Selection sort is one of the simplest sorting algorithms where the minimum element from the unsorted section of the array is selected in each iteration and swapped with the first element, resulting in the sorted subarray growing by one element on each iteration. It works by repeatedly finding the minimum element from the unsorted part of the array and swapping it into place until the entire array is sorted. The example demonstrates selection sort by sorting the array of numbers 6, 2, 11, 7, 5 into ascending order by selecting the minimum element on each pass.