The document discusses the evolution of biographies (sira) about the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It describes 3 ages: 1) The earliest focused on inspiring devotion rather than strict chronology. 2) A canonizing age emphasized proofs of prophecy and moral exemplarity. 3) A polemical age where lives were used for modern apologetics or criticism, responding to figures like Carlyle and Muir. The earliest prioritized transmitting traditions, while modern works strive for factual accuracy but may lose normative focus. All balances of reliability and meaning reflect limits in using facts alone to understand religious lives.
Muhammad: All That Matters, by bestselling expert
on Islam Ziauddin Sardar, seeks to look beyond
Muhammad the prophet, to find Muhammad the man.
By returning to the original sources, and incorporating
new research on pre-lslamic Mecca, Sardar is able to
focus on Muhammad's character, his values, and on
events in his life which up until now have largely beer
ignored.
The Muhammad you will meet in this book is an
individual motivated by a sense of justice and equality,
and by a passion to help the marginalized. This is a
Muhammad who is engaged in a struggle to establish
the good society against all odds.
This accessible and concise book will appeal to
both students and general readers, of any religious
persuasion or none. It is a fascinating introduction to
Muhammad, rediscovering the unique attributes which
have contributed to his monumental impact on history.
Ziauddin Sardar is a prominent Muslim writer and scholar who has authored over 50 books on Islam and contemporary issues. This document provides background on Sardar and an overview of the sources available for understanding the life of Muhammad. It notes that Muhammad lived in the full light of history, with multiple sources of information including the Quran, hadith literature, early biographies written by companions, historical works, and poetry from the time period. While these sources were compiled after Muhammad's death, Muslim scholars developed rigorous standards to evaluate authenticity and reliability. The document examines the different phases of compiling source material over the centuries.
Islam is not the name of some unique religion presented for the first time by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) who should, on that account be called the founder of Islam.
The Qur'an states that Islam - the complete submission of man before his one and only Unique Creator - is the one and only faith and way of life consistently revealed by God to humankind from the very beginning. Noah, Solomon, David, Abraham, Moses, Isaac and Jesus - prophets who appeared at different times and places - all propagated the same faith and conveyed the same message of Tawheed (Oneness of God), Risaalat (Prophethood) and Aakhirah (the Hereafter). These prophets of God were not founders of different religions to be named after them. They were each reiterating the message and faith of their predecessors.
However, Muhammad (pbuh) was the last Prophet of God. God revived through him the same genuine faith which had been conveyed by all His Prophets. Since there was to be no messenger after Muhammad (pbuh), the Book revealed to him (i.e. the Qur'an) was preserved word for word so that it should be a source of guidance for all times.
"Verily, We have sent down to you (O Muhammad (S)) the Book (this Quran) for mankind in truth. So whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for his own self, and whosoever goes astray, he goes astray only for his (own) loss. And you (O Muhammad (S)) are not a Wakeel (trustee or disposer of affairs, or manager) over them." (The Noble Quran 39:41)
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) mercy for mankindJust Helping
This document provides information about the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It discusses how he transformed barbaric Arab tribes into a powerful, civilized nation through his message of monotheism, morality, equality and peace. It highlights how he established rights for women and slaves centuries before other societies. It also notes how he practiced exemplary forgiveness, uniting all of humanity under the principle of universal brotherhood. The document aims to correct misconceptions about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and convey his true message of mercy, justice and compassion for all mankind.
This document discusses the life and teachings of Muhammad through the perspectives of various historians, writers and scholars. In 3 sentences:
Muhammad is praised for revolutionizing societies and establishing moral and just systems through his teachings of monotheism and submission to God alone, which led to the rapid spread of Islam across many lands. Many non-Muslim scholars acknowledge Muhammad's remarkable achievements and influence through peaceful means alone. Eyewitness accounts and historical records validate Muhammad as an honest and upright man who united formerly warring tribes in Arabia and established a powerful nation through his message in just 23 years.
This document discusses the life and accomplishments of Muhammad through quotes from various prominent historical figures. It highlights how Muhammad transformed societies and established a powerful religion and state within a short period through peaceful means. Many scholars and statesmen expressed admiration for Muhammad's teachings and acknowledged him as one of the greatest leaders in history due to his revolutionary impact.
Letters from our prophet (saas) (pbuh). Communicating Islam. englishHarunyahyaEnglish
Our Prophet Muhammad (saas) effectively communicated Islam through letters sent to various rulers. One letter was sent to Mukavkis, the governor of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam for security, peace and reward from Allah. In response, Mukavkis sent gifts and many Egyptians converted to Islam. Another letter was sent to the Byzantine Emperor Heraklius, inviting him to accept the shared beliefs of monotheism found in Islam and Christianity. Heraklius was impressed by the virtues and increasing following of the Prophet. A third letter was sent to the Negus of Abyssinia, who protected Muslim refugees and expressed admiration for the Prophet.
Why one should accept the quran as divine bookmshamimbit
The document discusses reasons for accepting the Quran as a divine book rather than a human creation. It examines this question through both external and internal factors. Externally, it eliminates possible authors through logical arguments. Muhammad was illiterate, and it is implausible that Jews, Christians or other Arabs helped given the culture and lack of sources. Internally, the Quran's poetic style, scientific accuracy and prophecies suggest it was beyond what Muhammad could have produced alone. The document aims to rationally prove the Quran's divine origin.
Muhammad: All That Matters, by bestselling expert
on Islam Ziauddin Sardar, seeks to look beyond
Muhammad the prophet, to find Muhammad the man.
By returning to the original sources, and incorporating
new research on pre-lslamic Mecca, Sardar is able to
focus on Muhammad's character, his values, and on
events in his life which up until now have largely beer
ignored.
The Muhammad you will meet in this book is an
individual motivated by a sense of justice and equality,
and by a passion to help the marginalized. This is a
Muhammad who is engaged in a struggle to establish
the good society against all odds.
This accessible and concise book will appeal to
both students and general readers, of any religious
persuasion or none. It is a fascinating introduction to
Muhammad, rediscovering the unique attributes which
have contributed to his monumental impact on history.
Ziauddin Sardar is a prominent Muslim writer and scholar who has authored over 50 books on Islam and contemporary issues. This document provides background on Sardar and an overview of the sources available for understanding the life of Muhammad. It notes that Muhammad lived in the full light of history, with multiple sources of information including the Quran, hadith literature, early biographies written by companions, historical works, and poetry from the time period. While these sources were compiled after Muhammad's death, Muslim scholars developed rigorous standards to evaluate authenticity and reliability. The document examines the different phases of compiling source material over the centuries.
Islam is not the name of some unique religion presented for the first time by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) who should, on that account be called the founder of Islam.
The Qur'an states that Islam - the complete submission of man before his one and only Unique Creator - is the one and only faith and way of life consistently revealed by God to humankind from the very beginning. Noah, Solomon, David, Abraham, Moses, Isaac and Jesus - prophets who appeared at different times and places - all propagated the same faith and conveyed the same message of Tawheed (Oneness of God), Risaalat (Prophethood) and Aakhirah (the Hereafter). These prophets of God were not founders of different religions to be named after them. They were each reiterating the message and faith of their predecessors.
However, Muhammad (pbuh) was the last Prophet of God. God revived through him the same genuine faith which had been conveyed by all His Prophets. Since there was to be no messenger after Muhammad (pbuh), the Book revealed to him (i.e. the Qur'an) was preserved word for word so that it should be a source of guidance for all times.
"Verily, We have sent down to you (O Muhammad (S)) the Book (this Quran) for mankind in truth. So whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for his own self, and whosoever goes astray, he goes astray only for his (own) loss. And you (O Muhammad (S)) are not a Wakeel (trustee or disposer of affairs, or manager) over them." (The Noble Quran 39:41)
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) mercy for mankindJust Helping
This document provides information about the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It discusses how he transformed barbaric Arab tribes into a powerful, civilized nation through his message of monotheism, morality, equality and peace. It highlights how he established rights for women and slaves centuries before other societies. It also notes how he practiced exemplary forgiveness, uniting all of humanity under the principle of universal brotherhood. The document aims to correct misconceptions about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and convey his true message of mercy, justice and compassion for all mankind.
This document discusses the life and teachings of Muhammad through the perspectives of various historians, writers and scholars. In 3 sentences:
Muhammad is praised for revolutionizing societies and establishing moral and just systems through his teachings of monotheism and submission to God alone, which led to the rapid spread of Islam across many lands. Many non-Muslim scholars acknowledge Muhammad's remarkable achievements and influence through peaceful means alone. Eyewitness accounts and historical records validate Muhammad as an honest and upright man who united formerly warring tribes in Arabia and established a powerful nation through his message in just 23 years.
This document discusses the life and accomplishments of Muhammad through quotes from various prominent historical figures. It highlights how Muhammad transformed societies and established a powerful religion and state within a short period through peaceful means. Many scholars and statesmen expressed admiration for Muhammad's teachings and acknowledged him as one of the greatest leaders in history due to his revolutionary impact.
Letters from our prophet (saas) (pbuh). Communicating Islam. englishHarunyahyaEnglish
Our Prophet Muhammad (saas) effectively communicated Islam through letters sent to various rulers. One letter was sent to Mukavkis, the governor of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam for security, peace and reward from Allah. In response, Mukavkis sent gifts and many Egyptians converted to Islam. Another letter was sent to the Byzantine Emperor Heraklius, inviting him to accept the shared beliefs of monotheism found in Islam and Christianity. Heraklius was impressed by the virtues and increasing following of the Prophet. A third letter was sent to the Negus of Abyssinia, who protected Muslim refugees and expressed admiration for the Prophet.
Why one should accept the quran as divine bookmshamimbit
The document discusses reasons for accepting the Quran as a divine book rather than a human creation. It examines this question through both external and internal factors. Externally, it eliminates possible authors through logical arguments. Muhammad was illiterate, and it is implausible that Jews, Christians or other Arabs helped given the culture and lack of sources. Internally, the Quran's poetic style, scientific accuracy and prophecies suggest it was beyond what Muhammad could have produced alone. The document aims to rationally prove the Quran's divine origin.
What They Say About Muhammad Salla Allahu Alaihi Wa SallamF El Mohdar
Muhammad is described as an extraordinary man who:
1) Founded one of the world's major religions and built empires that spread from Arabia to large parts of the inhabited world at the time, influencing millions with his teachings.
2) Despite being illiterate, he recited revelations that were profoundly eloquent and persuasive, with a spiritual and intellectual impact that has endured for over twelve centuries.
3) He established a religion marked by a firm belief in the oneness of God and rejection of idolatry, which attracted followers through both the power of its message and the virtue and reasonableness of its founder.
MUHAMMAD - THE LAST MESSENGER OF GOD - GREATEST MAN IN HISTORYDRAMIRFARIDISAHAK
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) claimed to be the Last Messenger of GOD, to teach the only Religion (ISLAM) approved by GOD. This presentation shows that in his character, teachings and achievements indeed proved that his claim was valid - AS ASSESSED BY UNBIASED NON-MUSLIM SCHOLARS AND HISTORIANS.
This document discusses prophethood in Islam. It covers the following key points:
1) Prophethood began with the first prophet and ended with Muhammad, who is considered the seal of the prophets. Though the Quran only mentions 24 prophets, it is believed that thousands were sent by Allah over time.
2) All prophets conveyed the same core message of monotheism, though laws and scriptures differed for different communities. They set excellent examples and had important works and missions.
3) Muhammad is discussed as the greatest role model and some of his major life events and accomplishments are outlined. Muslims' duties toward the prophet are also mentioned.
4) Key concepts discussed include the univers
This document discusses the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in a very positive light. It summarizes views from various historians and public figures about the Prophet's achievements and legacy. George Bernard Shaw is quoted as praising Islam and the Prophet's message. The document argues that the Prophet was able to transform societies and unite millions in an unprecedented way. It claims that the Prophet's teachings have had more impact and endured longer than any other major figure in history.
Muhammad (peace be upon him), the prophet of mercy 4Teacher
Non-Muslim scholars from various backgrounds have recognized Muhammad's accomplishments and principles. They note his remarkable achievements and influence despite humble beginnings, establishing religions and empires through non-violent means. Many were impressed by his devotion to moral principles, kindness towards the less fortunate, and emphasis on spiritual matters over material things. Scholars acknowledge Muhammad as one of the most influential figures in history.
The document discusses the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), describing him as a messenger of mercy who established equality, kindness, compassion and moral justice. It highlights how he transformed societies and established Islam through peaceful means, noting praise for him from various historians and scholars who recognized his achievements and influence.
This document provides information about the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through quotes and perspectives from various notable figures. In 3 sentences:
Muhammad is described as having accomplished more than any other religious or secular leader, transforming societies and founding governments through both religious and political means. Many historians and writers express admiration for Muhammad and attest to his sincerity, wisdom, moral excellence, and achievements in uniting vast populations under a single faith. The document seeks to convey the magnitude of Muhammad's accomplishments and influence through the perspectives of experts and encourage further investigation into his life and teachings.
George Bernard Shaw and other historians and scholars praised the character and achievements of Muhammad. They described him as an honest and upright man who transformed societies and established a powerful religion and state within two decades. Michael H. Hart ranked Muhammad as the most influential person in history due to his successes on religious and secular levels. LaMartine described Muhammad as a genius due to his great purpose, small means, and astounding results in moving armies, religions, and souls.
This document discusses the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and how he transformed societies. It provides praise and perspectives from both Muslim and non-Muslim historians and scholars about Muhammad's accomplishments and virtues. Specifically, it notes how Muhammad established the religion of Islam, founded a state and nation, introduced moral and social reforms, and completely revolutionized human thought and behavior within his lifetime through peaceful means. The document asserts that Muhammad was the most influential person in all of human history.
1) Multiple historical figures, including George Bernard Shaw and Thomas Carlyle, praised Muhammad as a great man and leader who unified tribes and founded powerful civilizations through moral teachings rather than military force.
2) Muhammad is described as accomplishing more than other influential figures in history by founding a religion, state, nation and moral code that transformed societies and human thought in just 23 years.
3) Multiple analysts and historians expressed admiration for Muhammad's moral character, wisdom and achievements in diverse areas including religion, spirituality, politics, and social reform.
You Should Know This Man ( Salllallahu Alaih Wasallam)rmilanzi01
1) Multiple prominent historical figures from various backgrounds spoke highly of Muhammad and considered him a great leader.
2) They admired how he united the Arabian peninsula through religious and social reforms, establishing law and order from a time of anarchy in just 23 years through peaceful means.
3) Muhammad is seen as the greatest man in history by some due to his achievements and influence in both religious and secular realms through his teachings, which continue to influence billions worldwide today.
1) Multiple historical figures, including George Bernard Shaw and Thomas Carlyle, praised Muhammad as a great man and leader who unified tribes and founded powerful civilizations through moral teachings rather than military force.
2) Muhammad is described as accomplishing more than other influential figures in history by founding a religion, state, nation and moral code that transformed societies and human thought in just 23 years.
3) Multiple analysts and historians express admiration for Muhammad's moral character, teachings of monotheism, and establishment of early principles of democracy, human rights and religious tolerance.
1) Multiple prominent historical figures from various backgrounds spoke highly of Muhammad and considered him a great leader.
2) They admired how he united the Arabian peninsula through religious and social reforms, establishing law and order from a time of anarchy in just 23 years through peaceful means.
3) Muhammad is seen as the greatest man in history by some due to his achievements and influence in both religious and secular realms through establishing a code of moral conduct and just laws.
There is one thing I can share to everyone, no religion will tell you to hurt anyone or do something bad, but if you consider studying Islam, i am sure you will not waste any of your time and you will have total peace
SALAM
1) Multiple historical figures, including George Bernard Shaw and Thomas Carlyle, praised Muhammad as a great man and leader who unified tribes and founded powerful civilizations through moral teachings rather than military force.
2) Muhammad is described as accomplishing more than other influential figures in history by founding a religion, state, nation and moral code that transformed societies and human thought in just 23 years.
3) Multiple analysts and historians have highlighted Muhammad's moral character, wisdom, compassion and devotion to improving people's spiritual and material lives as evidence of his excellence and influence.
This document provides quotes from various prominent historical figures about the prophet Muhammad. It summarizes Muhammad's accomplishments and influence over a short period of 23 years, completely transforming pagan Arabian society. Several quotes highlight how Muhammad was able to successfully preach Islam's message of monotheism and moral excellence, founding both a religion and nation in the process. His teachings are said to possess vitality and an ability to appeal across all ages. The document argues Muhammad achieved more success than any other prophet or religious figure in history.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
What They Say About Muhammad Salla Allahu Alaihi Wa SallamF El Mohdar
Muhammad is described as an extraordinary man who:
1) Founded one of the world's major religions and built empires that spread from Arabia to large parts of the inhabited world at the time, influencing millions with his teachings.
2) Despite being illiterate, he recited revelations that were profoundly eloquent and persuasive, with a spiritual and intellectual impact that has endured for over twelve centuries.
3) He established a religion marked by a firm belief in the oneness of God and rejection of idolatry, which attracted followers through both the power of its message and the virtue and reasonableness of its founder.
MUHAMMAD - THE LAST MESSENGER OF GOD - GREATEST MAN IN HISTORYDRAMIRFARIDISAHAK
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) claimed to be the Last Messenger of GOD, to teach the only Religion (ISLAM) approved by GOD. This presentation shows that in his character, teachings and achievements indeed proved that his claim was valid - AS ASSESSED BY UNBIASED NON-MUSLIM SCHOLARS AND HISTORIANS.
This document discusses prophethood in Islam. It covers the following key points:
1) Prophethood began with the first prophet and ended with Muhammad, who is considered the seal of the prophets. Though the Quran only mentions 24 prophets, it is believed that thousands were sent by Allah over time.
2) All prophets conveyed the same core message of monotheism, though laws and scriptures differed for different communities. They set excellent examples and had important works and missions.
3) Muhammad is discussed as the greatest role model and some of his major life events and accomplishments are outlined. Muslims' duties toward the prophet are also mentioned.
4) Key concepts discussed include the univers
This document discusses the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in a very positive light. It summarizes views from various historians and public figures about the Prophet's achievements and legacy. George Bernard Shaw is quoted as praising Islam and the Prophet's message. The document argues that the Prophet was able to transform societies and unite millions in an unprecedented way. It claims that the Prophet's teachings have had more impact and endured longer than any other major figure in history.
Muhammad (peace be upon him), the prophet of mercy 4Teacher
Non-Muslim scholars from various backgrounds have recognized Muhammad's accomplishments and principles. They note his remarkable achievements and influence despite humble beginnings, establishing religions and empires through non-violent means. Many were impressed by his devotion to moral principles, kindness towards the less fortunate, and emphasis on spiritual matters over material things. Scholars acknowledge Muhammad as one of the most influential figures in history.
The document discusses the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), describing him as a messenger of mercy who established equality, kindness, compassion and moral justice. It highlights how he transformed societies and established Islam through peaceful means, noting praise for him from various historians and scholars who recognized his achievements and influence.
This document provides information about the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through quotes and perspectives from various notable figures. In 3 sentences:
Muhammad is described as having accomplished more than any other religious or secular leader, transforming societies and founding governments through both religious and political means. Many historians and writers express admiration for Muhammad and attest to his sincerity, wisdom, moral excellence, and achievements in uniting vast populations under a single faith. The document seeks to convey the magnitude of Muhammad's accomplishments and influence through the perspectives of experts and encourage further investigation into his life and teachings.
George Bernard Shaw and other historians and scholars praised the character and achievements of Muhammad. They described him as an honest and upright man who transformed societies and established a powerful religion and state within two decades. Michael H. Hart ranked Muhammad as the most influential person in history due to his successes on religious and secular levels. LaMartine described Muhammad as a genius due to his great purpose, small means, and astounding results in moving armies, religions, and souls.
This document discusses the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and how he transformed societies. It provides praise and perspectives from both Muslim and non-Muslim historians and scholars about Muhammad's accomplishments and virtues. Specifically, it notes how Muhammad established the religion of Islam, founded a state and nation, introduced moral and social reforms, and completely revolutionized human thought and behavior within his lifetime through peaceful means. The document asserts that Muhammad was the most influential person in all of human history.
1) Multiple historical figures, including George Bernard Shaw and Thomas Carlyle, praised Muhammad as a great man and leader who unified tribes and founded powerful civilizations through moral teachings rather than military force.
2) Muhammad is described as accomplishing more than other influential figures in history by founding a religion, state, nation and moral code that transformed societies and human thought in just 23 years.
3) Multiple analysts and historians expressed admiration for Muhammad's moral character, wisdom and achievements in diverse areas including religion, spirituality, politics, and social reform.
You Should Know This Man ( Salllallahu Alaih Wasallam)rmilanzi01
1) Multiple prominent historical figures from various backgrounds spoke highly of Muhammad and considered him a great leader.
2) They admired how he united the Arabian peninsula through religious and social reforms, establishing law and order from a time of anarchy in just 23 years through peaceful means.
3) Muhammad is seen as the greatest man in history by some due to his achievements and influence in both religious and secular realms through his teachings, which continue to influence billions worldwide today.
1) Multiple historical figures, including George Bernard Shaw and Thomas Carlyle, praised Muhammad as a great man and leader who unified tribes and founded powerful civilizations through moral teachings rather than military force.
2) Muhammad is described as accomplishing more than other influential figures in history by founding a religion, state, nation and moral code that transformed societies and human thought in just 23 years.
3) Multiple analysts and historians express admiration for Muhammad's moral character, teachings of monotheism, and establishment of early principles of democracy, human rights and religious tolerance.
1) Multiple prominent historical figures from various backgrounds spoke highly of Muhammad and considered him a great leader.
2) They admired how he united the Arabian peninsula through religious and social reforms, establishing law and order from a time of anarchy in just 23 years through peaceful means.
3) Muhammad is seen as the greatest man in history by some due to his achievements and influence in both religious and secular realms through establishing a code of moral conduct and just laws.
There is one thing I can share to everyone, no religion will tell you to hurt anyone or do something bad, but if you consider studying Islam, i am sure you will not waste any of your time and you will have total peace
SALAM
1) Multiple historical figures, including George Bernard Shaw and Thomas Carlyle, praised Muhammad as a great man and leader who unified tribes and founded powerful civilizations through moral teachings rather than military force.
2) Muhammad is described as accomplishing more than other influential figures in history by founding a religion, state, nation and moral code that transformed societies and human thought in just 23 years.
3) Multiple analysts and historians have highlighted Muhammad's moral character, wisdom, compassion and devotion to improving people's spiritual and material lives as evidence of his excellence and influence.
This document provides quotes from various prominent historical figures about the prophet Muhammad. It summarizes Muhammad's accomplishments and influence over a short period of 23 years, completely transforming pagan Arabian society. Several quotes highlight how Muhammad was able to successfully preach Islam's message of monotheism and moral excellence, founding both a religion and nation in the process. His teachings are said to possess vitality and an ability to appeal across all ages. The document argues Muhammad achieved more success than any other prophet or religious figure in history.
Similar to Session 4 The Sira Traditions Slides.pdf (19)
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. Respect for the Prophet (SAW)
◦ al-Miswar and Marwan narrate the account of the treaty of Al-Hudaibiya in which Urwa
came to the Prophet (SAW) to negotiate its terms and when returned to his people and said:
"O people! By Allah, I have been to the kings and to Caesar,
Khosrau and An-Najashi, yet I have never seen any of them
respected by his courtiers as much as Muhammad is respected by
his companions. By Allah, if he spat, the spittle would fall in the
hand of one of them (i.e. Sahaba) who would rub it on his face
and skin; if he ordered them, they would carry out his order
immediately; if he performed ablution, they would struggle to take
the remaining water; and when they spoke, they would lower their
voices and would not look at his face constantly out of respect."
◦
[Bukhari Vol. 3, Book 50, No. 891 / Ahmad Bin Hanbal / Tabarani / Ibn-e-Habban / Bahaqi]
3. A Story
◦ Naratted by Anas bin Balik: Once Prophet Muhammad passed by a group. They had
hunted a doe and it was tied to a column. That doe said some thing to Prophet
Muhammad. Then Prophet Muhammad asked the group "who is the owner of this
dear?". They replied, "we are her owner." Prophet Muhammad then said "free her, she
wants to feed her fawns and after that she will come back to you". People asked "oh
Allah's Prophet, who will take guarantee of her return?" Prophet Muhammad said “I
take her guarantee".
They freed the doe. She went, fed her fawns and came back. When she came back
they tied her again. After some time Prophet Muhammad passed by that group again
and then he asked. Who is the owner of this doe? That group said "we are." Prophet
Muhammad asked. "would you sell this doe to me?" . The group said "oh Allah's Prophet
"it is yours". Then Prophet Muhammad freed that doe.
◦ [various sources including Tabarani and Ibn Kathir]
4. The Earliest Versions
◦The earliest biographies were very different from
modern accounts of the Prophet’s life
◦Modern biographies of the Prophet:
◦Begin from his birth and end with his death
◦Emphasize his orphanhood, marriage, relationships,
revelations, exile, leadership, and eventual victory
over Makkah
◦Tend to be chronological and “factual”
5. ◦However, the earliest biographies of the Prophet, which
can be traced to 60-70 AH were written in the maghāzī
tradition. Why?
◦The earliest surviving works are Ibn Isḥāq’s Sīrat Rasūl Allāh
and Al-Wāqidī’s Kitāb al-Tārīkh wa al-Maghāzī
Title Ibn Isḥaq
Born 85 AH/704 AD
[1]
Medina
Died 150–159 AH/761–770 AD
[1][2]
Baghdad
Title Al-Waqidi
Born ca. 130AH / AD 748 in Madina
Died 207AH / AD 822
6. Early Sīrah: Approaches and Concerns
◦ [The founding fathers‟] conception of history was different from
ours. They believed not only that history should relay the facts or
events of the past but that the duty of the historian was to
transmit what reached him from his predecessors, with minimal
critical interference from the historian himself. Yes, the historian
could and did say that this version of events was more trustworthy
than that, but his duty remained to include, not to exclude, other
versions…In addition, history for the founding fathers had a moral
and educational purpose.
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 62-3)
7. “The Sirah of Primitive Devotion”
◦ Tabari‟s comments on his method:
◦ Let him who examines this book of mine know what I have relied, as
regards everything I mention therein…solely upon what has been
transmitted to me by way of reports…This is because knowledge of the
reports of men of the past and of contemporaneous news of men of
the present do not reach the one who has not witnessed
them…Hence, If I mention in this book a report about some men of the
past which the reader…finds objectionable [or strange] because he
can see no aspect of truth…therein, let him know that this is not to be
attributed to us but to those who transmitted it to us…
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 99)
8. “The Sirah of Primitive Devotion”
◦ The Chronological Order Followed by the Founding Fathers:
◦ Prelude to Muhammad
◦ Birth and Infancy Stories
◦ Youth Prior to the Prophet‟s first marriage
◦ Marriage and beginning of revelations
◦ Preaching in Mecca
◦ Emigration to Medina
◦ Last days and death
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 61)
9.
10. “The Sirah of Primitive Devotion”
◦ While I and my foster brother were out in the countryside,
two men in white robes approached me. They were
carrying a golden bowl filled with snow. They laid me down
on the ground, cut open my chest, removed my heart, cut it
open, removed a black spot therein and threw it away.
They then washed my heart and stomach with snow until
thoroughly cleansed, and restored it to its place
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 69)
11. “Canonizing/Moralizing Sirah”
◦ Herewith begins a chapter in the examination of
Muhammad‟s life during which, among other things,
Sira writers sought to place that life in a wider context of
the history and phenomenon of prophecy
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad)
12. “Canonizing/Moralizing Sirah”
◦ Proofs of Prophecy
◦ His Call to the One God, in which he was at one with all the Prophets
◦ His ascetic, chaste, and truthful manner of life
◦ His miracles, which only true prophets can produce
◦ His foretelling of certain events, which took place in his lifetime
◦ His foretelling of events, which took place after his lifetime
◦ The Book he brought
◦ His triumph over all the nations, which is necessarily and indisputably
a prophetic miracle
◦ Prophets long before his time had prophesied his coming
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 188-9)
13. “Canonizing/Moralizing Sīrah”
◦ This work is not composed in order to combat those
who deny his prophecy or question his
miracles…Rather, we have addressed it to the people
of his community who have answered his call and
believe in his prophecy, in order to fortify their love for
him and act as a model for their actions
◦ (Qazi „Iyad in Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 210)
14. “Canonizing/Moralizing Sīrah”
◦The Miraculous Prophet, the moral paragon, the
supreme object of love: these three images of
Muhammad…co-exist in al-Qadi‟s construction
of the “Chosen One.”
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 213)
15. “Canonizing/Moralizing Sirah”
◦ In him God joined a virtuous manner of life to perfect
governance, he being an illiterate person who could
neither read nor write, who was born and bred in a land
of ignorance…God raised him surrounded by affection,
an orphan with no mother or father, and taught him all
the excellences of virtue and of praiseworthy
conduct…God grant that we may obey his commands
and emulate him in all his acts
◦ (Ibn Hazm in Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 215)
16. “The Polemical Sirah”
◦In the third age [the Prophet‟s] life became
embedded in polemic and made to pass
the tests of modern science and logic or
else to serve ideological ends
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 301)
17. “The Polemical Sirah”
◦Thomas Carlyle (1840)
◦Romantic account of the Prophet
◦William Muir (1861)
◦Missionary account of the Prophet
18. “The Polemical Sirah”
◦Thomas Carlyle
◦ Carlyle…linked ideas of genius with notions of
greatness. Muhammad‟s unspoiled natural genius
allows him to do things that will affect the
world…Muslim authors appropriated his praise for
apologetic purposes.
◦ (Kecia Ali, The Lives of Muhammad, 48)
19. “The Polemical Sirah”
◦William Muir
◦ The evangelizing intent behind Muir‟s Life was no secret.
Muir tells how the Reverend Karl Pfander, stymied in his
efforts to convert Muslims, implored him to write a
biography suitable for evangelism
◦ (Kecia Ali, The Lives of Muhammad, 50)
20. “The Polemical Sirah”
◦ Muir‟s Life has a distinct moral and judgmental voice,
no less intense than Carlyle‟s fervor. [Whereas Carlyle
romanticizes Muhammad,] Muir‟s is the stern voice of
the Victorian missionary. Where Carlyle was soothing,
Muir‟s lengthy bill of indictment was a stark challenge to
Muhammad‟s followers, thus setting the agenda for
most modern Muslim Siras.
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 251)
21. “The Polemical Sirah”
◦ The Portrayals of Islam in Muir‟s Biography:
◦ Violent
◦ Intolerant
◦ Inconsistent
◦ Inauthentic
◦ Archaic
22. “The Polemical Sirah”
◦ Syed Ameer Ali (d. 1928)
◦ The Spirit of Islam
◦ The Prophet as “Teacher of Mankind”
◦ Ameer Ali argues that Muhammad‟s (PBUH) mission can be proven to be
more rational and pragmatic, thus more progressive, than that of all other
prophets.
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 255)
23. The Three Ages of Sirah writing
◦ In the first age [of Primitive Devotion, the Prophet‟s life] was largely
represented as a monument to inspire the community and a record to put
alongside the records of other prophets
◦ In the second age, [the Prophet‟s life] was shorn of its loose ends, ironed out,
compared favorably to the lives of other prophets and made explicitly
relevant to the community‟s needs, social, legal, and otherwise
◦ In the third age his life became embedded in polemic and made to pass the
tests of modern science and logic or else to serve ideological ends.
◦ (Khalidi, Images of Muhammad, 300-1)
24. Modern Versions
◦ As Numānī’s case for writing his sīra shows, modern versions of the
Prophet’s life arose as a direct response to polemical attacks on
Prophet during the colonial era
◦ Traditional biographies of the Prophet were normative, not
descriptive, while the modern historical ideal is disengaged
description
◦ While Muslim scholars developed complexes sciences for determining the
reliability of sources, the heightened concern for historical accuracy is a
modern phenomenon
◦ Why was this less of a problem for pre-modern Muslims?
25. The Limitations of Factuality
◦ All of the Prophet’s biographies try to balance the concern with
reliability and normativity
◦ How far can cold facts take us in our existential (spiritual)
concerns?
◦ The complexity of facts leave many things open to
interpretation– this is true for the Prophet’s life as it is true for the
text of the Qur’an