This document discusses challenges in evaluating student learning in public schools in Brazil. It begins with an introduction and discusses how student learning evaluation is ensured in educational legislation. It then discusses the Brazilian public school system and difficulties understanding the relationship between teaching and learning. Later sections discuss theoretical approaches to student learning evaluation, planning, evaluation, teaching and learning, and methodological aspects of field research conducted with teachers.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
4. A escola
brasileira
A pública, tem
enfrentado
dificuldades para
entender a
relação entre o que se
ensina e o que se
aprende e
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide dust
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
Collage Reading
Avaliação da aprendizagem: enfoques
teóricos
6. Aspectos metodológicos da pesquisa de
campo
● Trata-se de uma pesquisa com enfoque qualitativo, quanto
aos seus objetivos, descritiva que traz além dos aspectos
teóricos, uma breve discussão acerca de uma pesquisa de
campo com o objetivo de ampliar conceitos e
possibilidades de se compreender a avaliação da
aprendizagem como um processo dinâmico e como parte
indissociável do ensino.
● Onde a pesquisa foi realizada, Combinado e Aurora - TO.
● Sete professores responderam ao questionário.
7. Aspectos metodológicos da pesquisa de
campo
● Professores, sexo, formação;
● Concursados ou contratados;
● 4 - Ensino Médio e 3 - Ensino Fundamental.
8. Dados da pesquisa
● Questões e respostas considerando os elementos
indicadores das respostas:
● 1. Discordo totalmente, 2. Discordo parcialmente, 3.
Indiferente, 4. concordo parcialmente e 5. Concordo
totalmente.
13. 01
You can describe the
topic of the section here
02
You can describe the
topic of the section here
03
You can describe the
topic of the section here
04
You can describe the
topic of the section here
05
You can describe the
topic of the section here
06
You can describe the
topic of the section here
Table of contents
About Objectives Methodology
Programs Application Requirements
14. This can be the part of the presentation where you
introduce yourself, write your email…
Whoa!
16. Introduction
You can give a brief description of the topic you
want to talk about here. For example, if you want
to talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the
smallest planet in the entire Solar System
17. Do you know what helps you make your point clear?
Lists like this one:
● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!
And the most important thing: the audience won’t
miss the point of your presentation
The slide title goes here!
18. The teacher The instruction
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s hot and has a
poisonous atmosphere
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one
in the Solar System—it’s only a
bit larger than the Moon
Study objectives
20. Contents taught
Language and Literacy Venus has a beautiful name
Mathematics Mercury is a small planet
Science Mars is full of iron oxide dust
Social Studies Saturn is the ringed planet
Health and Physical Education Neptune is far away from us
Arts and Creativity Earth is the planet with life
21. Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Responsibility Psychology Respect
Emotions Order Communication
Alternative skills to be developed
22. Student progress
2019 2020 2021 2022
Venus has a
beautiful name
Mercury is a
small planet
Mars is full of iron
oxide dust
Saturn is the
ringed planet
24. The curriculum
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Jupiter
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Mars
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Despite being red, Mars
is a very cold place
28%
25%
33%
14%
25. Monthly studies plan
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
01 02 03
04 05 06 07 08 09 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
Mercury
Mercury is a
small planet
Mars
Mars is full of
iron oxide dust
27. —Someone Famous
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make
the reader get inspired.”
28. Sports
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
Arts
Languages
Mathematics
Required knowledge for new teachers
30. 9h 55m 23s
Jupiter's rotation period
333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s
386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon
31. Job opportunities
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Neptune is very far
away from Earth
Private school
Public school
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Others
70%
90%
50%
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste
the new one here. For more info, click here
32. Additional skills for an educator
Patience
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold
Creativity
Neptune is very far
away from the Sun
Attention
Venus has extremely
high temperatures
Commitment
Jupiter is the
biggest planet of
them all
Responsibility
Saturn was named
after a Roman god
Empathy
Earth is the third
planet from the Sun
1
2
3
6
5
4
33. Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long
text. Your audience will appreciate it
An image reinforces
the concept
34. Methodology
Venus Neptune Mercury Earth
The skills
Venus has a
beautiful name
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Earth is a planet
that has life
Neptune is far
away from us
Saturn Mars
Saturn was named
after a Roman god
Mars is actually a
very cold planet
35. 40%
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
25%
Neptune is far away
from Earth
35%
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mars Neptune Venus
Percentages in education
36. Let's learn the numbers
1
2
3
Tree
4
One
Four
Two
5
6
7
Eight
8
Five
Six
Seven
37. Reading sheet of the month
Book title Abstract
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one
in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one that
harbors life in the Solar System. This is where we all live on
39. Our locations
Mars is full of
iron oxide dust
Mars
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
Jupiter
Neptune is far
away from us
Neptune
40. Desktop software
You can replace the image on
the screen with your own
work. Just right-click on it and
select “Replace image”
41. You can replace the image on
the screen with your own
work. Just right-click on it and
select “Replace image”
Tablet app
42. Mobile app
You can replace the image on
the screen with your own
work. Just right-click on it and
select “Replace image”
43. Our teachers
Peter Smith
Jenna Jameson
You can speak a bit
about this person here
You can speak a bit
about this person here
44. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, and includes icons by Flaticon and
infographics & images by Freepik
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
youremail@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourwebsite.com
Please keep this slide for attribution
45. Alternative resources
Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits that of
this template:
Vectors
● Flat design back to school background
● Flat back to school background
● Hand drawn back to school background
46. Resources
Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our
other websites:
Vectors
● Hand drawn back to school background
● Hand drawn back to school timetable template
● Hand drawn back to school banners set
Photos
● Virtual classroom and study space
● Young teacher helping her students in class
● Young english teacher doing her lessons online
● Front view man in casual clothes
47. For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
Instructions for use
If you have a free account, in order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide. Please
refer to the next slide to read the instructions for premium users.
As a Free user, you are allowed to:
- Modify this template.
- Use it for both personal and commercial projects.
You are not allowed to:
- Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content).
- Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo.
- Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file.
- Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download.
- Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content.
48. As a Premium user, you can use this template without attributing Slidesgo or keeping the "Thanks" slide.
You are allowed to:
● Modify this template.
● Use it for both personal and commercial purposes.
● Hide or delete the “Thanks” slide and the mention to Slidesgo in the credits.
● Share this template in an editable format with people who are not part of your team.
You are not allowed to:
● Sublicense, sell or rent this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template).
● Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in
any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to
distribution or resale.
● Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this
Template.
● Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an
intellectual property registry or similar.
For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
Instructions for use (premium users)
49. This presentation has been made using the following fonts:
Montserrat
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Montserrat)
#434e7c #5f66da #8c9ef7 #ff57ab
#f08174 #feb84b #ffd2bb #634e43
#ff8fa0
#ffffff
Fonts & colors used
50. Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick
the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost
your presentation. Check out how it works.
Storyset
Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate
51. You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource
and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want.
Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo.
Use our editable graphic resources...
52.
53.
54. JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Task 1
Task 2
Task 1
Task 2
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
PHASE 1
Task 1
Task 2
55.
56.
57. You can resize these icons without losing quality.
You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen.
In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons.
...and our sets of editable icons