This document provides an overview of a course on conflict in the Horn of Africa. The course will focus on intra-state and inter-state conflicts in the region, as well as factors undermining human security. It will introduce students to conflicts in the Horn of Africa, investigate economic and environmental issues, and motivate students to think about the root causes of recurring conflicts and disasters. Students will complete individual and group assignments as well as a final exam. The document then provides context on the Horn of Africa region by outlining its geography, history of states and colonialism, and ongoing post-independence issues.
Slides of a paper presented at the 17th Biennial Conference of the African Association of Political Science (AAPS), held at the University of Pretoria, South Africa (12-14 October 2023).
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO POLITCS OF FRANCOPHONE AFRICATANKO AHMED fwc
Modern African political structures and processes were greatly influenced by the continent’s colonial past.
The two major colonial powers in Africa were Britain and France.
The French are known for stringent policies of controlling their colonies and subjects.
Slides of a paper presented at the 17th Biennial Conference of the African Association of Political Science (AAPS), held at the University of Pretoria, South Africa (12-14 October 2023).
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO POLITCS OF FRANCOPHONE AFRICATANKO AHMED fwc
Modern African political structures and processes were greatly influenced by the continent’s colonial past.
The two major colonial powers in Africa were Britain and France.
The French are known for stringent policies of controlling their colonies and subjects.
The word Geography first appeared in history during the time of the glorious Greek civilization.• It was coined ( created) by the famous Greek philosopher called Eratosthenes(276-194 BC).
Geography is the scientific study of the Earth that describes and analyses spatial and temporal variations of physical, biological and human phenomena, and their interrelationships and dynamism over the surface of the Earth.
Decolonization -powerpoint over yap yap yapkushalgaddam80
Pie is a beloved and versatile dish, deeply embedded in culinary traditions around the world, celebrated for its delightful variety, rich history, and the way it bridges the gap between the simplicity of comfort food and the complexity of gourmet cuisine. At its core, a pie consists of a crust and a filling, but this basic structure belves into an array of flavors, textures, and ingredients that make each pie a unique creation.
The crust, often made from a simple blend of flour, fat, and water, lays the foundation of the pie. It can range from flaky and tender to crumbly and short, depending on the type of fat used (butter, lard, or oil) and the method of preparation. The artistry of pie-making is evident in the crust, where the goal is to achieve a balance between strength and delicacy, ensuring it can hold the filling while providing a satisfying contrast in texture.
The filling is where the pie truly comes to life, offering endless possibilities for creativity and flavor. Sweet pies may feature fruits like apples, cherries, or berries, often mixed with sugar and spices like cinnamon and nutmeg to enhance their taste. Custard pies, such as pumpkin or key lime, combine eggs, sugar, and milk or cream for a smooth, rich filling. Savory pies, on the other hand, might contain meats, vegetables, cheeses, and herbs, presenting a hearty meal encased in a tender crust.
The history of pie can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where early versions were more about function than flavor, often using the crust simply as a vessel for cooking and preserving the filling. Over time, pies evolved, especially in Europe, where they became a staple of the diet. The British, in particular, have a long-standing tradition of pie-making, with iconic dishes like the meaty steak and kidney pie, and the festive mince pie.
In America, pie took on a life of its own, becoming a symbol of home and hearth. The classic apple pie, with its spiced apple filling and lattice crust, is often considered a quintessential American dish, reflecting the nation's love for this simple yet satisfying dessert. Thanksgiving wouldn't be complete without the pumpkin pie, and summer picnics often feature the bright, bursting flavors of berry pies.
The technique of making pie also varies widely, with some traditions favoring ornate lattice tops or decorative crust edges, while others prefer a more rustic, straightforward approach. Techniques like blind baking, where the crust is partially cooked before adding the filling, ensure that the bottom crust is fully cooked, avoiding the dreaded soggy bottom. Meanwhile, the choice of thickening agents for the filling, such as flour, cornstarch, or tapioca, can greatly influence the texture and stability of the pie.
Pies also hold a significant place in cultural traditions and celebrations. From the comforting chicken pot pie to the elegant French quiche, pies are a staple in both casual and fine dining. Seasonal ingredients often dictate the p
Multilingual SEO Services | Multilingual Keyword Research | Filosemadisonsmith478075
Multilingual SEO services are essential for businesses aiming to expand their global presence. They involve optimizing a website for search engines in multiple languages, enhancing visibility, and reaching diverse audiences. Filose offers comprehensive multilingual SEO services designed to help businesses optimize their websites for search engines in various languages, enhancing their global reach and market presence. These services ensure that your content is not only translated but also culturally and contextually adapted to resonate with local audiences.
Visit us at -https://www.filose.com/
Unlock TikTok Success with Sociocosmos..SocioCosmos
Discover how Sociocosmos can boost your TikTok presence with real followers and engagement. Achieve your social media goals today!
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/tiktok/
The word Geography first appeared in history during the time of the glorious Greek civilization.• It was coined ( created) by the famous Greek philosopher called Eratosthenes(276-194 BC).
Geography is the scientific study of the Earth that describes and analyses spatial and temporal variations of physical, biological and human phenomena, and their interrelationships and dynamism over the surface of the Earth.
Decolonization -powerpoint over yap yap yapkushalgaddam80
Pie is a beloved and versatile dish, deeply embedded in culinary traditions around the world, celebrated for its delightful variety, rich history, and the way it bridges the gap between the simplicity of comfort food and the complexity of gourmet cuisine. At its core, a pie consists of a crust and a filling, but this basic structure belves into an array of flavors, textures, and ingredients that make each pie a unique creation.
The crust, often made from a simple blend of flour, fat, and water, lays the foundation of the pie. It can range from flaky and tender to crumbly and short, depending on the type of fat used (butter, lard, or oil) and the method of preparation. The artistry of pie-making is evident in the crust, where the goal is to achieve a balance between strength and delicacy, ensuring it can hold the filling while providing a satisfying contrast in texture.
The filling is where the pie truly comes to life, offering endless possibilities for creativity and flavor. Sweet pies may feature fruits like apples, cherries, or berries, often mixed with sugar and spices like cinnamon and nutmeg to enhance their taste. Custard pies, such as pumpkin or key lime, combine eggs, sugar, and milk or cream for a smooth, rich filling. Savory pies, on the other hand, might contain meats, vegetables, cheeses, and herbs, presenting a hearty meal encased in a tender crust.
The history of pie can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where early versions were more about function than flavor, often using the crust simply as a vessel for cooking and preserving the filling. Over time, pies evolved, especially in Europe, where they became a staple of the diet. The British, in particular, have a long-standing tradition of pie-making, with iconic dishes like the meaty steak and kidney pie, and the festive mince pie.
In America, pie took on a life of its own, becoming a symbol of home and hearth. The classic apple pie, with its spiced apple filling and lattice crust, is often considered a quintessential American dish, reflecting the nation's love for this simple yet satisfying dessert. Thanksgiving wouldn't be complete without the pumpkin pie, and summer picnics often feature the bright, bursting flavors of berry pies.
The technique of making pie also varies widely, with some traditions favoring ornate lattice tops or decorative crust edges, while others prefer a more rustic, straightforward approach. Techniques like blind baking, where the crust is partially cooked before adding the filling, ensure that the bottom crust is fully cooked, avoiding the dreaded soggy bottom. Meanwhile, the choice of thickening agents for the filling, such as flour, cornstarch, or tapioca, can greatly influence the texture and stability of the pie.
Pies also hold a significant place in cultural traditions and celebrations. From the comforting chicken pot pie to the elegant French quiche, pies are a staple in both casual and fine dining. Seasonal ingredients often dictate the p
Multilingual SEO Services | Multilingual Keyword Research | Filosemadisonsmith478075
Multilingual SEO services are essential for businesses aiming to expand their global presence. They involve optimizing a website for search engines in multiple languages, enhancing visibility, and reaching diverse audiences. Filose offers comprehensive multilingual SEO services designed to help businesses optimize their websites for search engines in various languages, enhancing their global reach and market presence. These services ensure that your content is not only translated but also culturally and contextually adapted to resonate with local audiences.
Visit us at -https://www.filose.com/
Unlock TikTok Success with Sociocosmos..SocioCosmos
Discover how Sociocosmos can boost your TikTok presence with real followers and engagement. Achieve your social media goals today!
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/tiktok/
Grow Your Reddit Community Fast.........SocioCosmos
Sociocosmos helps you gain Reddit followers quickly and easily. Build your community and expand your influence.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/reddit/
Improving Workplace Safety Performance in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Safety ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the Malaysian context, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience a significant
burden of workplace accidents. A consensus among scholars attributes a substantial portion of these incidents to
human factors, particularly unsafe behaviors. This study, conducted in Malaysia's northern region, specifically
targeted Safety and Health/Human Resource professionals within the manufacturing sector of SMEs. We
gathered a robust dataset comprising 107 responses through a meticulously designed self-administered
questionnaire. Employing advanced partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques
with SmartPLS 3.2.9, we rigorously analyzed the data to scrutinize the intricate relationship between safety
behavior and safety performance. The research findings unequivocally underscore the palpable and
consequential impact of safety behavior variables, namely safety compliance and safety participation, on
improving safety performance indicators such as accidents, injuries, and property damages. These results
strongly validate research hypotheses. Consequently, this study highlights the pivotal significance of cultivating
safety behavior among employees, particularly in resource-constrained SME settings, as an essential step toward
enhancing workplace safety performance.
KEYWORDS :Safety compliance, safety participation, safety performance, SME
Surat Digital Marketing School is created to offer a complete course that is specifically designed as per the current industry trends. Years of experience has helped us identify and understand the graduate-employee skills gap in the industry. At our school, we keep up with the pace of the industry and impart a holistic education that encompasses all the latest concepts of the Digital world so that our graduates can effortlessly integrate into the assigned roles.
This is the place where you become a Digital Marketing Expert.
“To be integrated is to feel secure, to feel connected.” The views and experi...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Although a significant amount of literature exists on Morocco's migration policies and their
successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
.
KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
The Evolution of SEO: Insights from a Leading Digital Marketing AgencyDigital Marketing Lab
Explore the latest trends in Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and discover how modern practices are transforming business visibility. This document delves into the shift from keyword optimization to user intent, highlighting key trends such as voice search optimization, artificial intelligence, mobile-first indexing, and the importance of E-A-T principles. Enhance your online presence with expert insights from Digital Marketing Lab, your partner in maximizing SEO performance.
Buy Pinterest Followers, Reactions & Repins Go Viral on Pinterest with Socio...SocioCosmos
Get more Pinterest followers, reactions, and repins with Sociocosmos, the leading platform to buy all kinds of Pinterest presence. Boost your profile and reach a wider audience.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/pinterest/
Your Path to YouTube Stardom Starts HereSocioCosmos
Skyrocket your YouTube presence with Sociocosmos' proven methods. Gain real engagement and build a loyal audience. Join us now.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/youtube/
Enhance your social media strategy with the best digital marketing agency in Kolkata. This PPT covers 7 essential tips for effective social media marketing, offering practical advice and actionable insights to help you boost engagement, reach your target audience, and grow your online presence.
2. Focus of the course
Two important focus areas:
• Intra-state and inter-state conflicts in the Horn of
Africa
• Factors that undermine human security in the
region
3. Objectives of the Course
• Introduce students with intra and interstate
conflict in the region
• Investigate the economic and environmental
factors that undermine human security in the
region
• Motivate students to think and rethink about
the very factors that keep the horn of Africa in
a constant state of disaster and conflict.
4. Requirements of the Course
• One individual paper
• One group country study and presentation
• Final exam
5. I. Introduction: Land and the People
of the Horn of Africa
• Horn of Africa as a region
6.
7.
8. • What are the marks that identify a
subsystem as a region?
• Mohammed Ayoob (1996: 59), identifies
the following attributes,
• Geographic proximity,
• Regularity and intensity of interaction
between actors
9. • Internal and external recognition of a
group of states as a distinctive area’ -
consisting of two or more countries.
• Countries in the horn of Africa
10. Delineating the Horn of Africa
• What does the horn of Africa stand for?
• Which of the countries’ in the north east
Africa are part of the horn of Africa?
• Why is it called the horn of Africa?
11. • There is no agreement on what exactly
what it is
• HOA is not an indigenous term.
• Springs from a glance at the map rather
than any perception of the inhabitants of
NEA.
12. Conceptualization of the HOA
There are three ways of conceptualization.
1. The core Horn
2. Extended horn
3. Greater horn of Africa
13. 1. The core Horn
• According to Herui (2007: 77), the term
‘Horn of Africa’ was first used to denote
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti.
• These countries are refereed as core horn
states
14.
15. 2. Extended Horn
• Other authors include Sudan, South
Sudan, and Yemen, as part of the horn of
Africa.
• The influence of other countries such as
Egypt and Libya.
16.
17. 3. Greater Horn of Africa
• This conceptualization include all Member
states of the regional organization, IGAD
including Kenya and Uganda.
• Member states of IGAD, namely, Ethiopia,
Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Sudan, South
Sudan, Kenya and Uganda.
18.
19. The HoA for this Course
• The horn of Africa is understood as a
geopolitical region consisting of Ethiopia,
Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Sudan, and
South Sudan.
• Other countries Yemen, Egypt and Libya
are also involved in the region
• Kenya
20. Geography of the Horn of Africa
• Bounded by the red sea in the east
• Indian ocean in the south east
• Egypt in the north
21. Geography
• Nile Valley
• Highlands, Ethiopian highlands
• Plains in Somalia and Sudan, rain-watered
and non watered – encouraged
pastoralism
• Much of the areas of the horn of Africa is
inhospitable (Markakis)
• Mobility and Migration as a way of life
22.
23. According to Peter Woodward(2003),
• The Nile
• The red sea
• The gulf Aden has exposed the region to
external influence
24. The people of the horn of Africa
Economic mode of production
• agriculturalist
• Pastoralists
Religion
Christians
Muslims
Animists/ traditional religion
25.
26. Pre-colonial and colonial history
There were pre-colonial states in the region
The rise and fall of states was a key feature
of the region
• Menroe
• Axum
• Nubia
• Kush
27. The Imperial Era
• Three colonial powers
A. Italy
B. Britain and
C. France
28. • Italy was the first to arrive in 1869, took
Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia
• Britain took Somaliland (1887) and Sudan
• France, French Somaliland (1885)
• Ethiopia also participated in the carving of
territories
• IMPACT OF THE COLONIAL Legacy
Division(Markakis)
29. Post-colonial History
• As a result of Second World War, Italy lost
all of Its colonial possession in eastern
Africa.
• Sovereignty was restored to the Ethiopian
crown in 1941
• Eritrea become a British protectorate for
10 years
• Somalia become an Italian trusteeship for
10 years
30. • Sudan become independent in 1956 from
Britain
• Somalia become independent in 1960
• Djibouti became independent in 1977.
31. The post-independence period
The region has passed through the following
developments,
• Neo-colonialism
• Political repression and dictatorship
• Cold war rivalry
• Interstate and intrastate wars
• Drought and famine of biblical proportions