India with 300 million people still living below the poverty line needs measures to uplift the status of these people. Financial inclusion and provision of micro credit to poor households has been one of such programmes which gained popularity with many benefits. Financial inclusion is the delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups. Only 49% of the farmer households in rural India are having transactions with banks which suggests the fact that 51% are excluded from financial assistance. Micro Finance programmes have become one of the more promising ways of providing developmental finance to achieve the objectives of poverty eradication. One of the most important models of micro finance models is the development of Self Help Groups to achieve the long cherished objective of rural development and poverty alleviation. Through this paper it is proposed to evaluate the contribution of micro finance programmes especially Self Help Groups to the achievement of inclusive growth. This paper also includes two cases of SHGs working in Hyderabad and Nizamabad of Andhra Pradesh to project the reasons for success/ failure of the groups.
EMERGING TRENDS IN BANKING SECTOR â A COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM FINANCIAL INCLUS...IAEME Publication
Â
Financial inclusion of the entire population is an important vehicle for development in a country The number of financially excluded people in a developing country like India is much higher than many developed countries in spite of the several initiatives taken by the Government of India for the rising middle class in the towns and villages investment in banking products is not a default choice. A preliminary investigation has been carried outin one such district in India pertaining to the banking products. The study is exploratory and analytical in nature. The main objective is to study the present scenario in banking.
This paper has referred to research done over the years and tries to study the trend of average
amount of loan disbursed to SHGs, amount of bank loans outstanding and its associated gross NPA from 2015
to 2020, agent-wise
Perceptions of People from Economically Backward Section towards Financial In...iosrjce
Â
Financial Inclusion aims to provide the financial services to the people from economically backward
section of the society. The objective is to assist them in their economic improvement and achieve the sustainable
growth. In this study, an effort has been made to examine the views of the people from economically backward
sectionregarding the important aspects of financial inclusion. Views of 53 respondents are analyzed. ChiSquare,
nonparametric statistical technique, has been used to examine whether the views of the different
categories of the respondents about the important aspects of financial inclusiondiffer. Based on the views of the
respondents we found that bank employees are encouraging people from economically weaker sections to open
their accounts and people also found these accounts useful. Respondents are also of the view that education
level, income level, age and period of association of the account holder with the bank directly affects the quality
of services rendered. To further enhance the utility of the scheme and ensure its success, there is a need to
provide training to bank staff so that the quality of services rendered is not differentiated between different
categories of customers. Further, whereas this study pertains to the views of the economically weaker section,
there is a need to examine the views of bankers also, so that this scheme can be made more useful.
Indian agriculture sector experiences vicious circle of poverty which decelerate economic growth. Financial exclusion is one of the main reason of it. In India marginals and weaker sections are excluded from main stream of the economy. To achieve sustainable development, all sections of the people need to be come into main stream. This study is an attempt to understand the concept of financial inclusion, financial inclusion in India and micro finance. RBI defines âFinancial Inclusion is the process of ensuring access to appropriate financial products and services needed by all sections of the society in general and vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups in particular at an affordable cost in a fair and transparent manner by mainstream institutional playersâ. The present study also tries to understand how micro finance lending facilitates the acceleration of financial inclusion. Micro finance lending is a strong weapon of financial inclusion. Micro credit provided by banks emerged as a major policy tool of financial assistance in the rural credit, particularly to the poor sections of the society. Micro finance by providing small loans and savings facilities to those who have been excluded from other formal services, acting as a key strategy for reducing poverty and discrimination.
Inclusive development means empowerment of weaker sections, SC/STs and women. In this context âfinancial inclusion â owns its significance.
EMERGING TRENDS IN BANKING SECTOR â A COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM FINANCIAL INCLUS...IAEME Publication
Â
Financial inclusion of the entire population is an important vehicle for development in a country The number of financially excluded people in a developing country like India is much higher than many developed countries in spite of the several initiatives taken by the Government of India for the rising middle class in the towns and villages investment in banking products is not a default choice. A preliminary investigation has been carried outin one such district in India pertaining to the banking products. The study is exploratory and analytical in nature. The main objective is to study the present scenario in banking.
This paper has referred to research done over the years and tries to study the trend of average
amount of loan disbursed to SHGs, amount of bank loans outstanding and its associated gross NPA from 2015
to 2020, agent-wise
Perceptions of People from Economically Backward Section towards Financial In...iosrjce
Â
Financial Inclusion aims to provide the financial services to the people from economically backward
section of the society. The objective is to assist them in their economic improvement and achieve the sustainable
growth. In this study, an effort has been made to examine the views of the people from economically backward
sectionregarding the important aspects of financial inclusion. Views of 53 respondents are analyzed. ChiSquare,
nonparametric statistical technique, has been used to examine whether the views of the different
categories of the respondents about the important aspects of financial inclusiondiffer. Based on the views of the
respondents we found that bank employees are encouraging people from economically weaker sections to open
their accounts and people also found these accounts useful. Respondents are also of the view that education
level, income level, age and period of association of the account holder with the bank directly affects the quality
of services rendered. To further enhance the utility of the scheme and ensure its success, there is a need to
provide training to bank staff so that the quality of services rendered is not differentiated between different
categories of customers. Further, whereas this study pertains to the views of the economically weaker section,
there is a need to examine the views of bankers also, so that this scheme can be made more useful.
Indian agriculture sector experiences vicious circle of poverty which decelerate economic growth. Financial exclusion is one of the main reason of it. In India marginals and weaker sections are excluded from main stream of the economy. To achieve sustainable development, all sections of the people need to be come into main stream. This study is an attempt to understand the concept of financial inclusion, financial inclusion in India and micro finance. RBI defines âFinancial Inclusion is the process of ensuring access to appropriate financial products and services needed by all sections of the society in general and vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups in particular at an affordable cost in a fair and transparent manner by mainstream institutional playersâ. The present study also tries to understand how micro finance lending facilitates the acceleration of financial inclusion. Micro finance lending is a strong weapon of financial inclusion. Micro credit provided by banks emerged as a major policy tool of financial assistance in the rural credit, particularly to the poor sections of the society. Micro finance by providing small loans and savings facilities to those who have been excluded from other formal services, acting as a key strategy for reducing poverty and discrimination.
Inclusive development means empowerment of weaker sections, SC/STs and women. In this context âfinancial inclusion â owns its significance.
Effects of micro- finance institutions' services on sustainability of small e...inventionjournals
Â
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The Relationship between Microfinance Institutions and Group Lending Model in...ijtsrd
Â
Microfinance is a mechanism for the development of the country with especially focusing on poor women in rural areas. Micro Finance has had several successful initiatives, including the range of outreach, as well as the development of innovative products and local institutions that reach out to marginalized communities. Micro finance has been accepted at the national policy level for poverty reduction. The present paper purports to examine the role of JLGs in microfinance in India. The paper is based on mainly primary data. The research design is descriptive. The data for the present study is based on a major research study on microfinance in the state of Uttar Pradesh conducted in 2019 by the researcher. Chi square test is used to know the level of significance. While many studies relate to microfinance, only a few studies have been conducted so far to assess the effect of JLGs. Against this backdrop, the present paper purports to examine the Relationship between microfinance institutions and group lending model in Uttar Pradesh, India. Reshu Goel | Dr. Megha Aggarwal "The Relationship between Microfinance Institutions and Group Lending Model in Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31385.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/31385/the-relationship-between-microfinance-institutions-and-group-lending-model-in-uttar-pradesh-india/reshu-goel
Microfinance for Women Empowerment through SHGs A Reviewijtsrd
Â
In India, the emergence of liberalization and globalization in early 1990âs aggravated the problem of women workers in unorganized sectors from bad to worse as most of the women who were engaged in various self employment activities have lost their livelihood. Despite in substantial contribution of women to both household and national economy, their work is considered just an extension of household domain and remains non monetized. In India, Microfinance scene is dominated by Self Help Group SHGs as an effective mechanism for providing financial services to the âUnreached Poorâ, and also in strengthening their collective self help capacities leading to their empowerment. Rapid progress in SHG formation has now turned into an empowerment movement among women across the country. Micro finance is necessary to overcome exploitation, create confidence for economic self reliance of the rural poor, particularly among rural women. Although no -âmagic bulletâ, they are potentially a very significant contribution to gender equality and womens empowerment. Through their contribution to womenâs ability to earn an income, these programmes have potential to initiate a series of -âvirtuous spiralsâ of economic empowerment, and wider social and political empowerment. The results from these self help groups SHGs are promising and have become a focus of intense examination as it is proving to be an effective method of poverty reduction and economic empowerment. Mainly on the basis of secondary data analysis, this paper attempts to highlight the role of Microfinance and SHGs in the empowerment of women in India. Dr. Rajendra Prasad G R "Microfinance for Women Empowerment through SHGs - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52110.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/general-management/52110/microfinance-for-women-empowerment-through-shgs--a-review/dr-rajendra-prasad-g-r
A Study of the Role of Financial Inclusion in Womens Empowermentijtsrd
Â
inancial inclusion is an important policy measure used by various policymakers around the world to eradicate poverty, unemployment, and promote economic growth. Financial inclusion is defined as the process of providing easy and affordable financial services to the weaker and disadvantaged segments of society, particularly the backward classes, women, and children. Many studies show that financial inclusion plays an important role in promoting womens empowerment. Womens empowerment is a recent priority issue in developing economies, owing to the fact that women hold fewer salaried jobs. Womens empowerment refers to the process by which women can make their own decisions about what is best for them. It is a freedom of choice. Women may benefit from financial inclusion. In recent years, the Government of India has implemented a number of schemes aimed specifically at women, with the goal of providing them with social dignity and earning opportunities. Many schemes aim to financially include women so that they can have control over their finances and have additional assets on their accounts. The current article discusses the role of financial inclusion in womens empowerment and the various schemes implemented by the government to make women financially included. The study is entirely based on secondary data, which was gathered from various articles, journals, government websites, financial inclusion surveys, and other sources. According to the article, financial inclusion benefits womens economic empowerment. Pooja Bahuguna "A Study of the Role of Financial Inclusion in Women's Empowerment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59624.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/financial-economics/59624/a-study-of-the-role-of-financial-inclusion-in-womens-empowerment/pooja-bahuguna
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Financial Inclusion and Micro and Small Enterprises GrowthDr. Amarjeet Singh
Â
The persons or firms linked with the either way of
financial transaction are known as participants of financial
inclusion financially included otherwise financially
excluded. The normal way of flow of money is routed
through banking system, post office, insurance and FBFC
channels. The MSE is financially included with operation of
saving account, current account or loan account with banks;
financial transaction with other government financial
agencies as well as some private sector NBFC. Recent
initiatives of Government of India and Indian Banking
system have accelerated the performance of financial
inclusion through various schemes such as MNREGS,
Jandhan, Atal Pension Yojna, MUDRA and so forth. The
MUDRA scheme, credit scheme for MSE, credit scheme for
KVIC & Coir firm, Kishan credit card, General Credit
Card are exclusive financial inclusion scheme for MSE
credit. Out of total size of MSEs, less than forty percent
units are getting benefits from schedule commercial banks;
as on 2017-18 only Rs. 1337 billion credit facilities given by
the lending institutions. The paper examines the current
status and potential prospect of financial inclusion at given
numbers of units and employment.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Â
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
âFinancial Inclusion in SHG-bank Linkage Model under SGSY with special refere...iosrjce
Â
Financial Inclusion is a very big challenge to banking sector. Till now most of the banking facilities
are not reaching to deprive. Micro financing through SHGs is a vital weapon for poverty eradication. But due to
lack of uniformity it is not complete its target efficiently. In this paper try to focus on the financial inclusion in
SHGs-Bank Linkage Programme under SGSY scheme in Jhansi district. SBLP is the banking link with poors to
uplift their socio-economoc, health, nutrition, insurance, saving, education aspects. It is an attempt to clarify
how much this programme reach to beneficiaries of SHGs.
The present study differs from previous studies as it is focused its basic cause for reduction in quality numbers
of SHGs come out after complete all stages. Further, this paper tries to access the grass root issues relating to
SHGs and the normal course in decrease the number of SHGs at last stage in the study area. The study is
undertaken in four development blocks of jhansi Districts of Uttar Pradesh during 2009-13. It is observed that
due to fast growing of the SHG-bank linkage programme, quality credit linked SHG has not cover all stages of
the programme.. Some of the factors affecting the decline of SHGs are the target oriented approach of the
government in preparing group, inadequate incentive to NGOâs for nurturing their groups etc.
The State of Financial Inclusion â An Overview and AdvancementIJLT EMAS
Â
Financial Inclusion is delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups. The main focus of financial inclusion in India is to promote sustainable development and generating employment in rural areas for the rural population. In India, few households have access to banking services. There are many factors affecting access to financial services by weaker section of society in India. Several steps have been taken by the Reserve Bank of India and the Government to bring the financially excluded people to the fold of the formal banking services. Financial Access Survey for 2016 released by International Monetary Fund (IMF) shows that in India there only 13 commercial bank branches per 1,00,000 individuals. PM Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) was highly successful in opening bank accounts in which more than 97% of the accounts were opened with the public banks, but around 72% of these accounts show 'zero balances'. More than 1 crore bank accounts have been opened under PMJDY. However, despite the opening of such accounts, access has been lower. Access to banking is an important indicator of the level of financial inclusion in the country. India's urban and semi-urban region performs fairly well, however rural region is still underdeveloped in banking. Digital India campaign recently launched schemes like MUDRA, startup India, PMJDY, initiation of new banks like payment banks, PSL certificates trading etc. are in the right direction. With government moving towards DBT for subsidies financial inclusion becomes very critical. Focus should shift to increase coverage, reach of services and ease of availing credit.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Daysâ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
Â
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchiâs standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchiâs orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
Effects of micro- finance institutions' services on sustainability of small e...inventionjournals
Â
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The Relationship between Microfinance Institutions and Group Lending Model in...ijtsrd
Â
Microfinance is a mechanism for the development of the country with especially focusing on poor women in rural areas. Micro Finance has had several successful initiatives, including the range of outreach, as well as the development of innovative products and local institutions that reach out to marginalized communities. Micro finance has been accepted at the national policy level for poverty reduction. The present paper purports to examine the role of JLGs in microfinance in India. The paper is based on mainly primary data. The research design is descriptive. The data for the present study is based on a major research study on microfinance in the state of Uttar Pradesh conducted in 2019 by the researcher. Chi square test is used to know the level of significance. While many studies relate to microfinance, only a few studies have been conducted so far to assess the effect of JLGs. Against this backdrop, the present paper purports to examine the Relationship between microfinance institutions and group lending model in Uttar Pradesh, India. Reshu Goel | Dr. Megha Aggarwal "The Relationship between Microfinance Institutions and Group Lending Model in Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31385.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/31385/the-relationship-between-microfinance-institutions-and-group-lending-model-in-uttar-pradesh-india/reshu-goel
Microfinance for Women Empowerment through SHGs A Reviewijtsrd
Â
In India, the emergence of liberalization and globalization in early 1990âs aggravated the problem of women workers in unorganized sectors from bad to worse as most of the women who were engaged in various self employment activities have lost their livelihood. Despite in substantial contribution of women to both household and national economy, their work is considered just an extension of household domain and remains non monetized. In India, Microfinance scene is dominated by Self Help Group SHGs as an effective mechanism for providing financial services to the âUnreached Poorâ, and also in strengthening their collective self help capacities leading to their empowerment. Rapid progress in SHG formation has now turned into an empowerment movement among women across the country. Micro finance is necessary to overcome exploitation, create confidence for economic self reliance of the rural poor, particularly among rural women. Although no -âmagic bulletâ, they are potentially a very significant contribution to gender equality and womens empowerment. Through their contribution to womenâs ability to earn an income, these programmes have potential to initiate a series of -âvirtuous spiralsâ of economic empowerment, and wider social and political empowerment. The results from these self help groups SHGs are promising and have become a focus of intense examination as it is proving to be an effective method of poverty reduction and economic empowerment. Mainly on the basis of secondary data analysis, this paper attempts to highlight the role of Microfinance and SHGs in the empowerment of women in India. Dr. Rajendra Prasad G R "Microfinance for Women Empowerment through SHGs - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52110.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/general-management/52110/microfinance-for-women-empowerment-through-shgs--a-review/dr-rajendra-prasad-g-r
A Study of the Role of Financial Inclusion in Womens Empowermentijtsrd
Â
inancial inclusion is an important policy measure used by various policymakers around the world to eradicate poverty, unemployment, and promote economic growth. Financial inclusion is defined as the process of providing easy and affordable financial services to the weaker and disadvantaged segments of society, particularly the backward classes, women, and children. Many studies show that financial inclusion plays an important role in promoting womens empowerment. Womens empowerment is a recent priority issue in developing economies, owing to the fact that women hold fewer salaried jobs. Womens empowerment refers to the process by which women can make their own decisions about what is best for them. It is a freedom of choice. Women may benefit from financial inclusion. In recent years, the Government of India has implemented a number of schemes aimed specifically at women, with the goal of providing them with social dignity and earning opportunities. Many schemes aim to financially include women so that they can have control over their finances and have additional assets on their accounts. The current article discusses the role of financial inclusion in womens empowerment and the various schemes implemented by the government to make women financially included. The study is entirely based on secondary data, which was gathered from various articles, journals, government websites, financial inclusion surveys, and other sources. According to the article, financial inclusion benefits womens economic empowerment. Pooja Bahuguna "A Study of the Role of Financial Inclusion in Women's Empowerment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59624.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/financial-economics/59624/a-study-of-the-role-of-financial-inclusion-in-womens-empowerment/pooja-bahuguna
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Financial Inclusion and Micro and Small Enterprises GrowthDr. Amarjeet Singh
Â
The persons or firms linked with the either way of
financial transaction are known as participants of financial
inclusion financially included otherwise financially
excluded. The normal way of flow of money is routed
through banking system, post office, insurance and FBFC
channels. The MSE is financially included with operation of
saving account, current account or loan account with banks;
financial transaction with other government financial
agencies as well as some private sector NBFC. Recent
initiatives of Government of India and Indian Banking
system have accelerated the performance of financial
inclusion through various schemes such as MNREGS,
Jandhan, Atal Pension Yojna, MUDRA and so forth. The
MUDRA scheme, credit scheme for MSE, credit scheme for
KVIC & Coir firm, Kishan credit card, General Credit
Card are exclusive financial inclusion scheme for MSE
credit. Out of total size of MSEs, less than forty percent
units are getting benefits from schedule commercial banks;
as on 2017-18 only Rs. 1337 billion credit facilities given by
the lending institutions. The paper examines the current
status and potential prospect of financial inclusion at given
numbers of units and employment.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Â
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
âFinancial Inclusion in SHG-bank Linkage Model under SGSY with special refere...iosrjce
Â
Financial Inclusion is a very big challenge to banking sector. Till now most of the banking facilities
are not reaching to deprive. Micro financing through SHGs is a vital weapon for poverty eradication. But due to
lack of uniformity it is not complete its target efficiently. In this paper try to focus on the financial inclusion in
SHGs-Bank Linkage Programme under SGSY scheme in Jhansi district. SBLP is the banking link with poors to
uplift their socio-economoc, health, nutrition, insurance, saving, education aspects. It is an attempt to clarify
how much this programme reach to beneficiaries of SHGs.
The present study differs from previous studies as it is focused its basic cause for reduction in quality numbers
of SHGs come out after complete all stages. Further, this paper tries to access the grass root issues relating to
SHGs and the normal course in decrease the number of SHGs at last stage in the study area. The study is
undertaken in four development blocks of jhansi Districts of Uttar Pradesh during 2009-13. It is observed that
due to fast growing of the SHG-bank linkage programme, quality credit linked SHG has not cover all stages of
the programme.. Some of the factors affecting the decline of SHGs are the target oriented approach of the
government in preparing group, inadequate incentive to NGOâs for nurturing their groups etc.
The State of Financial Inclusion â An Overview and AdvancementIJLT EMAS
Â
Financial Inclusion is delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups. The main focus of financial inclusion in India is to promote sustainable development and generating employment in rural areas for the rural population. In India, few households have access to banking services. There are many factors affecting access to financial services by weaker section of society in India. Several steps have been taken by the Reserve Bank of India and the Government to bring the financially excluded people to the fold of the formal banking services. Financial Access Survey for 2016 released by International Monetary Fund (IMF) shows that in India there only 13 commercial bank branches per 1,00,000 individuals. PM Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) was highly successful in opening bank accounts in which more than 97% of the accounts were opened with the public banks, but around 72% of these accounts show 'zero balances'. More than 1 crore bank accounts have been opened under PMJDY. However, despite the opening of such accounts, access has been lower. Access to banking is an important indicator of the level of financial inclusion in the country. India's urban and semi-urban region performs fairly well, however rural region is still underdeveloped in banking. Digital India campaign recently launched schemes like MUDRA, startup India, PMJDY, initiation of new banks like payment banks, PSL certificates trading etc. are in the right direction. With government moving towards DBT for subsidies financial inclusion becomes very critical. Focus should shift to increase coverage, reach of services and ease of availing credit.
Similar to SELF HELP GROUPS FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Daysâ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
Â
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchiâs standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchiâs orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Â
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Â
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
Â
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Â
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
Â
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like ânormal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
Â
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Â
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
Â
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employeesâ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organizationâs culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called âKhaki Worthyâ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nationâs police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any oneâs mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
Â
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Â
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organizationâs employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
Â
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Â
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as âacceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwiseâ, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
Â
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
Â
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a countryâs success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isnât compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Â
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Â
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE â CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
Â
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( ďĽ /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( ďĽ /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( ďĽ /FCFS) are very well.
SECUREX UK FOR SECURITY SERVICES AND MOBILE PATROLsecurexukweb
Â
At Securex UK Ltd we are dedicated to providing top-rated security solutions tailored to your specific needs. With a team of highly trained professionals and cutting-edge technology, we prioritize your safety and peace of mind.
Our commitment to excellence extends beyond traditional security measures. We understand the dynamic nature of security challenges, and our personalized approach ensures that every client receives a bespoke protection plan.
BEst VASHIKARAN SPECIALIST 9463629203 in UK Baba ji Love Marriage problem sol...gitapress3
Â
TOP No AsTro 1 black magic SpecialiSt UK baba ji +91-9463629203 VashIkaRan blaCk maGiC specialist in uSA Uk England Luxembourg CanAdA America BEst VASHIKARAN SPECIALIST 9463629203 in UK Baba ji Love Marriage problem solution Uk USA america england LonDon Divorce problem solution astroloGer
Business Solutions with .NET Development in Quantum Computing.pdfQServices Inc.
Â
Unlock the power of quantum computing with QServices. Our .NET experts deliver cutting-edge solutions to drive your business forward. Experience the future of computing and gain a competitive edge today.
A Bulgarian work permit is valid for up to one year, after which it can be renewed as long as the conditions of employment have not changed. After obtaining a work permit, the employee will need to apply for a Type D visa at the Bulgarian embassy or consulate in their country. Urgent requirement for Bulgaria đ§đŹđ§đŹwork D Category National Permit Visa ( Indian /Nepali Nationality only) Visa Validity - 3 to 6 months on renewables basis. Job category - General worker/ Helper Salary - 800 Euro @ 8 hrs.+ Over time extra Age- 20- 40 years Total processing time -4-5 Months
Upvc Bathroom Doors Price and Designs In Keralabpshafeeque
Â
UPVC Bathroom Doors Price in Kerala
When renovating or designing a bathroom, the choice of doors plays a pivotal role in ensuring both functionality and aesthetics. In Kerala, UPVC (Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride) bathroom doors have gained popularity for their durability, water resistance, and modern designs. This article delves into the pricing of UPVC bathroom doors in Kerala and why they are a preferred choice for homeowners.
#### Benefits of UPVC Bathroom Doors
UPVC bathroom doors offer several advantages, making them an ideal choice for the humid climate of Kerala:
1. **Water Resistance**: Unlike wooden doors, UPVC doors do not swell or warp when exposed to moisture, making them perfect for bathrooms.
2. **Durability**: These doors are resistant to termites and corrosion, ensuring a long lifespan.
3. **Low Maintenance**: UPVC doors require minimal upkeep, saving homeowners time and effort.
4. **Energy Efficiency**: They provide good insulation, helping maintain a comfortable bathroom temperature and reducing energy costs.
5. **Aesthetic Variety**: Available in various colors and designs, UPVC doors can complement any bathroom decor, from modern to traditional.
#### Price Range of UPVC Bathroom Doors in Kerala
The cost of UPVC bathroom doors in Kerala varies depending on factors such as size, design, and additional features. Here's a general overview of the price range:
- **Basic Models**: Simple UPVC bathroom doors start from âš2,500 to âš5,000. These doors are functional and offer essential benefits like water resistance and durability.
- **Mid-Range Models**: For more intricate designs or additional features such as frosted glass panels or metallic handles, prices range between âš5,000 and âš10,000.
- **Premium Models**: High-end UPVC bathroom doors, which may include custom designs, advanced locking systems, and superior finishes, can cost anywhere from âš10,000 to âš20,000 or more.
#### Conclusion
UPVC bathroom doors are an excellent investment for homes in Kerala, offering a blend of practicality and style. With a wide range of prices and designs available, homeowners can easily find a UPVC door that fits their budget and enhances their bathroomâs aesthetic appeal. When choosing a UPVC bathroom door, consider the specific needs of your space and the long-term benefits these doors provide. Investing in a quality UPVC bathroom door ensures a durable, low-maintenance, and stylish addition to your home.
Natureâs Paradise Glamorous And Sustainable Designs For Your Outdoor Living S...Landscape Express
Â
Create a harmonious blend of luxury and sustainability in your outdoor living space with eco-friendly kitchens, enchanting water features, and lush plant landscaping. Embrace energy-efficient appliances, solar lighting, rainwater harvesting, and native plants to enhance beauty while reducing environmental impact. Transform your space into a glamorous, eco-conscious retreat for relaxation and social gatherings.
Office Business Furnishings | Office EquipmentOFWD
Â
OFWD is Edmontonâs Newest and most cost-effective source for Office Furnishings. Conveniently located on 170 street and 114 Avenue in Edmontonâs West End. We take pride in servicing a client base of over 500 corporations throughout the Edmonton and Alberta area. OFWD is in the business of satisfying the home or corporate office environment needs of our clients, from individual pieces of furniture for the home user to the implementation of complete turn-key projects on much larger scales. We supply only quality products from reputable manufacturers. It is our intention to continue to earn the trust of our clients by dealing with honesty and integrity and by providing service and after sales follow-up second to none.
Experience the breathtaking beauty of a Waikiki sunset aboard the MAITAI Catamaran. Sail along the stunning coastline as the sun dips below the horizon, casting vibrant hues across the sky. Enjoy the gentle ocean breeze, refreshing drinks, and a relaxed atmosphere. This unforgettable voyage offers panoramic views of Diamond Head and the Waikiki skyline, making it the perfect way to end your day in paradise. Join us for a memorable sunset cruise you won't forget. Please visit our website: https://www.maitaicatamaran.net/ and call us at 808-922-5665 for additional information.
The Jamstack Revolution: Building Dynamic Websites with Static Site Generator...Softradix Technologies
Â
In this infographic, the Jamstack architecture emphasizes pre-rendered content and decoupling the frontend from the backend. It leverages static site generators (SSGs) to create fast-loading HTML files and APIs for dynamic functionality. Benefits include improved performance, enhanced security, scalability, and ease of deployment. Real-world examples include Netlify, Gatsby, and Contentful. https://softradix.com/web-development/
Colors of Wall Paint and Their Mentally Properties.pptxBrendon Jonathan
Â
Discover how different wall paint colors can influence your mood and mental well-being. Learn the psychological effects of colors and find the perfect hue for every room in your home.
Get your dream bridal look with top North Indian makeup artist - Pallavi KadalePallavi Makeup Artist
Â
Achieve your dream wedding day look with renowned North Indian bridal makeup artist, Pallavi Kadale. With years of experience, her expert techniques and skills will leave you looking flawless and radiant. Book today for your perfect bridal makeover.
Islamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxamilabibi1
Â
Islamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docxIslamabad No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba kala ilm.docx
Learn about Inspect Edge, the leading platform for efficient inspections, featuring the advanced NSPIRE Inspection Application for seamless property assessments. Discover how the NSPIRE Inspection Application by Inspect Edge revolutionizes property inspections with advanced features and seamless integration.
BesT panDit Ji LoVe problem solution 9463629203 UK uSA California New Zealand...gitapress3
Â
love problem solution astrologer
best love problem solution astrologer
online love problem solution astrologer
love problem solution astrologer in india
love problem solution astrologer in kolkata
love problem solution astrologer near me
love problem solution astrologer in ludhiana
love problem solution astrologer acharya ji
love problem solution astrologer in delhi
love problem solution astrologer amritsar
astrologer love problem solution
astrologer for love problem
astrology love problem solution
love solution astrologer
love problem solution specialist astrologer
love problem solution by astrologer
astrology love problem solution baba ji
love problem solve astrologer
love problem solution usa
love problem solution expert astrologer
astrologer for love marriage problem solution
love problem solution astrologer in mumbai
love problem solution muslim astrologer
love marriage specialist astrologer problem solution
famous love astrologer
love problem solution astrologer specialist
love problem solution astrologer tantrikBesT panDit Ji LoVe problem solution 9463629203 UK uSA California New Zealand baba ji LoVe marriage specialist Uk USA LonDOn panDit ji
Maximizing Efficiency with Integrated Water Management SystemsIrri Design Studio
Â
Integrated water management systems are essential for improving irrigation design sustainability and efficiency. Irri Design Studio helps customers maximize water consumption, reduce waste, and encourage responsible stewardship of water resources by utilizing cutting-edge technology like drone-based construction updates and BIM modeling. The increasing issues of water shortage and environmental protection require an all-encompassing strategy to water management. Irrigation systems may be planned to optimize water consumption efficiency while guaranteeing the safety of people and the environment by putting new ideas and concepts into practice. Visit our website https://www.irridesignstudio.com/ for more information.
Are Seamless Gutters Worth It? Explore nowacadiaborton
Â
Seamless gutters live up to their name: they are uncomplicated gutters that flow freely without needless joins or seams. They do have seams, but they are limited to the downspouts and corners. Painted metal is used to make seamless gutters. If you're wondering why seamless gutters could be preferable to traditional ones, keep reading this ppt for the advantages.
SMS2ORBIT | launched in 2022 in Mumbai's Andheri area, aims to be the most reliable Bulk SMS Service Provider in Mumbai.
If More Information About The SMS Service Provided By SMS2ORBIT Is Desired, Please Donât Hesitate To Contact The Business Team. They Can Be Reached At
business@sms2orbit.com Or By Calling 97248 55877.
1. https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 667 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET)
Volume 10, Issue 6, November â December 2019, pp. 667-675, Article ID: IJARET_10_06_067
Available online at https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=10&Issue=6
ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/U8W
Š IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
SELF HELP GROUPS FOR INCLUSIVE
GROWTH
Dr. M. Madhavi
Professor and Principal, Auroraâs PG College, Hyderabad, India
M. Subhashini
Faculty, Department of MBA, Auroraâs PG College, Hyderabad, India
ABSTRACT
India with 300 million people still living below the poverty line needs measures to
uplift the status of these people. Financial inclusion and provision of micro credit to
poor households has been one of such programmes which gained popularity with many
benefits. Financial inclusion is the delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to
the vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups. Only 49% of the farmer
households in rural India are having transactions with banks which suggests the fact
that 51% are excluded from financial assistance.
Micro Finance programmes have become one of the more promising ways of
providing developmental finance to achieve the objectives of poverty eradication. One
of the most important models of micro finance models is the development of Self Help
Groups to achieve the long cherished objective of rural development and poverty
alleviation.
Through this paper it is proposed to evaluate the contribution of micro finance
programmes especially Self Help Groups to the achievement of inclusive growth. This
paper also includes two cases of SHGs working in Hyderabad and Nizamabad of
Andhra Pradesh to project the reasons for success/ failure of the groups
Key words: Patients, Preference, Hospital, Preferences and Satisfaction, Service
Quality
Cite this Article: M. Madhavi and M. Subhashini, Self Help Groups for Inclusive
Growth, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology
(IJARET), 10(6), 2019, pp. 667-675.
https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=10&Issue=6
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Inclusive Growth
Inclusive Growth means â growth with equal opportunities.â The importance of equal
opportunities to all lies in its intrinsic value as well as instrumental role. The intrinsic value is
2. Self Help Groups for Inclusive Growth
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 668 editor@iaeme.com
based on the belief that equal opportunities is the basic right of human being . The instrumental
role comes from the recognition that equal access to opportunities increases growth potential ,
leads to efficient utilization of human and physical resources and makes the growth sustainable.
Inclusive growth focuses on both creating opportunities and making the opportunities available
to all. Growth is inclusive when it allows all the members of a society to contribute and
participate in the growth process regardless of their circumstances and standards.
Many people view âExclusivenessâ and âInequalityâ as being the same thing. But they are
not. In fact believing that they both are same may mislead into prescribing an entirely wrong
set of interventions to address the problem.
An effective inclusive growth strategy should have two anchors:
⢠High and sustainable growth to create productive and decent employment opportunities and
⢠Social inclusion to ensure equal access to opportunities by all.
In India also Planners Academicians and Politicians are talking about inclusive growth a
lot. The parliamentary election campaign of 2004 with its âIndia shiningâ VS âAam Aadmiâ
confrontation highlighted the perception that the benefit of economic growth were simply
passing too many people by. This orientation is most visibly manifested in the theme of the
Eleventh Five Year plan which runs from 2007-2012.
The theme is â towards faster and more inclusive growthâ which clearly reflects the need to
find a sustainable balance between growth and inclusion. The strategy for inclusive growth is
not just a conventional strategy, it is a strategy which aims at achieving a particular type of
growth process which will meet the objectives of â inclusiveness and sustainabilityâ.
Promoting inclusive growth includes revamping of labor regulations ,improving agriculture
technology and infrastructure , helping lagging states and regions catch up and empowering
poor through proactive policies that help them to take part in the market on fair and equitable
terms .
Indiaâs recent growth performance has been spectacular , the country remain one of the
fastest growing economies in the world. But these achievements have created new challenges :
⢠Improving the delivery of public services such as health care, education, power and
water supply to all its citizens ; and
⢠Maintaining rapid growth while spreading the benefits of this growth more widely.
Thus one of the critical challenges to India is Financial Inclusion of its population
especially that of under privileged sections. Despite continuous efforts by RBI, Financial
Inclusion appears to be far away from reality. India has been ranked poorly at 50th
place, even
below the African countries like Morocco and Kenya in the first ever Index of Financial
Inclusion prepared by Indian Council For Research on International Economic Affairs. As per
the index, the number of branches of a bank per 1 lakh adults is just 9.4. This indicates a vast
scope for expansion of banking services in the country.
2. MICRO-FINANCE
In the above context, Indian Government and planners have realized that subsidies are not the
solution to eliminate poverty. More than subsidies poor people need access to credit and
opportunity to exploit their talent. Absence of any recognizable employment and hence absence
of collateral make them non-bankable. In developing countries like India, lack of loans from
any bank leaves them with no other option but to borrow money from local moneylenders who
charge them huge interest rates. A lot of Micro Finance Institutions focus on providing
relatively small loans to poor people who have no access to formal banking services. Apart
from giving loans, Savings are also a very important part of micro-finance services.
3. M. Madhavi and M. Subhashini
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 669 editor@iaeme.com
The term MFI now refers to a wide range of organizations dedicated to providing these
services and includes Non Governmental Organizations , Credit Unions , Co-operatives, Private
Commercial banks, Non Banking Financial Institutions and Regional Rural Banks.
Dr. C. Rangarajan, Chairman, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister said
âFinancial Inclusion is no longer an option but compulsion and SHGs and NGOs can play an
important role in making it a reality.â at the India Financial Inclusion Summit, 2008.
Micro-finance is a dynamic field and hence many delivery models have been developed
over a period of time. Each delivery model has its share of problems and success. In India
various delivery models have been adopted by Micro-Finance Institutions and they can be
broadly categorized as follows :
⢠Self-Help Group Model (SHG)
⢠Federated Self-Help Group Model
⢠Grameena Bank Model
⢠Cooperative Model
Among different delivery models of micro-finance, SHGs represent the emergence of a new
paradigm in the era of poverty alleviation.
SHG : A Self-Help Group is a registered or unregistered group of micro-entrepreneurs having
homogeneous social, economic background , voluntarily coming together to save small
amounts regularly. These savings contribute to a common fund and meet their emergency needs
on mutual help basis. The group members use collective wisdom and peer pressure to ensure
proper use of funds and timely repayment there of. SHGs can be formed with 10 to 20 members.
These groups can avail themselves of financial facilities offered by financial institutions and
the government. However there are credit norms to avail these facilities. Frequently the group
should convene meetings and discuss all the issues relating to the group on a common platform.
Government organizations, VDOs and other NGOs organize regular training programmes for
educating and developing the skills among members. SHGs are required to maintain records as
directed by the monitoring authorities. SHGs are directly financed by banks and repayments
are regular and defaults are very less when compared to other types of loans.
SHGs have varied origins mostly as a part of integrated development programmes run by
NGOâs with donar support. The major programme involving financial intermediation by SHGs
is the SHG-bank linkage programme by which the formal banking system reaches the micro
entrepreneurs including farmers , launched in 1992 as a pilot project of NABARD. It has since
proved its efficiency as a mainstream programme for banking by the poor, who mainly comprise
the marginal farmers , landless laborers, artisans, and craftsmen and others engaged in small
business like hawking and vending in the rural areas.
The main advantages of the programme are:
⢠Timely repayment of loans to bank
⢠Reduction in transaction costs both to the poor and the banks
⢠Door step âsaving and credit âfacility for poor
⢠Exploitation of untapped business potential of the rural areas.
All 498 banks [50 commercial, 96 amalgamated RRBs, and 352 co-operative banks] are
actively participating in the programme . As on December31, 2007 bank loan of Rs.20,114cr.
was availed of by 30-51 lakh SHGs (table 1) The average bank loan availed of per SHG and
per family amounted to Rs.65,924/- and Rs.4,708/- respectively. The outreach of the
programme has enabled an estimated 427 lakh poor households to gain access to micro-finance
from the formal banking system.
4. Self Help Groups for Inclusive Growth
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 670 editor@iaeme.com
Table 1 Progress Under SHG- Bank Linkage
YEAR No. of SHGs financed by the banks
during the year
Bank loans given during the year
Number Growth(%
)
Cumulative
No.
Amount
(Rs. Cr)
Growth (%) Cumulative
Amount
2003-04 3,61,731 41 10,79,091 1855.34 81 3,904.21
2004-05 5,39,365 49 16,18,456 2994.25 62 6,898.46
2005-06 6,20,109 15 22,38,565 4499.09 50 11,397.55
2006-07 6,86,408 11 29,87,441 6643.19 47 18,040.74
2007-08 1,26,068 - 30,51,041 2072.78 - 20,113.52
SOURCE: Economic Survey 2007-0
The above table shows the number of SHGs financed by Banks from the year 2002-03 to
2007-08. The number of SHGs are increasing and till now Rs. 20,113.52 Crores were disbursed
through Banks toward loans to SHGs. Not only Public Sector Banks but Regional Rural Banks,
District Cooperative Banks are also participating in the delivery of loans to various groups
spread among rural areas of different states.
Table 2 Advances to SHGS by Public Sector Banks
Year No. of
Accounts
(in 100s)
Amount
Outstanding
(in Rs.Crs)
% to total
advances
March 2004 450 1233 0.2
March 2005 460 1843 0.3
March 2006 1067 4047 0.4
March 2007 967 3898 0.3
SOURCE: RBI website
This table shows the delivery of loans to SHGs by Public Sector Banks from 2004 to 2007
March. The disbursements were maximum in the year 2006. The public sector banks were
taking an active participation in this programme because of the maximum recovery rate on these
loans which is 98% of the loan sanctioned to the groups and prompt payments offered by the
groups.
3. SHGS IN THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Andhra Pradesh is one of the pioneer states in encouraging self-help groups. The world bank
has said that the model of SHGs in Andhra Pradesh is remarkable and could be replicated in
other states in India. Much of micro-finance initiatives involved SHGs predominantly are
giving assistance to poor women in the villages of AP. Studies commissioned by NABARD in
2002 indicate that the programme has emerged as the largest micro-finance network in the
world. The statewide distribution of SHGs linked with banks shows a predominantly large share
of over 42% of all linked SHGs in Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Uttar Pradesh follow with
a share about 12% and 11% respectively. A.P government has made a pioneering effort in the
organization and development of SHGs in which rural women are largely involved. The role of
women in the organization and monitoring of SHG action plan has paved the way for the speedy
development of economic and productive activities of the group. Another important factor
5. M. Madhavi and M. Subhashini
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 671 editor@iaeme.com
which contributed to the development in A.P is the collective participation of various
organizations and credit institutions.
SHGs in A.P emerged as a sub-scheme of Integrated Rural Development Programme in
1982-83 with UNICEF cooperation with primary objective of focusing attention on women
members of rural families living below the poverty line. The savings and credit movement
started working in Nellore district in 1993. Later SHGs are formed into savings and credit
groups known as Podupu Lakshmi. There has been a phased expansion of SHGs which are
popularly known as DWCRA group. According to a study out of 10 million people in the world
carrying on thrift activity 2 million are in A.P. itself. With the government support , particularly
with the network of District Rural Development Agency(DRDA) and support from many
NGOs, the womenâs savings and credit network is now widespread in Andhra, Rayalaseema
and Telangana regions.
Table 3 Progress of SHGs in Andhra Pradesh
Years No. of SHGs in
state
Loans delivered (Rs.Crs)
2003-04 2,31,336 752.90
2005-05 2,61,254 1017.70
2005-06 2,88,711 2001.40
2006-07 3,66,489 3063.87
2007-08 4,31,515 5882.79
Source: SAAKSHI Telugu daily
The table shows the progress of SHGs in the state of AP. We can observe a clear raise in
the number of groups as well as the amount of loans disbursed from the year 2003-04 to 2007-
08. In the state 25 commercial banks, 12 Regional Rural Banks and 12 District Central Banks
with the help of 4,600 branches are delivering loans to women self help groups.
The revolving funds of SHGs in AP amounts to an outstanding RS.3,951 Crores along with
their own thrift money of 1,755 crores. The recovery is also ideal when compared with the
recovery from other sector loans. Now in AP around 7,29,533 groups are working with
90,97,139 women members.
The city of Hyderabad is also contributing its share in the delivery of loans to the women
groups in the city and sub -urbs of the city. In Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation limits
as many as 37,637 groups are working with 5, 64, 555 members. The government disbursed an
amount of Rs.101.35 crores to these groups till now. Among the 41,180 urban groups working
in the state the city occupies a majority share of 21,307 groups.
The success of a group largely depends on the homogeneity and unity of purpose among
the group members. These groups help the members to concentrate on production activation.
Regular and rigid saving is invoked to achieve balance of power within the group and generate
a sense of ownership, most often result in credit discipline among members. This, in turn,
stabilize the group and help group in striving toward the objectives of micro-enterprise.
The methodology of lending loans is, groups comprising of 15-20 women from a
homogenous socio âeconomic background collect some amount from all the members. The
decisions will be collectively taken based on the need and replacement capacity. In case, the
group needs more amount of money they try to get the funds from various external sources such
as MFI, DRDA, banks or non-banking organizations. Due to the effectiveness of this
methodology SHGâs are encouraged to undertake thrift and credit activities.
6. Self Help Groups for Inclusive Growth
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 672 editor@iaeme.com
The sources of credit for every group are
1) Banks
2) Mandala Samakhya
3) Grama Samakhya
4) Internal savings
Banks are charging 25ps interest per 100 per month on the loans. Mandala Samakhya
charges 0.50ps per hundred/month. Grama Samakhya charges 1/- and internal sources cost them
2/-.
The authors have taken a study of Nizamabad and Hyderabad and interviewed the Leaders
of the groups. We found that the groups in the villages are more effective and the level of
awareness is more when compared with the groups working in the city. The Grama Samakhya
President Mrs. Manemma was interviewed to understand the working of SHGâs in the village.
There are around 30 groups in the village out of which 27 groups are around 10years old. Of
these we have selected a group which has been very successful .
CASE-1:
Lakshmi Devi group was started in 1998 and the name of the group leader is Manemma . There
are 10 members in the group. Each member saves 50/- per month.
This group has been given loans of Rs.20,000 in the beginning and then Rs.40,000 and now
under TFY program they got a loan of Rs. 4,00,000. This amount has been used by the members
for the upliftment of their economic status.
⢠Kantamma of this group had taken a loan of Rs.40,000 from the loan sanctioned to them
and purchased an auto rickshaw and thereby became self â employed.
⢠Lakshmi , one of the member has taken Rs.40,000 to send her husband to Muscat and
there by the earnings of the family have been improved.
⢠Another member Padma used 40,000 to purchase a buffalo and by this she is able to
earn an additional amount of 200/-per day.
⢠Manemma has taken 30,000 from the fund and spent it to dig a borewell in the field.
With the installation of the motor she is now able to harvest two crops a year and is able
to improve her income.
Under the leadership of Manemma the group is able to utilize all the benefits provided to
them because Manemma is aware of all the benefits which they can get by forming into a Self
Help Group. She is able to motivate all the members of the group, to be united and to pay the
debts in the prescribed manner. Further the group is maintaining good records of their activities
and noting of the accounting transactions is found to be perfect.
The loans are not only helping the individual members but also the group which is
collectively using the funds to cater to the needy in the group. Many times social obligations
are also met with the help of internal credit facilities.
A commendable feature of this group is the unity and co-operation prevailing amongst the
members. When a member of the group lost her husband, the remaining group helped her by
giving 5000/- from the internal sources. When another memberâs son has suffered from a
fracture the group helped her in getting a loan of 20,000 from Mandala Samakhya.
The formation of a group is not only helping them in improving the economic status but
also relieving them from indebtedness as the interest rates charged on the loans granted are very
low. The group members are paying 900/- per month towards the repayment of an amount of
40,000. Had it been taken from outside sources they should pay an interest of 1,200 at the rate
7. M. Madhavi and M. Subhashini
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 673 editor@iaeme.com
of 3/- per month. This explains the burden borne by the members from outside credit before
they were formed into a group.
After going through the performance of the group we can clearly state that SHG model of
Micro financing is very successful in the achievement of inclusive growth. This was made
possible because of
⢠Effective leadership
⢠Awareness about the benefits of SHGs
⢠Thriftiness among the members
⢠Perpetual membership
⢠Credit discipline
⢠Integrity of the group
⢠Cooperation among the members
CASE-2:
Another group Durga Bhavani Podupu Sangham was also undertaken for the study. This group
belongs to Ramanthapur area of Hyderabad city. This group was started in the year 2000. The
group leader is Mrs. Umadevi. The group was originally started with 20 members but later on
the number was decreased to 10. This is due to non-payment of savings regularly into the group
and irresponsibility of the members towards the activities of the group. This group initially
saved Rs.30 per month and the amount was deposited in Andhra Bank. After two years this
group got a bank loan of Rs. 20,0000. But the group leader was unable to disburse the amount
because of the fear of non-payment by the members. Till today the group is having the revolving
fund with them without any utility.
Further this group also got some contract work to undertake CC road work of worth
Rs.50,000. But due lack of co-ordination in the members of the group, the work has been taken
up by the local ward counselor with out any benefit to the members of the group.
Another fact observed was the low levels of motivation rendered by the group leader to the
members of the group. The group leader is not aware of the benefits associated with the SHGs
and their contribution to the development of the members of the group. With her ignorance she
herself is away from availing the benefits of the group formation.
The reasons for the non-performance of the group are
⢠In-effective leadership
⢠Lack of awareness among the members
⢠Lack of credit discipline
⢠Absence of thriftiness
⢠Lack of co-ordination among the members of the group
With this study, it is observed that the SHG-Bank linkage programme has contributed
significantly towards the primary objective of poverty alleviation and empowerment of rural
India. At the same time there are some problems associated with the working of these groups
which have been observed during the study.
⢠The Commercial banks have been following largely 1:4 savings credit ratio prescribed
as a lending norm. The loan terms are also uniformly prescribed and strict. The groups
which are having relatively lower savings ability are finding the lending ratio highly
restrictive.
8. Self Help Groups for Inclusive Growth
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 674 editor@iaeme.com
⢠The contribution of SHGs in the improvement of the socio-economic conditions of the
poor house-holds is commendable but it not uniform. The awareness in some of the
areas is relatively high and in some other areas it is very poor.
⢠The utilization of funds by the SHGs is not always productive. The groups are using
these funds for education, housing, health and protective needs.
⢠In some of the areas the groups are not having access to banking facilities because of
the location of the banks. They have to travel long distances to access the services. Due
to this some of the groups are becoming reluctant to avail the facilities of loans and
other benefits.
⢠Commercial banks also have been facing some problems like an increase in the
percentage of Non Performing Assets in case of non recovery of loans and loans with
out any guarantee.
⢠The real need of the small and marginal farmers is not funds alone but the timely
availability of a package of inputs and custom services, along with technical advice and
support services for packaging and processing and transportation.
⢠The absence of effective organization and promotion is leading to the failure of the
groups and the groups are unable to get the benefits of micro finance
In spite of these problems the working of the groups is observed to be commendable. The
defaults in these loans are only 2 to 3 percent when compared to other types of loans given by
the banks like personal loans, vehicle loans, mortgage loans etc. However if these problems are
reduced to the possible extent the number of groups ready to avail the loans will increase. These
problems can be overcome by some of the remedial measures which can be taken at different
levels.
⢠The banks should be wiling to provide loans with flexible credit norms to enhance the
coverage of the groups under bank linkage.
⢠Entrepreneurial developmental assistance can be provided to the people of the groups
to increase the productive utilization of funds on loans.
⢠The local governmental agencies can take initiative to promote awareness in their areas
to increase the number of groups.
⢠More number of branches of banks and other micro finance institutions can be
established to increase the accessibility of banking facilities to the groups.
⢠Rural development agencies can take the assistance of NGOs working in the rural areas
to provide advisory services to the micro and small farmers in the processing, storage
and marketing of their produce.
⢠It has been observed that where the community activists, community volunteers and
community coordinators are taking initiative to promote SHGs, the groups are able to
reap the benefits of micro finance.
4. CONCLUSION
To conclude we can say that SHGs have been successful in the achievement of the primary
objective of inclusion of the rural households in the growth process of the economy. But this
depends upon creating awareness among the people especially those who are ignorant of the
SHGs and their benefits. The financially excluded sections need to be educated about the
benefits of being a part of the formal financial system. Better financial inclusion leads to better
earnings and better standards of living. The financial inclusion summit, 2008 highlighted the
fact that mobile banking can be introduced in India to provide access to banking services. The
9. M. Madhavi and M. Subhashini
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 675 editor@iaeme.com
need of the hour is to design cheaper and innovative models of financial inclusion. A blend of
technology, physical infrastructure and utilization of the potentials of SHGs can expand the
reach of Micro Finance for Financial Inclusion.
REFERENCES
[1] Misra SK & Puri VK, 2006, âIndian Economyâ Himalaya Publishing House.
[2] Dutt & Sundaram 2006, Indian Economy, S. Chand & Co. New Delhi.
[3] The Chartered Accountant, September, 2008.
[4] The Economic Times, English Daily, Hyderabad, 28th
august, 2008.
[5] Saakshi, Telugu Daily, Hyderabad, 22nd
October, 2008.
[6] Kurukshetra, January, 2005, volume 53, No.3 âThe growing mission of Self-Helpingâ by Nava
Thakuria pp.,38-40.
[7] Kurukshetra, August 2003, Volume 51, No. 10 âRural credit delivery, Reaching the unreachedâ
by G. Srinivasan, pp., 10-12.
[8] Kurukshetra, November 2002, Volume 51, No. 1 âRural credit and women Self Help Groupsâ
By Dr. H.D. Dwarakanath, pp., 9-15.
[9] Yojana, May 2008, âBudget 08-09 , Rural Developmentâ By KK Tripathy & Ishita Tripathy,
pp.,49-51.
[10] Economic survey of India, 2008.