The document discusses key concepts in semiotics, the study of signs and symbols. It explains that Ferdinand de Saussure distinguished between the signifier (physical form of the sign) and the signified (meaning represented). Roland Barthes focused on how signs represent cultures through denotation (literal meaning) and connotation (suggested cultural meanings). Stuart Hall theorized that media messages are encoded but audiences decode them based on their own backgrounds, and that meanings are relative rather than fixed.
Speech Codes Theory explores how groups communicate based on societal and cultural factors. It proposes that every culture has distinct speech codes that involve a shared psychology, sociology, and rhetoric. Through ethnographic study, these codes can be discovered and help explain how people within a culture interpret meaning and appropriately communicate. The theory aims to understand the existence, discovery, and influence of speech codes within cultures.
The document provides an overview of several important figures and developments in ancient Greek philosophy and rhetoric. It discusses the Sophists who practiced rhetoric and dialectic in the 5th century BC. It then covers Socrates and his influential Socratic method of questioning beliefs. It describes Plato establishing the Academy and his allegory of the cave, as well as Aristotle who studied under Plato and taught many subjects. The document concludes with discussing Cicero's five canons of rhetoric from ancient Rome.
Relationships between communication and culturexochitlfaro
Communication both inspires and forms the foundation for culture. Worldviews, values, and norms are three key manifestations of culture that help make sense of intercultural interactions. Worldviews are abstract notions about how the world operates, values reflect beliefs about how the world should be, and norms are social rules for appropriate behavior. Communication between groups enables the sharing of behaviors and traits that comprise common cultures.
- Walter Ong studied differences between oral and literate societies and how the shift from oral to literate thinking changes human cognition. He argued literacy is necessary for science, history, and philosophy.
- Oral cultures rely on memory and the spoken word holds power. Knowledge does not accumulate over time in oral societies in the same way it does in literate ones.
- Milman Parry recorded epic folk poems in Yugoslavia in the 1930s that were memorized and recited orally, sometimes changing between tellings. His work showed how oral traditions rely on techniques like formulaic phrases to aid memorization and transmission of knowledge.
The document discusses the long tail theory of digital media. It explains that services like Amazon, Spotify, and Netflix can extend the life of products beyond their initial release through low volume sales over a long period. This allows niche and non-mainstream products to find an audience. Digital media also focuses on user interactions rather than just audience size. The document then provides brief overviews of several media theorists and their perspectives on changes in digital media.
In this presentation we will learn ‘’ Evolution of Communication Theories’’ Before starting this we are discussing about basic communication and communication theories.
Communication: Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another.
Communication theories: Communication theory is a proposed description of communication phenomena, the relationships among them, a storyline describing these relationships, and an argument for these three elements. Communication theory provides a way of talking about and analyzing key events, processes, and commitments that together form communication
The document discusses key concepts in semiotics, the study of signs and symbols. It explains that Ferdinand de Saussure distinguished between the signifier (physical form of the sign) and the signified (meaning represented). Roland Barthes focused on how signs represent cultures through denotation (literal meaning) and connotation (suggested cultural meanings). Stuart Hall theorized that media messages are encoded but audiences decode them based on their own backgrounds, and that meanings are relative rather than fixed.
Speech Codes Theory explores how groups communicate based on societal and cultural factors. It proposes that every culture has distinct speech codes that involve a shared psychology, sociology, and rhetoric. Through ethnographic study, these codes can be discovered and help explain how people within a culture interpret meaning and appropriately communicate. The theory aims to understand the existence, discovery, and influence of speech codes within cultures.
The document provides an overview of several important figures and developments in ancient Greek philosophy and rhetoric. It discusses the Sophists who practiced rhetoric and dialectic in the 5th century BC. It then covers Socrates and his influential Socratic method of questioning beliefs. It describes Plato establishing the Academy and his allegory of the cave, as well as Aristotle who studied under Plato and taught many subjects. The document concludes with discussing Cicero's five canons of rhetoric from ancient Rome.
Relationships between communication and culturexochitlfaro
Communication both inspires and forms the foundation for culture. Worldviews, values, and norms are three key manifestations of culture that help make sense of intercultural interactions. Worldviews are abstract notions about how the world operates, values reflect beliefs about how the world should be, and norms are social rules for appropriate behavior. Communication between groups enables the sharing of behaviors and traits that comprise common cultures.
- Walter Ong studied differences between oral and literate societies and how the shift from oral to literate thinking changes human cognition. He argued literacy is necessary for science, history, and philosophy.
- Oral cultures rely on memory and the spoken word holds power. Knowledge does not accumulate over time in oral societies in the same way it does in literate ones.
- Milman Parry recorded epic folk poems in Yugoslavia in the 1930s that were memorized and recited orally, sometimes changing between tellings. His work showed how oral traditions rely on techniques like formulaic phrases to aid memorization and transmission of knowledge.
The document discusses the long tail theory of digital media. It explains that services like Amazon, Spotify, and Netflix can extend the life of products beyond their initial release through low volume sales over a long period. This allows niche and non-mainstream products to find an audience. Digital media also focuses on user interactions rather than just audience size. The document then provides brief overviews of several media theorists and their perspectives on changes in digital media.
In this presentation we will learn ‘’ Evolution of Communication Theories’’ Before starting this we are discussing about basic communication and communication theories.
Communication: Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another.
Communication theories: Communication theory is a proposed description of communication phenomena, the relationships among them, a storyline describing these relationships, and an argument for these three elements. Communication theory provides a way of talking about and analyzing key events, processes, and commitments that together form communication
O documento resume as principais escolas e hipóteses das teorias da comunicação, incluindo: 1) a teoria hipodérmica que sugere uma conexão direta entre mensagens e comportamento; 2) o modelo de Lasswell que analisa quem diz o quê, por qual canal, a quem e com que efeito; 3) a abordagem empírico-experimental que considera fatores psicológicos que afetam os efeitos das mensagens.
Interlinguistics is the study of planned languages designed for international communication between speakers of different native languages. It emerged in the 17th century from the works of philosophers John Wilkins, René Descartes, and Gottfried Leibniz. In the late 19th century, planned languages like Volapük were created to facilitate global trade and commerce. The Auxiliary Language Movement in 1900 promoted languages like Latino Sine Flexione and Esperanto gained popularity after its first international congress in 1905. Planned languages can be categorized as a priori or a posteriori depending on whether their vocabulary is based on existing languages. Interlinguistics traces its origins to
As teorias de comunicação semiótico informativo, semióticotextual e conclusõeJonatas Chaves
Este documento resume um trabalho acadêmico sobre as teorias da comunicação semiótico-informativa e semiótico-textual de acordo com Mauro Wolf. O trabalho descreve esses dois modelos de comunicação e discute a teoria crítica, a teoria culturológica e os estudos culturais. Ele conclui que as teorias da comunicação mostram como mensagens são transmitidas entre emissores e receptores ao longo do tempo.
David K. Berlo was an American communication theorist who developed the SMCR model of communication and later Media Dependency Theory. He argued that individuals rely more heavily on media as sources of information, which influences their attitudes and behaviors. Berlo's Media Dependency Theory posited that the relationship between media and their audiences is one of dependency, with receivers depending more on media over time for information they need to function in society.
Roland Barthes was a seminal thinker in the field of semiotics, which is the study of signs and sign systems. He viewed signs as having both a literal meaning, known as the signified, as well as an ideological meaning, or connotation, that is influenced by cultural and social contexts. Myths, which are second-order sign systems, take existing signs and imbue them with new ideological meanings that serve to naturalize and perpetuate the status quo. However, not all sign systems uphold dominant values, as some have the power to temporarily subvert mainstream perspectives before potentially being co-opted.
O documento resume as principais escolas e hipóteses das teorias da comunicação, incluindo: 1) a teoria hipodérmica que sugere uma conexão direta entre mensagens e comportamento; 2) o modelo de Lasswell que analisa quem diz o quê, por qual canal, a quem e com que efeito; 3) a abordagem empírico-experimental que considera fatores psicológicos que afetam os efeitos das mensagens.
Interlinguistics is the study of planned languages designed for international communication between speakers of different native languages. It emerged in the 17th century from the works of philosophers John Wilkins, René Descartes, and Gottfried Leibniz. In the late 19th century, planned languages like Volapük were created to facilitate global trade and commerce. The Auxiliary Language Movement in 1900 promoted languages like Latino Sine Flexione and Esperanto gained popularity after its first international congress in 1905. Planned languages can be categorized as a priori or a posteriori depending on whether their vocabulary is based on existing languages. Interlinguistics traces its origins to
As teorias de comunicação semiótico informativo, semióticotextual e conclusõeJonatas Chaves
Este documento resume um trabalho acadêmico sobre as teorias da comunicação semiótico-informativa e semiótico-textual de acordo com Mauro Wolf. O trabalho descreve esses dois modelos de comunicação e discute a teoria crítica, a teoria culturológica e os estudos culturais. Ele conclui que as teorias da comunicação mostram como mensagens são transmitidas entre emissores e receptores ao longo do tempo.
David K. Berlo was an American communication theorist who developed the SMCR model of communication and later Media Dependency Theory. He argued that individuals rely more heavily on media as sources of information, which influences their attitudes and behaviors. Berlo's Media Dependency Theory posited that the relationship between media and their audiences is one of dependency, with receivers depending more on media over time for information they need to function in society.
Roland Barthes was a seminal thinker in the field of semiotics, which is the study of signs and sign systems. He viewed signs as having both a literal meaning, known as the signified, as well as an ideological meaning, or connotation, that is influenced by cultural and social contexts. Myths, which are second-order sign systems, take existing signs and imbue them with new ideological meanings that serve to naturalize and perpetuate the status quo. However, not all sign systems uphold dominant values, as some have the power to temporarily subvert mainstream perspectives before potentially being co-opted.
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1. SEMINAR 5 – THOMAS KUHN.
CONCEPTUL DE PARADIGMĂ ȘI IMPLICAȚIILE SALE
LA NIVELUL COMUNICĂRII INTERCULTURALE
Bianca-Florentina Cheregi,
Dr. în Știintele Comunicării
Adresa de contact:
bianca.cheregi@comunicare.ro
2. BARIERE IN COMUNICAREA INTERPERSONALA
• Neînțelegerile dintre oameni – incompetența lingvistică;
• Comunicarea interindividuală este una interculturală;
• Sussane K. Langer (1948)* – “tehnica” de problematizare a lumii in
care trăim
Semiotică. Teorii ale limbajului
Cultura – serie de modele, imagini-ghid, reprezentări
(Chombart de Lauwe)
*Langer, Sussane K. (1948). Philosophy in a New Key, New York: The New American Library of
World Literature.
3. PARADIGMELE CULTURALE
• Paradigmele disciplinare:
Semiotică. Teorii ale limbajului
“realizări științifice exemplare care, pentru o perioadă,
oferă probleme și solutii model unei comunități de
practicieni”
*Kuhn, Thomas. [1976] (2008). Structura revolutiilor stiintifice, Bucuresti: Humanitas.
Thomas S. Kuhn*
4. • Thomas Kuhn (1962; 1976) – caracteristici ale paradigmelor:
Conțin cunoaștere tacită;
Au caracter colectiv;
Sunt incomensurabile;
Presupoziții incompatibile;
Criterii diferite;
Observații incomensurabile.
Argumente circulare.
Semiotică. Teorii ale limbajului
PARADIGMELE CULTURALE
PARADIGMA CULTURALĂ – constelație de valori, credințe si
metode (inclusiv tehnici de problematizare) împărtășite la un
moment dat de membrii unei comunități.
5. Semiotică. Teorii ale limbajului
PARADIGMELE CULTURALE
• Filtrul cultural instituit de paradigmă:
MESAJUL
ORIGINAR
CUNOASTEREA
TACITĂ
MESAJUL A
MESAJUL B
MESAJUL C
8. • Trăsături ale paradigmei – Edgar Morin (1991):
1. Este nefalsificabilă din punct de vedere empiric;
2. Funcționează după principiul autorității axiomatice, precum și după principiul de
excluziune;
3. Produce evidența;
4. Este invizibila (fiind întotdeauna virtuală, ea există doar prin manifestările sale);
5. Este co-generatoare a sentimentului de realitate;
6. Este invulnerabilă (pe termen scurt și mediu);
7. Este intraductibilă și incomunicabilă pentru alte paradigme;
8. Este recursivă (este legata recursiv de discursurile și sistemele pe care le
generează)
9. Este globală (generează o viziune asupra lumii)
10. Este inatacabilă direct (fiind invizibilă și invulnerabilă, pot fi atacate doar
concepțiile și teoriile pe care le subîntinde, care sunt verbalizate si failibile).
Semiotică. Teorii ale limbajului
PARADIGMELE CULTURALE
9. Trecerea de la o paradigmă la alta se face prin convertire –
caracterul non-rațional al adoptării unei paradigme;
Punte de comunicare: paradigma și-și;
Partizanii unor paradigme diferite vorbesc despre lucruri diferite
chiar atunci cand vorbesc despre același lucru;
Vasile Tonoiu – revolutie paradigmatică;
Conflict paradigmatic – caricaturile lui Mahomed;
Semiotică. Teorii ale limbajului
PARADIGMELE CULTURALE
14. DIE WELLE (2008)
Presupozițiile – fixarea
paradigmei;
Valorile, credințele și
convingerile grupului;
Bariere in comunicare dintre
cele doua paradigme – conflict
paradigmatic?
1
2
3
15. DE CITIT PENTRU SEMINARUL AL 6-LEA
• Ralph Linton - Fundamentul cultural al personalitatii, Editura
Stiintifica, Bucuresti, 1983:
• Capitolul I – Individ, cultura si societate (pp. 45 – 67)
• Capitolul II – Conceptul de cultura (pp. 68 – 91)
• Capitolul IV – Personalitatea (pp. 116 – 151)
• Capitolul V – Rolul culturii in formarea personalitatii
(pp. 152 – 176)
Semiotică. Teorii ale limbajului
http://www.biancacheregi.ro/category/semiotica