The document summarizes key events and developments during the Madani period of the Prophet Muhammad's life and leadership in Madinah, including establishing an administrative system and laws, treaties with Jews, the Battle of Badr, Uhud, and other military conflicts, the Treaty of Hudaybiyah, the conquest of Mecca, and final sermons before the Prophet's death.

1. Madani Period

2.  Islamic state in Madina emerged needing:
Administrative structure,laws,justice,family laws.
 Aggressive efforts at Dawah and attack on the
false ideologies.
 Settlement of the migrants in Madina with their
financial support but also their Islamic education
and moral training.
 Prepare for Jihad and armed resistance against
the enemies of Islam.

3.  Treaties with Jews.
 Hypocrites in Madina.
 Change of Qibla.
 Warning for pagans that their trade route to
Syria could be blocked.
 Abdullah bin Hajash led an ambush upon a
Pagan’s caravan.Omar bin Hadarmi died.This
happened without the Prophet’s approval.

4.  A big trade caravan of pagans was en route from
Syria to Mecca.
 Abu Sufyan sent a man to Mecca to get help
 He announced in Mecca that Muslims attacked
the caravan.
 Most of the pagan leaders prepared for fight
 1000 men strong army prepared to march to
Madina.

5.  Decisive battle with impact on future
 Muhajiroon came with no assets
 Ansaars had no experience of battle.
 Tribes of Jews had hidden animosity
 Hypocrites and some pagans in Madina
 Muslims resources and numbers were
disproportionately less than pagans.

6.  He presented the situation before Sahaba
 He asked whether we should go after the trade
caravan or face pagan’s army
 Many opined to go after the caravan
 Prophet asked the question again
 Miqdad bin Amar ® from muhjiroon said we shall
go with you where Allah’s order is
 Saad bin Muaaz from ansaar supported

7.  Muslims  Pagans
.313 men . 1000 men including
.3 horses 100 leaders
.70 camels .Several horses,
.60 shields camels, swords and
. shields.

8.  Prophet’s dua before the battle.
 Difficult test for muhajiroon, stood against their
family members.
 Pagans were defeated.70 of their men killed
including leaders.70 became POW’s.
 Pagan’s left lot of valuables behind.

9.  Purpose of Qital is not bounties but making
Islam prevalent and to please Allah.
 Obedience of ameer is pivotal in Jamaah.
 Victory in Badar was due to Allah’s Help.
 Jihad is the ultimate test for a believer.
 Your money and families are a test.
 Sabar is the essence of any movement
 Desire to achieve the objectives should never
allow you to compromise the Islamic guidelines.

10.  Reasons
1-Defeat of pagans in Badar alarmed tribes
2-Pagans of Meccah wanted revenge.
3- Jews of Madina encouraged pagans to fight
 Pagans advance to Madina in Shawwal,3 Hijra
with 3000 men.
 Prophet consulted the sahaba.
 Prophet gathered army of 1000
people.Hypocrites withdrew 300 men.
 Enthusiasm of youth. Story of Rafe and Samra.

11.  Prophet placed his army in front of uhad
mountain.
 He appointed 50 archers led by Abdullah bin
Jubair to guard corridor in the mountain.
 Women in the pagan army sang and beat the
drums to encourage their fighters.
 In the beginning, Muslims defeated the pagan
army. Then they started gathering bounties.

12.  Most of the archers at the Uhad coridoor left to
get bounties except few.
 Khalid bin Walid, leader of one of pagan’s
fighting group attacked from the poorly guarded
Uhad coridoor.
 Muslims were now attacked from back and front.
 Muslim army was dispersed and many were on
the run.
 Rumor was spread that the Prophet was killed.
 Many lost their will to fight when got the rumor.

13.  Prophet was guarded by few sahaba.
 He was moved up to the mountain.
 When Muslims heard about Prophet’s safety,
they gathered again and fought.
 Pagans at that time left the battlefield.
 Latter, they thought of returning but did not.
 Prophet even chased them till Hamra ul Asad.

14.  Dependence on the Help of Allah.
 Love of material wealth was one reason for initial
defeat. Allah forbade Riba.
 Guaranty of success if you are believers.
 Islamic movement does not depend on
personalities.
 Fear of death is the root cause of cowardice.There
is appointed time of death.

15.  Uhad’s setback encouraged hostile tribes to
stand up against Muslims and fight.
 Jofeed tribe tried to attack in Muharram,4H.
 Lahyan tribe attacked same month.
 Safar,4H.70 learned sahaba were sent to the
Kallab tribe for teaching Islam & got killed.
 Two other tribes took 10 sahaba for teaching.7
were killed and 3 were imprisoned.Khabbab and
Zaid were sold in Mecca and latter killed.

16.  Reasons
1-Jewish leaders felt threat to their business.
2-Quran was openly criticizing Jew's behavior
3-Fear of living under Islamic rule.
 Banu Qanqa- exiled Shawwal, 2H for declaring war
against Muslims.
 Kaab bin Ashraf executed Rabil Awwal,3H by
Mohammd bin Muslima.
 Banu Nazeer.Broke treaties and conspired to kill
the Prophet. Exiled to Kheyber.

17.  Jews in Kheyber conspired and incited pagans to
bring a 10.000 army to Madina.
 Prophet consulted sahaba.Salman Farsi
suggested to dig a ditch on open part of city.
 8 Ziqad,5H digging started.10 yards of ditch was
assigned to 10 people.It was 5 yard deep.
 3000 people dug it in 20 days.

18.  Pagans attacked Madina from 3 sides.33:10
 Hard test of Iman.Hypocrites exposed.33:12
 Enemy kept blockade for one month.
 They threw stones and arrows.
 They tried to cross the ditch.
 With Allah’s sent windstorm, enemies fled.

19.  Trust in Allah’s Help.
 Test of Iman.
 Root cause of weakness- fear of loosing life and
property.
 Excellent example in the Prophet’s conduct.
 Banu Qureza’s punishment for breaking the
treaty.Blockade.Decision according to their book.
400 people killed, rest made POW.

20.  Zeqad, 6 H, Prophet announced intention to visit
Kaaba.1400 Muslims joined him.
 Prophet sent someone to find pagan’s plan.
 Pagans started gathering forces.
 Prophet continued travel and stopped at
Hudabeya.
 Prophet sent Osman to negotiate.

21.  News came that Osman has been killed.
 Bait Ridwan.Prophet gathered Muslims under a
tree and took a pledge that we shall fight till we die
or win.
 Peace Treaty. Pagan released Osman and sent
Suhail bin Amar for peace talks.
 A peace treaty was concluded and written.

22.  Muslims shall go back this year.
 They shall return next year and stay for 3days
 They shall not have any weapons except one
sword in the shield.
 They can’t take Muslims left in Mecca and shall
not stop any Muslim from coming back to Meccah.
 If someone goes to Madina, he shall be returned
but if someone returns to Mecca, shall not be
returned.

23.  Tribes shall have the choice to enter into treaty
with Muslims or pagans.
 This treaty shall be in effect for 10 years
--------------------------------------------------------
Abu Jandal’s matter.
Effects of Hudabeya.

24.  Roman Emperor. Wahya Kalbi
 Persian Emperor. Abdullah bin Huzafa Sahmi.
 Aziz Misr.(Egyptian Emperor) Hatib bin Abi Baltah
 Najjashi, King of Abysenia. Omar bin Umayyah.

25.  Attack on Khyber. Muharram, 7 Hijra.
 Laws and regulations for Society.
Suras Nisaa and Maida.
Family laws,rights of men and women,inheritance
law,prohibition of alcohol and gambling, law of
testimony,general moral instructions.
Prophet performed Umra in 7 Hijra.

26.  Violation of Hudabeya Treaty by pagans.
 Preparation to invade Mecca.10 Ramadan,8H.
 Abu Sufyan is arrested and released.
 Entry in Mecca.(Minimal fighting.)
 Peace declaration in Mecca.
 Entry in Kaaba.Removal of idols and pictures.
 Victory address by the Prophet.
 General amnesty.

27.  Hawazan and Saqeef tribes prepared for war
 Prophet took 12000 men and weapons to fight in
Hunain (between Mecca and Taif)
 Some Muslims said who could defeat us.
 Initially, Muslims faced severe arrow attack
 Latter, they gathered around the Prophet and
fought well defeating the enemy.
 Surah Tauba, 9:25,26.

28.  Conflict with Roman empire already started in
battle of Mota (Jamadi ula, 8 H).Sharjeel the
ruler of Basra brought army of 100,000 which
fought against 3000 Muslims.
 Farwa bin Amar Jizami, a Roman commander
became Muslim.Latter, he was killed by the
emperor.
 Many tribes under Roman rule accepted Islam.

29.  Cesar prepared to gather his forces on Syrian
border to punish Muslims.
 Prophet decided to go forward and stop this build
up.
 Sacrifices of Muslims and excuses by hypocrites.
 Prophet left Madina with 30,000 army
 Cesar ordered his forces to retreat.

30.  Dealings with hypocrites.
Demolition of Masjid Zirar
Not to accept their donations
No family or friendly relations with them.
Prophet should not attend their funeral.
 Disciplinary action against 3 sahabas.
 Clear political policy of the State.(Haj,9 H)

31.  All methods of Jahileya are under my feet.
 No Arab has superiority over non Arab.You are
children of Adam and he was created from clay.
 All muslims are brothers.
 Feed and clothe your slaves same what you eat or
wear.
 Killings and Riba of Jahileya are cancelled.

32.  Fear Allah in the matter of women.
 Your blood and your money is forbidden for
each other.
 If you hold fast to the book of Allah, you will not
be misguided.
 He asked,”Have I passed to you Allah’s
message?” Everyone answered,”Yes”.
 He said,”Now, you must pass on this message
to those who are not here.”

33.  Safar,18, 11 H, he became sick.
 He appointed Abu Bakr to lead the salaat.
 When he was feeling a little better,he came to the
masjid and gave last Khutbah.
 Rabiul Awwal, 12, 11 H, he passed to Rafiq Ala.
 May Allah’s blessings be upon him.