Ocean’s Twelve,” The Financial Times, September 22, 2013.
84. 16
Dan Grant, “Transatlantic trade: Is China in or out?” The Hill
Blogpost, July 22, 2013, available at:
http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/312613-
transatlantic-trade-is-china-in-or-out, accessed February 2014.
17
Steven Erlanger, “Conflicting Goals Complicate an Effort to
Forge a Transatlantic Trade Dea,l” New York Times, June 12,
2013.
18
Ibid., Endnote #16.
19
Final Report, High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth,
February 11, 2013, available at:
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2013/february/tradoc_1505
19.pdf, accessed February 2014.
20
Center for Economic and Policy Research, “Reducing
Transatlantic Barriers to Trade and Investment: An Economic
Assess-
ment,” March 2013.
21
Ibid.
22
“Opening Shots: Trade negotiations between America and the
European Union will not be smooth,” The Economist, July 4,
2013.
23
85. Letter from EU member state Cultural Ministers to European
Commission, available at:
http://insidetrade.com//index.php?option=com_iwpfile&file
=jun2013/wto2013_1853.pdf, accessed February 2014.
24
“Obama EU Leaders Formally Launch TTIP, Acknowledge
Challenges Ahead,” World Trade Online, June 17, 2013.
25
Ibid.
26
Final Report, High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth,
February 11, 2013, available at:
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2013/february/tradoc_1505
19.pdf, accessed February 2014.
27
Institute for Agricultural and Trade Policy, “Promises and
Perils of TTIP,” Heinrich Boll Foundation TTIP Series, October
2013.
28
Raymond Ahearn, “Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation:
Background and Analysis,” Congressional Research Service,
August
24, 2009.
29
Shayerah Ilias Akhtar and Vivian C. Jones, “Proposed
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: In Brief,”
Congressional
Research Service, July 2013.
30
86. Matthew Yglesias, “Getting in Bed with Europe,” Slate, June
18, 2013, available at:
http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2013/06/ttip_t
ransatlantic_trade_and_investment_partnership_would_cre
ate_the_biggest.html, accessed March 2014.
31
European Commission, In Focus: TTIP, available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/ttip/questions-and-
answers/,
accessed March 2014.
32
Charan Deveraux, Robert Z. Lawrence, and Michael D.
Watkins, “Case Studies in US Trade Negotiation: Vol. 1:
Making the
Rules,” Peterson Institute, 2007.
33
“US EU Negotiators Begin to Focus on Common List of
Industry Sectors,” World Trade Online, January 2 2014.
34
Joshua Chaffin and James Politi, “Faultlines emerge on EU-US
trade liberalization pact as talks loom,” The Financial Times,
May 23 2013.
35
Ibid., endnote #3.
For the exclusive use of A. Puri, 2017.
This document is authorized for use only by Anish Puri in
Politics of International Economic Rlations taught by Prof.
Copeland, Bryant University from September 2017 to March
2018.
87. HKS Case Program 20 of 20 Case Number 2045.0
36
Christian Oliver and Shawn Donnan, “Brussels wants finance
rules back in US trade pact,” The Financial Times, January 27,
2014.
37
“SPS Highlighted in First TTIP Round, But Few Signs of
Progress Emerge,” World Trade Online, July 18, 2013.
38
Ibid., footnote #6.
39
James Fonatella Khan, “Data protection ruled out of EU-US
trade talks,” The Financial Times, November 4, 2013.
40
“EU Court of Justice Case Could Subject ‘Safe Harbor’ To
Greater Scrutiny,” World Trade Online, January 8, 2015.
41
Ibid., endnote #38.
42
Ibid., endnote #6.
43
UNCTAD, 2012 World Investment Report.
44
88. “Froman Says ISDS Needed in TTIP to Set Standard for Other
Agreements,” World Trade Online, May 8, 2014.
45
“Support in Principle for US-EU Trade Pact,” Pew Research
Center Global Attitudes and Trends, April 9, 2014.
For the exclusive use of A. Puri, 2017.
This document is authorized for use only by Anish Puri in
Politics of International Economic Rlations taught by Prof.
Copeland, Bryant University from September 2017 to March
2018.