Video analysis and surveillance systems are increasingly important for high-level security applications like monitoring airports, oil refineries, military sites, and traffic. Modern solutions use centralized management of high-resolution cameras, wireless networking, storage of video for over a year, and features like object detection, motion analysis, and alert generation. This allows real-time and offline search of video based on parameters. Case studies demonstrate how these solutions improve security for airports by detecting unattended baggage or intruders, oil refineries by monitoring perimeter fences, and traffic by analyzing congestion and vehicle classification.

1. Video Analysis & Surveillance
in
High End Security

2. Introduction
 Security refers to “freedom from risk or
danger”.
 Video security is used to protect homes,
property and people.
 Because of increased crime in many towns and
cities, video security is essential.
 Another reason for video security is documenta-
tion. If a crime is committed, you will have a
record of it. This evidence is readily available
and can be quite valuable.

3. Introduction
11 Sep 2001 WTC disaster
7 July 2005 London bombings
3
contd...

4. Now in Mumbai 26th Nov 2008
Hotel Taj Mahal
CST Railway Station
Taxi at Vile Parle

5. Mumbai Terror Attack
 Terrorists infiltrated in to Mumbai through sea route which could
have been tracked in the sea itself
 They alighted on the shore in group of ten people with heavy
luggage and entered the land which again could have been
monitored
 Few of the terrorists were staying in the hotel and were able to
move large material inside their rooms and also survey the hotel
building which also could have been monitored
 Few terrorists went firing all across the city through railway
station, hospital and roads and were not being monitored which
if could have been done, the terrorists could have been trapped
and prevented from causing damage to that extent

6.  Increasing crime rates and terrorist activity, as well
as an increasing demand for more protection of
people and assets is affecting the growth of the
security related applications and more specifically,
the video surveillance system.
 An obvious benefit of video surveillance is 24/7
monitoring of both densely populated areas,
remote and isolated locations. Whether used for
live monitoring, recording or both, video has
proven to be invaluable for identifying individuals
spotting criminal activity, recording accidents and
other events.
Introduction
contd...

7. Traditional Surveillance Systems
 Traditional CCTV security systems conventionally are:
 Analog or Digital type
 Limited Tape life or Storage in terms of Time
 Complex High End Central Management System
 Systems are totally dumb and require very high Human
intervention
 Ideal for small thefts and similar incidents but cannot deal with
terrorist attacks

8. IT IS MORE IMPORTANT TO SAVE HUMAN LIFE
THAN TO FIND OUT THE REASON THROUGH
POSTMORTEM
MISSION TO COMBAT TERRORISM RIGHT AT
THE DOOR
WE PROVIDE THE NEXT GENERATION SECURITY
SYSTEMS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

9. Video Analysis & Surveillance in
High End Security
Monitoring important places like Airports and Railway
stations.
 Securing nuclear power sites and national
infrastructures.
 Used for Military and Defense purposes
 Monitor important roads and public places.
 Detection and abandoning (possibly dangerous) objects

10. Requirements
 Low latency
 Data storage and Management including proper
backup.
 Searching and retrieval of stored visual information
 High degree of accuracy in producing alarms for
predefined events.
 Object detection and Tracking
 Motion detection and analysis
 Visualization at different levels (eg. enhancing &
restoration)
 Sensors : - To monitor movement along the fences
- For people/vehicle counting

11. High End Centralized Management
 H.264 based compression technique which would
enable quality video stream on 1 mbps bandwidth
 Storage upto 1 year or more
 Easy retrieval with respect to Time and Place
 Detection of illegitimate loitering
 Detection of unidentified objects
 Object detection and tracking
 System to build more accountability
 Ideal resource center for Police / ATS/ RAW and other
Intelligence agencies

12. Proposed Solution
Central
Storage
Wireless Network
Motion Analysis
Intrusion Analysis
Object Analysis
Colour Analysis
Shape Analysis
Encoder Encoder
Online
Monitoring
Offline
Monitoring
On Alert
Monitoring
Centralized Management System
Camera 1 Camera 2

13. Proposed Solution
 The proposed solution includes High resolution cameras fixed at
numerous locations across the city which would include public
places, prohibited areas, sensitive areas etc.
 These camera will be connected to encoders whereby the
captured would be encoded to desired format and then
transmitted to the Centralized Management System over
wireless network
 The CMS will process and analyze the videos at run time and
store them with tags referring to various parameters like object
characteristics, motion, intrusion etc.
 In case of any intrusion or other set parameter being active an
alert will be generated at the CMS
 Online Monitoring will also be available with switching between
the cameras

14. Monitoring Features
 The Online monitoring enables analysis of the video with respect to object
sizes, shapes, colour and stores the same with reference tags
 The Online monitoring allows search facility with parameters like motion,
object details, intrusion
 For e.g. at any given point if the user wishes to monitor a particular shape or
oversize objects, he will receive videos from the respective cameras on his
screen where such objects are being located
 The Offline monitoring enables access to stored video (about 1 year) with
comprehensive search facility. For e.g. user can access videos of a particular
day of a particular colour car across all the locations being monitored
 “On Alert” monitoring enables users to receive online alerts in case of any
intrusion, loitering in particular areas, over speeding vehicle or detection of a
particular shape of object like gun etc. The user can immediately access the
video from respective camera and track the suspicious person / object

15. Object Detection
Object detection provides surveillance-watch
automation that automatically detects objects.
e.g : People,Vehicles etc.

16. Classes of object detection
Intrusion Detection
Abandoned Baggage Detection
Stopped Vehicle Detection
Object Removal Detection
Autonomous PTZ Tracking

17. Intrusion Detection
Provides a security alarm when a person or
vehicle moves within a prohibited area under
video surveillance.

18. Stopped Vehicle Detection
Stopped vehicle detection
automatically detects and
alarms on the presence of a
stopped vehicle in an area
where parking/standing is a
violation.

19. Object Removal Detection
Provides an alarm when an item is removed from
its last location. Detection can be defined to
immediately alarm when an object is removed/
stolen.

20. Unattended Baggage Detection
Unattended baggage detection provides an alarm
when an item (package, debris, baggage, etc.) is
deposited or appears in a controlled area. In
addition, detection can be configured to ignore
items that are attended by a nearby person.

21. Autonomous PTZ Tracking
Detects and tracks a moving object by automatic commanding of
the mechanical pan, tilt, and zoom of a PTZ security camera. With
this automatic acquiring capabilities, the target is kept in-site and
in-focus providing magnified identification and information
gathering possibilities.

22. Motion Analysis
Moving Object
Detection
Feature
Extraction
Correspondence
Analysis
Prediction
Update
Context
Tracking
Moving Object Detection
Temporal differencing
Background subtraction
Optical Flow

23. Case Study - 1
Airport Security

24. Airport Security
Airports must be able to discover and deal with
potential security and operational problems, such
as:
* Unattended baggage
* Illegally parked vehicles (vehicle detection)
* Intruders
* Multiple Entries into a secured area
* Baggage tampering

25. Airport Security
Video surveillance is also important to implement at
airport’s apron, that is the area aircrafts are parked
and maintained by specialized ground vehicles.
For tracking of vehicles, e.g. fueling vehicles and
baggage cars, as well as tracking of individuals.
contd...

26. Airport Security
A main requirement behind the adopted video
system architecture is that the system must be capable
of monitoring and recognizing the activities and
interaction of numerous vehicles and personnel in a
dynamic environment over extended periods
contd..

27. Case Study - 2
Oil Refinery

28. Oil Refinery
Application : 24x7 monitoring of a 5-mile perimeter
of the fence
Threat Scenarios:
Vehicles or people loitering outside fence (severe)
Vehicles or people going over, under, or through
fence (critical)
Vehicles or people near inside of fence (critical)
Abandoned objects near fence (inside or out),
e.g., duffle bag of explosives (severe)
Camera disabling (moved, masked, lost power)

29. Oil Refinery
contd...
Moving
vehicle
Oil refinery
Perimeter around Oil Refinery

30. Case Study -3
Military and Defense Applications

31. Military & Defense Applications
To detect enemy planes and warships
To detect intruders at the fences of border areas

32. Ship Identification
Physical Environment Issues
· Water (constantly moving)
· Tides (edge and height of water constantly changing in view of
camera)
· Weather (rain, snow, fog, rapid shifts from sunny to cloudy)
· High winds
· Shore birds (primarily sea gulls)

33. Case Study - 4
Traffic Monitoring

34. Need for Traffic Monitoring
 To reduce the traffic congestion on highways
 Reduce the road accidents
 Identifying suspicious vehicles. Etc..,

35. Traffic Monitoring
Traffic scene analysis in 3 categories
 A straight forward vehicle detection and counting system.
 Congestion monitoring
 Vehicle classification and tracking systems which involve
much more detailed scene traffic analysis.

36. Traffic Monitoring
Recognizes vehicle patterns and compares
subsequent images to determine vehicle and
direction.
Thus it can detect any car driving the wrong way
into a lane against the flow.
contd...

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